Term
| Key Variables for Defining Tourism |
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Definition
Distance-(place ex. outside usual environment)
Activity-(Business or Pleasure?)
Time-(Do day trippers Count?) |
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Term
| Ranking of Tourism in Comparison to Other Industries |
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Definition
3rd Largest Industry
2nd largest in employment |
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Term
| Ranking of Texas as a U.S. Tourism Destination |
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Definition
#2 Nationally(after Ca.)
#2 in Domestic Travel too! |
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Term
| Tourism Imports vs. Exports |
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Definition
Imports-Tourism brings in $ to community ex. "College Station"
Exports- People leave & take their money to another community ex."Snook" |
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Term
| Expenditure Patterns of Tourist( where do they spend their money?) |
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Definition
1. Transportation
2. Food
3. Lodging
4. Entertainment
5. Incidentals |
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Term
| Characteristics of Travel & Tourism |
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Definition
Movement
Multi-purpose
Exchange of $
Its Local-Its Global
Its a Massive Growing Industry
May be a compelling motive
May promote peace and understanding
Industry is fragmented |
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Term
| 4 Variables Causing tourism to be "Complex" |
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Definition
The Tourist(Bus. or Pleasure)
The Business' providing goods/services
The Govt' of the Host Community
The Host Community |
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Term
| Supply and Demand Sides of Tourism |
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Definition
Supply- attractions, transportation etc.
Demand- Tourist demand for tourism |
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Term
| 3 Key Variables for defining WHEN someone is a tourist |
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Definition
1. Time-24 hrs= Accomodations- Day Tripper or excursionist?
2. Distance- 50 miles? 100 miles?
3. Purpose- Business or Pleasure |
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Term
| The 5 Phases of Tourism: and an assoc. related to each |
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Definition
1. Anticipation-(Meeting Planners Association)
2. Travel to-(Air transport ass. of america)
3. On-site experience- (Cruise Lines INter' Ass.)
4. Travel From-(American Automobile ass.)
5. Recollection-( National Tour Ass.) |
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Term
| Various Impacts that tourism may have on a host community |
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Definition
1. Energy Use(H20 & power)
2. Urban Revitalization
3. Environmental Quality
4. Economic Growth
5. Trade Deficits( cars for tourists)
6. Full Employment
7. Quality of Life |
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Term
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Definition
| The temporary movement of people to destinations outside of their normal places of work,residence,the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinatations & the facilities created to cater to their needs |
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Term
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Definition
| One who travels away from home for a distance of at least 50 miles one way for business, pleasure, personal affairs, or any other purpose except to commute to work, whether for an over night stay or return the same day |
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Term
| Various Components of the Integrated Model of Tourism |
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Definition
| Tourists are at the center! |
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Term
| Key Moments in Tourism History During the Roman Empire |
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Definition
Tourism for both middle class and weathy
Good Roads, Inns (30 miles apart) |
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Term
| Key Moments in tourism history during the Mass Tourism Era |
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Definition
2 WW's=technology & desire increase.
Automobile-Airplane-Credit Cards |
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Term
| Impacts of the Crusades on Tourism |
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Definition
Afforable for less wealthy to travel
Exchange of ideas & goods (DESIRE IS BORN) |
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Term
| Impacts of the Pilgrimages on Tourism |
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Definition
Search for Religion and Health
Destinations were born(Accom. & Food)
Search for a better way of life |
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Term
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Definition
-Wealthy English Started
-Motivations- culture, health, pleasure, curiosity, science, career, education, art&scenery.
-New amenities formed
-Carriage Rental- 1st all-inclusive
Industrial Revolution started downfall |
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Term
| Key Services COOK offered & the things he introduced to Tourism |
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Definition
Offered- Connections, Tix, Time-tables, currency exchange, travel-guide the tour
Introduced- Circular tickets, Cooks coupons
With 3 grandsons=world tourism(affordable) |
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Term
| Type of Geography used in explaining Tourism |
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Definition
Physical-Landforms etc.
Human-(Cultural)
Regional-Study of one area-effects on climate, time of year etc. |
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Term
| Challenges and Opportunities associated with Tourism |
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Definition
| Can growth and development occur with out creating environmental problems? |
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Term
| 2 Components of the Marketing Concept |
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Definition
Research is Needed
To satisfy the Customer |
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Term
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Definition
The 4 P's
Product
Price
Place
Promotion |
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Term
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Definition
-Growing economic prosperity=leisure time spas were huge!
