Term
| What are some age-related changes to the pinna? In ways do these changes effect the patient? |
|
Definition
-Excessive hair growth on the tragus and lower portion of the helix
-Grows larger
-Skin: Loss of elasticity, Dryness, Thinning, and Atrophy
-Affects hearing aid impressions and hearing aid use |
|
|
Term
| What are some age-related changes to the TM? |
|
Definition
It becomes:
-Stiffer
-Less elastic
-Thinner
-Less vascular
-More translucent |
|
|
Term
| What are some age-related changes to the ossicular chain? |
|
Definition
-Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
-Joints: Malleoincudal joint and Incudostapedial joint
-Thinning and calcification of the joints |
|
|
Term
| How do the changes in the ossicular chain affect immittance measures? |
|
Definition
| 93% of older adults with arthritis have abnormal immittance results |
|
|
Term
| What are some age-related changes to the eustachian tube? |
|
Definition
-Calcification of the cartilaginous support of the tube
-Atrophy of the musculature responsible for its opening and closing |
|
|
Term
| List 3 of the most common ENT diagnoses and procedures among the elderly. |
|
Definition
-Diagnoses: Otitis media with upper respiratory infections with and without complications, Disequilibrium, and ENT malignancy
-Procedures: Sinus and mastoid procedures, Major head and neck procedures, and Rhinoplasty |
|
|
Term
Age-related sensory cell degeneration:
-Begins in the extreme ___ end
-___ row of outer hair cells affected first
-Greater loss in person’s over ___ years of age
-____ decrease in audiometric thresholds per same cellular loss in low versus high frequencies (highs show greater decrease in thresholds than lows) |
|
Definition
| basal; Outer; 70; Disproportionate |
|
|
Term
Age-related changes in spiral ganglion cells:
-Loss of ___ neurons per decade
*Young adults: ___ to ___
*81 to 90 years: <___
-Loss is greatest at the ___ of the cochlea
-Relationship between loss of spiral ganglion cells and audiometric thresholds: Greatest degree of loss when # of cells falls below ___ |
|
Definition
| 2000; 30,000 to 40,000; 20,000; base; 20,000 |
|
|
Term
| This type of presbycusis has the criterion of any total loss of hair cells at the basal end of the cochlea that is at least 10 mm in length so as to involve the speech frequencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sensory Presbycusis:
-___ sloping audiometric configuration
-Starts in ___ age
-Changes in organ of ___
-Sensory hair cell ___
-___ turn of cochlea affected
-Word recognition ___ |
|
Definition
| Steeply; middle; Corti; destruction; First; preserved |
|
|
Term
| This type of presbycusis has the criterion of loss of 50% or more of the cochlear neurons as compared with the mean # in the neonate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Neural Presbycusis:
-Sensory hair cells ___, but first order neurons ___
-Audiometric configuration is ___ sloping, but ___ than the sensory type
-Word recognition is ___ than what is to be expected from the audiogram
-Affects entire cochlear, but mostly ___ turn
-“___ ___” occurs (“I can hear you, but I can’t understand you…”) |
|
Definition
| preserved; deteriorate; downward; flatter; poorer; basal; Phonemic regression |
|
|
Term
| This type of presbycusis has a criterion of a loss of 30% or more of strial tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Metabolic Presbycusis:
-Audiometric configuration is ___
-Word recognition is ___ (little effect in some cases), b/c the problem is in the stria not the hair cells)
-___ atrophy occurs as an isolated lesion
-Need at least ___% strial loss to show up on the audiogram |
|
Definition
| flat; preserved; Strial; 30 |
|
|
Term
| This type of presbycusis is when no criterion has been met for other types and a gradually descending audiogram (no more that 25 dB between adjacent octaves and a difference of 50 dB from best to worst thresholds) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mechanical Presbycusis:
-Audiometric configuration is ___ ___ sloping
-No real signs in cochlear, except the basilar membrane becomes ___ with reduction in mechanical-electrical transduction |
|
Definition
| gradual downwardly; stiffer |
|
|
Term
Explain the physiological reasons for expected presenting complaints for presbycusis:
1. Decreased in auditory sensitivity in high frequencies
2. Decline in word recognition
3. Difficulty understanding speech in noise
4. Difficulty with localization
5. Recruitment
6. Tinnitus |
|
Definition
1. sensory cell loss and neurons at the basal end of the cochlea
2. Phonemic regression and nerve loss
3. Sensory and neuronal loss
4. Sensory/neuronal losses (more sensory driven). The SOC.
5. Abnormal loudness growth-all of the sound has to go into a reduced dynamic range. Less dynamic range due to HL. Sensory hearing loss.
6. There is damage to the auditory system and the brain isn’t getting all of the access to sounds that you need |
|
|
