Term
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Definition
| the process by which an mRNA template, encoding the sequence of the protein in a trinucleotide code, is transcribed from the genome to provide a template for translation |
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Term
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Definition
| the synthesis of proteins |
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Term
| post-translational modifications |
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Definition
| events following biosynthesis |
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Term
| ______ inhibits phosphatase PPI preventing dephosphorylation of CaMKII |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 ways CaMKII may control expression of LTP |
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Definition
1. modifying the conformation of AMPA receptors so that when glutamate binds they allow a large influx of sodium
2. modifying processes to prevent AMPA receptors from trafficking out of the membrane into the cytoplasm where they can no longer contribute to the synaptic response
3. moving AMPA receptors into "silent synapse" |
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Term
| What is meant by CaMKII being called a "molecular switch" |
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Definition
| once activated, in theory, CaMKII can remain in that state indefinitely |
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Term
| 4 mechanisms contributing to synaptic plasticity |
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Definition
1. the regulation of kinases & phosphatases of channels & proteins involved in trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, & protein synthesis
2. alterations of synaptic AMPAR properties, subunit composition, & trafficking
3. actin reorganization & modulation of spine morphology
4. initiation of local protein synthesis in spines & dendrites |
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Term
| 2 ways the expression of LTP could be potentially explained |
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Definition
1. presynaptic increase in glutamate release
2. postsynaptic increase in responsiveness to glutamate |
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Term
| equation used for quantal analysis of LTP |
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Definition
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Term
| Several research groups speculated that the activation of ______ could explain all of the prior findings |
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Definition
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Term
| By increasing the number of synapses that contribute to EPSCs after LTP has been triggered, synapse ____ mimics an increase in m leading to an apparent increase in quantal content |
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Definition
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Term
| Unsilencing is qualitatively & mechanistically indistinguishable from _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 postsynaptic scenarios that could contribute to LTP |
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Definition
1. enhanced single AMPAR conductance
2. a boost in number of receptors
3. recruitment of new synapses |
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Term
| What does actinomycin D do? |
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Definition
| general transcription inhibitor |
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Term
| 2 ways synaptic activity can signal the nucleus |
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Definition
1. the synapse-to-nucleus model assumes that synaptic activity initiates a cascade that produces signaling molecules that eventually translocate to the nucleus to initiate transcription
2. the soma-to-nucleus model assumes that, as a result of action potentials produced by synaptic activity, calcium enters the soma through voltage-gated calcium channels where it can more directly initiate transcription |
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Term
| 3 steps in Dudek & Fields' experiment testing the soma-to-nucleus hypothesis |
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Definition
1. they applied a weak stimulus to the Schaffer collateral
2. in some slices this was followed by electrical stimulation applied to the axons of the CA1 pyramidal cells to produce action potentials in those neurons & allow the influx of calcium into the soma & the nucleus
3. weak stimulation ONLY produced S-LTP, but when it was followed by antidromic stimulation L-LTP was produced |
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Term
| 2 arguments for soma-to-nucleus signaling |
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Definition
1. the amount of signal generated from single synapses that reaches the nucleus may not be enough to initiate transcription
2. the time it takes for synaptic-generated signals to translocate to the nucleus may be too long to participate in the translation of genes needed to support LTP |
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Term
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Definition
| protein synthesis inhibitor |
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