-Romanticism(urban bad-nature good)
-Transportation- Coach system, needed tie ups/inns
-Water travel preffered
-Wright Bros., Model T mass Produced |
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Term
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Definition
Return on Investment
For every $1 how much comes back |
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Term
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Definition
Product- Usually mostly a service
Price- implies quality value and rarity
Place-ease of distribution (where we sell our product)
Promotion-personal selling, advertising, publicity, sales promotions, word of mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of consumer characteristics and the process involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, and use goods and services to satisfy wants and needs |
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Term
| Primary vs. Secondary motives |
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Definition
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Term
| Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motives |
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Definition
Internal motivations
External motivations |
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Term
| Short vs. Long term motives |
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Definition
-Something to do once (bucketlist marathon runners)
-Lifetime goals, we want our tourists to have long term motives |
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Term
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Definition
-things internal to the tourist (attitudes, values, perception etc.0
-Things external to the tourist which are contrived to make a destination more appealing |
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Term
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Definition
- Fulfillment
-Self-esteem & development
-Relationship
-Stimulation
-Relaxation & bodily needs |
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Term
| Various Psychographic Dimentions |
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Definition
High Energy Allocentrics-frequent air travelers, exotic, unique
Low-Energy Allocentrics- by air, less frequent more in fantasy
High Energy Psychocentrics- active by car or Rv
Low energy psychocentrics- stay home near familiar surroundings |
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Term
| Explain Optimal Arousal Theory |
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Definition
| Through trave, the tourist seeks the stimulation or the peace and tranquility they may not get at home or work. |
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Term
| Various Barriers to travel |
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Definition
Cost
Time
Health
Family Stage
Lack of Interest
Fear & Security |
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Term
| Various Ways to Segment Markets |
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Definition
Geographic-(Gravity)
Demographic-(not who, buy why/how) lifestyle, values, attitudes, desires.
Product/Service Related- (leisure/business) Based on benefits, preferences, loyalty etc. |
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Term
| 5 Step Approach for Segmenting a Market |
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Definition
1. Choose a segmentation Approach
2. Profile the segments
3. Forecast each segments potential
4. Decide which segments should be targeted
5. Establish likely market share per segment |
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Term
| Inelastic & Elastic Demand |
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Definition
-Dosent Change(Business Travel)
-Changes over time(leisure travel) |
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Term
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Definition
Substantial, Exploitable, Identifiable, Durable
Long Term(Dolly) vs. Short Term(Christina) |
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Term
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Definition
| type of measurement that good marketers use. It is looking at how somebody lives their daily life, to know better how to serve them |
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Term
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Definition
| Markets that have differences within them (We want homogeneous) |
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Term
| Various Influences Upon a Tourist |
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Definition
TB=Tourist Behavior(function of internal factors &exterternal factors
Internal= attitudes values etc.
External=social class, family roles etc. |
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Term
| Various Ways Perception can be influenced |
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Definition
Learning
Past Experiences
Peers
Atmosphere |
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Term
| Various Perceptual Principles |
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Definition
Sensory adaptation
Color & Contrasts
Context
Figure Ground
Closure
Proximity
Perceptual Constancy
Selective Perception
Weber/Fechner Law |
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Term
| Environmental & social Perception |
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Definition
-How a person sees everything
-just how you see people |
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Term
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Definition
| who we assign blame to..good or bad |
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Term
| 3 Components of an Attitude & which is easiest and hardest to change |
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Definition
Affective-emotion HARDEST
Cognitive-Assumed facts EASIEST
Behavioral |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristics which ppl assign to a certain type of person/group or objects = unnecessary labaling |
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Term
| The role credibility plays in attitudes |
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Definition
| We are more likely to have our attitude changed by a source we deem more credible |
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Term
| How a host communities attitude is related to attachement |
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Definition
| The more attached people are to their community the more they will resent tourism(change) |
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Term
| The values that Americans feel are most important |
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Definition
Self-Respect
Security
Warm Relations
Accomplishments
Self Fufillment
Being Well Respected
Belonging
Fun
Enjoyment |
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Term
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Definition
| Degrees to which one is : agressive, outigoing, dominant, needy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Knowing when not to apply to other areas |
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Term
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Definition
| How your life unfolds (interests, activities, opinions) |
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Term
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Definition
| Form the criteria which guides behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Programming
Packaging
Partnerships
Publicity |
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Term
| Differenced between a Product and a Service |
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Definition
-Tangible("shake weight")
-Intangible("excellent customer service") |
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Term
| Various Pricing Guidelines that Marketers Use |
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Definition
Integrate Goals
Consider Key Markets
Analyze Demand
Match Price w/quality
Calculate Costs
Consider Competition
Consider Marketing Mix
Use a Pricing Procedure |
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Term
| Various Forms of Promotion |
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Definition
As Communication
Personal Selling
Advertising
Publicity & Public Relations
Sales & Promotions
Word of Mouth |
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Term
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Definition
Pure Service to goods w/little service
Tangibles vs. Intangibles
ex. on the services goods continuum, a restaurant would be considered as what:a combo of both goods and services |
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Term
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Definition
| Buy excess inventory of something & sell it to individuals |
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Term
| Differences between 1,2,3 level Distribution Channels |
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Definition
1= directly from service provider to customer
2=service provider-travel agent-customer
3=service provider-tour operator-travel agent-customer |
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Term
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Definition
| Familiarization Trips- trips offered by attractions at low or no cost to aquaint travel salespeople w/the products/services they offer |
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Term
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Definition
| Find customers needs > sell correct service/tour |
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Term
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Definition
Do not directly solicit businesses'
Selling intermediaries your product/service |
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Term
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Definition
| Convention and Visitors Bureau |
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Term
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Definition
| How easy something is to remember |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the distribution channels ex.someone who buys airplane tix and sells them to others |
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Term
| Various Ways to sell tourism |
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Definition
Personal Selling
Missionary Sales
Chambers of Commerce
CVB's
Local/National Tourism Offices |
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