Term
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Definition
Drug class: Antidiarrheal
Generic: Loperamide
Dosage form: oral tab, 2mg
MOA: acts on receptors on small intestine to decrease circular and longitudinal muscle activity. slows intestinal transit, increases contact time, directly inhibits fluid and electrolyte secretion and/or salt and water absorption.
Indication: Diarrhea
Key/monitoring point: Max 16mg/day |
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Term
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Definition
Generic = Promethazine
Drug class: Antiemetic/antivertigo
Dosage form: Oral tab, 25mg
MOA: competitively blocks H1 (histamine) receptors w/o blocking secretion of histamine. Has a sedative effect, no dopaminergic action.
Indication: motion sickness n/v
Key point: avoid excessive sun exposure*** Photosensitivity***, Black box for Respiratory and Under 2 yrs**** avoid MAOI's and CNS depressants, may cause unstable bp, dizziness, sweating. **IV*** |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: antiemetic/antivertigo
Generic: Meclizine
Dosage form: Oral tab, 25, 50mg tabs
MOA: antihistamine, suppressses vasodilator response to histamine, only slightly inhibiting acetycholine
Indication: motion sickness, radiation induced n/v
Key point: take 1 hr before travel, avoid CNS depressants, may cause sedation, dry mouth, strong desire to sleep |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Antifungal
Generic: Miconazole
Dosage Form: Cream 2%, Supp 100mg
MOA: inibits synth of ergosterol or other sterols, damages funcal cell wall membrane, alters permeability, inhibits oxidative and peroxidative enzyme activity, results in intracellular toxic buildup of H2O2
Indication: vaginal yeast infection
Key/monitoring point: Avoid using other vaginal products (douche, tampon). Stomach and vaginal discomfort may occur, do not bandage area. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class:Antifungal
Generic: Tolnaftate
Dosage Form: Topical spray 1%, topical cream 1%, topical powder 1%, Topical soln 1%
MOA: Inhibits biosynth of ergosterol, disrupts cell wall membrane
Indication: Fungal infection, athletes foot
Key/monitoring point: May cause pruritis (itching) at application site. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Antihistamine First Generation
Generic: Diphenhydramine
Dosage Form: Injection soln 50mg/mL, oral cap 25mg, oral cap liquid filled 25mg, oral tab 25mg
MOA: Antihistamine by competing with histamine for receptor sites on effector cells
Indication: Allergic rhinitis, common cold
Key/monitoring point: INSOMNIA --indication that takes advantage of the side effect, young children may experience excitation. Drowsiness. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Antihistamine 2nd Generation
Generic: Fexofenadine
Dosage Form: Oral cap 60mg, oral susp 30mg/5mL, oral tab 30, 60, 180 mg
MOA: Inhibits release of histamine from mast cells, selectively antagonizes peripheral H1 receptor activity
Indication: Seasonal rhinitis
Key/monitoring point: avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination, may cause dyspepsia, dizziness, headache, sleepiness, dysmenorrhea, fatigue. Take with water. Do not take with fruit juices (grapefruit, orange or apple). Avoid Al or Mg containing antacids w/in 30 minutes before or after taking drug. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Antihistamine 2nd Generation
Generic: Certrizine
Dosage Form: oral syrup 1mg/mL, oral tab 5, 10mg, oral tab chewable 5, 10mg
MOA: selectively inhibits peripheral H1 receptors
Indication: perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis
Key/monitoring point: avoid activities requiring mental alertness, may cause dry mouth, headache, sleepiness or fatigue. Pt may tk chewable tab w/ or w/o water. avoid alcohol or other CNS depressants |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Antihistamine 2nd Gen
Generic: Desloratadine
Dosage Form: Oral syrup 0.5mg/mL, oral tab 5mg
MOA: Long acting tricyclic histamine antagonist, with selective H1 receptor antagonist activity
Indication: perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis
Key/monitoring point Avoid mental alertness activities, may cause dry mouth, muscle weakness, sleepiness, influenza like illness and fatigue. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Antihistamine Ocular
Generic: Olopatadine
Dosage Form: Opthalmic soln 0.1, 0.2 %
MOA: Selective H1 antagonist, exerts effect by inhibiting release of histamine from mast cells. Blocks type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reactions, prevents histamine mediated effects on human conjunctival epithelial cells. No activity on dopamine alpha-adrenergic or muscarinic receptors
