Term
| Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. |
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Definition
- compounds containing carbon that are found in living organisms are regarded as organic
- exceptions: carbonates (CaCO3), hydrogen carbonates (HCO3) and oxides of carbon (CO, CO2)
- all other compounds are regarded as inorganic |
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Term
List three examples each for:
Monosacchardies |
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Definition
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose |
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Term
List three examples each for:
Disaccharides |
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Definition
- sucrose
- maltose
- lactose |
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Term
List three examples each for:
Polysaccharides |
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Definition
- cellulose
- glycogen
- starch |
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Term
List one function each for:
Glucose, lactose and glycogen in animals |
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Definition
- glucose = monosaccharide: major energy source for fueling cellular respiration
- lactose = disaccharide: energy source found in mammalian
- glycogen = polysaccharide: energy storage in liver |
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Term
List one function each for:
and fructose, sucrose and cellulose in plants |
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Definition
- fructose = monosaccharide: energy component in flower nectar
- sucrose = disaccharide: energy molecule transported via phloem
- cellulose = polysaccharide: major structural component of plant cell walls |
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Term
Outline the role of condensation synthesis and hydrolys.
Condensation synthesis |
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Definition
- monomers linked together (=anabolized) to form polymers
- through the release of H20
- with energy supplied by a nucleotide sugar (eg. ADP-glucose) |
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Term
Outline the role of condensation synthesis and hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis |
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Definition
- polymers broken down (= catabolized) into monomers (as in digestion)
- with H20 used as a source of -H and -OH group
- catalyzed by enzymes |
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Term
Outline the role of condensation synthesis and hydrolys.
Monosacchardies, disaccharides and polysaccharides:
Condensation synthesis |
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Definition
- condensation synthesis reactions link two monosaccharide monomers
- forming one disaccharide molecule and one H20 molecule
- repeated additions of monosaccharides produces a polysaccharide |
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Term
Outline the role of condensation synthesis and hydrolys.
Monosacchardies, disaccharides and polysaccharides:
Hydrolysis |
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Definition
- a polysaccharides can be broken down into monosaccharides
- H20 molecules used as a sources of -H and a -OH groups
- catalyzed by enzymes |
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Term
Outline the role of condensation synthesis and hydrolys.
Fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides
Condensation synthesis |
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Definition
- three separate condensation synthesis reactions
- link three fatty acid monomers to a single glycerol monomer
- forming one triglyceride molecule and three H20 molecules |
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Term
Outline the role of condensation synthesis and hydrolys.
Fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides:
Hydrolysis |
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Definition
- a triglyceride is broken down into one glycerol and three fatty acid molecules
- with three H20 molecules used as a sources of -H and a -OH groups
- catalyzed by enzymes |
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Term
Outline the role of condensation synthesis and hydrolys.
amino acids and polypeptides
Condensation synthesis |
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Definition
- two amino acid monomers are linked to form a dipeptide
- releasing one H20 molecule
- repeated condensation synthesis reactions produce polypeptides (=proteins) |
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Term
Outline the role of condensation synthesis and hydrolys.
amino acids and polypeptides
Hydrolysis |
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Definition
- a polypeptide is broken down into separate amino acid molecules
- with H20 molecules used as a source of a -H and a -OH groups
- catalyzed by enzymes |
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Term
| State three functions of lipids: |
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Definition
Energy storage
- concentrated long term energy storage
- which can release fuel for cellular respiration as needed
Phospholipids
- structural framework of cellular membranes
Thermal insulation
hormones = messenger molecules |
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Term
Compare the use of carbohydrates in energy storage:
A. Carbohydrates |
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Definition
- glucose, when in excess, linked together by condensation synthesis to form polysaccharides
- such as starch, glycogen and chitin
Starch
- the primary energy storage compound in plants, with alpha-glucose
- forming either as amylose (unbranched chains)
- amylopectin (branched chains)
Glycogen
- a branched polysaccharide formed from alpha-glucose
- primary energy storage compound in animals
- found mainly in liver and muscle cells |
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Term
Compare the use of carbohydrates in energy storage:
B. Lipids |
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Definition
Triglycerides
- a primary long-term energy storage compound
- containing twice the amount of energy per unit mass or volume as do either carbohydrates or proteins
C-H bonds
- along the length of fatty acides are very stable
- because the electrons in the C-H bond are equally shared
- thus, when these bonds are broken, they yield large sums of energy |
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