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| A region of DNA containing a unit of hereditary information. Act as the template for RNA synthesis. |
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| 1902. Studied heredity. Defect in genes causes defect in proteins. |
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| 1940's. Caused mutations in bread mold using X-rays. Proved that defects in genes caused defective enzymes. |
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| 1953. Discovered that proteins consist of amino acids. |
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| Genes code for proteins and contain information on how and when a protein is made are the final location of the protein. |
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| Genes > Transcription > Translation > Proteins |
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| Also called triplets. Groups of 3 nucleotides that code for an amino acid. |
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| AUG. Codes for methionine in eukaryotes and formyl-methionine in prokaryotes. |
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61 codons and their amino acids (3 stop codons).
Universal: Same for all organisms.
Degenerate: All amino acids are represented by several codons (except for methionine). |
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| When a sequence of nucleotides is read starting on a different amino acid (three possible reading frames). |
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| Seperate genes on a chromosome. |
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| Coding regions of a gene. |
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| Non-coding regions of a gene. |
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| Region at the beginning of a gene that tells transcribing machinery where to begin. |
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| In prokaryotes. Related genes are grouped together. All DNA in prokaryotes is coding. |
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Term
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Definition
Base pair substitutions.
-Silent mutations: Base pair changes but original amino acid is still coded for.
-Mis-sense mutation: Base pair change causes an amino acid change.
-Non-sense mutation: Base pair change results in a stop codon.
Removal/Addition of base pairs.
-Frameshift mutation: Alters the reading frame (or removes/adds 3 amino acids). |
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