Indication: Allergic conjunctivitis
Key/monitoring point: May cause altered taste, headache, burning sensation, keratitis, pharyngitis, xerophthalmia, occular hyperemia, rhinitis. Teach proper instillation techniqe. Take out contacts before use. Avoid alcohol and other cns depressants. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Antihistamine/Decongestant combo
Generic: Fexofenadine-pseudoephedrine
Dosage Form: Oral tab ER (F/P) 60-120mg
MOA: Fexofenadine inhhibits release of histamine from mast cells and selectivity antagonizes peripheral H1 receptor activity. Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine with decongenstant effect on nasal mucosa
Indication: seasonal allergic rhinitis
Key/monitoring point: Take on empty stomach w/ water, separate from drugs with Al or Mg antacids, avoid apple, orange or grapefruit juice. Allow 14 days to elapse after stopping MAOI before starting this drug. May cause palpitations, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, n, headache, insomnia, agitation, upper resp infection. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Antimigrane agent 5-HT receptor agonist
Generic: Sumatriptan succinate
Dosage Form: oral tab 25, 50, 100 mg, SC soln 6mg/0.5mL
MOA: selective agonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 receptor, stimulates vasoconstriction in basilar artery and blood vessels in dura mater --> abating migraine headache
Indication: Migraine, cluster headache
Key/monitoring point: ***Tab MAX 200mg/day. SC MAX 12mg/day***** |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class:Cold Sores
Generic:Docosanol
Dosage form: Topical cream 10%
MOA:Reduces viral replication and activity by inhibiting fusion b/w plasma membrane and hsv envelope
Indication:herpes labialis, oral herpes, cold sores
Key/monitoring point: herpetic lesions on face only. Do not use on genital herpes. Avoid contact with eyes, may cause application site rxn or headache. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Cox-2 inhibitor (NSAID)
Generic: Celecoxib
Dosage form:Oral cap 50, 100, 200, 400mg
MOA:Inhibits activity of enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 resulting in decreased formation of precursors of prostaglandins
Indication: Osteo/rheumatoid arthritis; acute pain
Key/monitoring point: Don't use other NSAIDs, may increase risk of MI and stroke, serious GI effects possible. ***Do NOT use if allergic to aspirin, sulfonamides and other NSAIDS***** |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Decongestant
Generic: Oxymetazoline
Dosage form:Nasal spray 0.05%
MOA: Constriction of blood vessels in nose and sinuses leads to drainage of these areas and a decrease in congestion
Indication: Nasal congestion
Key/monitoring point:Do no use more than 3 days w/o consulting a doctor. Avoid MAOIs or CNS depressants. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Ear wax Removal
Generic: Carbamide peroxide
Dosage form: Otic soln 6.5%
MOA: Drops placed in ear, oxygen is released allowing foaming on contact as it gently softens and loosens earwax.
Indication: Removal of earwax
Key/monitoring point:put 5-10 drops in EAR twice a day. Don't swallow or put in eyes. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class:Expectorant
Generic: Guaifenesin
Dosage form: Oral tab ER 600, 1200 mg
MOA:Increases volume and reduces viscosity of secretion in trachea and bronchi.
Indication: Abnormal sputum production
Key/monitoring point:may cause n/v, ***Take with full glass of water to help relieve congestion***** |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class:Glaucoma agent-opthalmic
Generic: Latanoprost
Dosage form:soln 2.5 mL
MOA: Prostaglandin F 2-alpha analog. Reduces intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humor. Main moa may be increased uveoscleral outflow.
Indication: Glaucoma, raised intraocular pressure
Key/monitoring point:May permantently pigment iris brown, skin of eyelid may darken in color during treatment but may be reversed after stopping treatment. may cause blurred vision, advise patient to remove contact lense prior to instilling drug. Reinsert lenses 15 min following instillation. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class:Intranasal steroid
Generic: Mometasone
Dosage form: Nasal spral 0.05mg/actuation (17g 120 metered doses)
MOA: Corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory, antipriuretic and vasoconstrictive properties. Inhibits release of arachidonic acid by inducing lipocortins that inhibit phospholipase A2.
Indication: Allergic rhinitis
Key/monitoring point: Advise pt on propr inhalation technique. may cause dyspepsia, back pain, musculoskeletal pain, headache, dysmenorrhea, allergic rhinitis, candidiasis, pharyngitis, upper respiratory infection or fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Intranasal steroid
Generic: Triamcinolone acetonide
Dosage form: Nasal spray 55mcg/actuation (16.5 g bottle w/ 9.075 mg TA 120 actuations)
MOA: synthetic corticosteroid with antiinflammatory antipriuretic and antiallegenic properties. Exerts a prfound and varied metabolic effect, changes body's immune responses to different stimuli.
Indication:
Key/monitoring point: |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Intranasal steroid
Generic: Fluticasone
Dosage Form:Nasal spray 0.05mg/ actuation
MOA: Synthetic trifluorinated corticosteroid, potent antiinflammatory activity. Acts as a human glucocorticoid receptor agonist with affinity for the receptor that is 18 times greater than that of dexamethasone, almost twice that of beclamethasone-17-monoproproionate and over 3x that of budesonide.
Indication: Allergic rhinitis
Key/monitoring point: shake gently before use, may cause pharyngeal candidiasis, epistaxis, or pharyngitis |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Lactose intolerance
Generic: Lactase
Dosage Form:Oral cap, lactase enzyme 9000 FCC lactase units. (also chewables, milk, cottage cheese)
MOA: Beta-galactosidase family of enzymes, is a glycoside hydrolase involved in hydrolysis of disaccharide lactose into constituent galactose and glucose monomers
Indication: Lactose intolerance
Key/monitoring point:Take 3 caps upon consumption of a dairy product. BEWARE PKU people*** |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class:Laxative
Generic: Polyethylene glycol
Dosage Form:Oral powder for soln: 17mg/dose
MOA: osmotic agent that causes retention of water in stoll resulting in softer stool and more frequent bowel movements
Indication: Constipation
Key/monitoring point: Min of 8oz of water/juice/soda/coffee/tea prior to administration. May cause diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, stomach cramps or swollen abdomen. ***Symptomatic improvement may not be seen for 2-4 days****** Do not take more than 2 wks unless instructed to by healthcare professional |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Lice treatment
Generic: Permethrin
Dosage Form: Topical liquid
MOA: Acts on nerve cell membrane of louse or mite to disrupt sodium channel current that regulates the polarization of membrane. Leading to delayed repolarization and subsequent paralysis of louse or mite.
Indication: Headlice, scabies
Key/monitoring point: May cause pruritis, stinging, burning. Wash clothes, bedding and personal items in hot, soapy water to prevent reinfection. Do not use near eyes or mucous membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Narcotic analgesic combo
Generic: Codeine/APAP
Dosage Form: Tablet 30/325 mg
MOA: Codeine is a centrally acting analgesic; methylated morphine. APAP inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, acts centrally on hypothalamic heat regulating center to produce peripheral vasodilation --> increased blood flow through skin, sweating and heat loss. non-opiate, antipyretic and non salicylate analgesic
Indication: Mild moderately severe pain
Key/monitoring point: ****Max 12 tab/day (APAP 4g/day, codeine 360mg/day)**** APAP overdose, avoid operating machinery, avoid other APAP containing drugs. Avoid CNS depressants. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Narcotic analgesic combo
Generic: hydrocodone/APAP
Dosage Form: Oral tab 5/500mg
MOA: Hydrocodone: opoid analgesic and antitussive APAP: nonopiate antipyretic and non-salicylate analgesic
Indication: Moderate-severe pain
Key/monitoring point: ****Max 8 tabs/day***** (4g APAP/day) Avoid other APAP containing products, avoid operating machinery, avoid CNS depressants. Potential for abuse. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Narcotic Analgesic combo
Generic: Oxycodone/ASA
Dosage Form: Oral tab 4.8355/325mg
MOA: oxycodeone is a semisynth pure opoid agonist w/ effects like analgesia, anxiolysis, euphoria and feelings of relaxation, depresses cough reflex. ASA: nonopiate antipyretic and non-salicylate analgesic.
Indication: Moderate to severe pain
Key/monitoring point: *****Max 12 tabs per day**** max 4g ASA, avoid other ASA containing products, avoid operating machinery, avoid CNS depressants, may cause Rye's syndrome if used for viral symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Narcotic Analgesic Combo
Generic: Oxycodone/APAP
Dosage Form: Oral tab 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 /325mg; 7.5/500mg; 10/650mg
MOA: Oxycodone principal action in combination with acetaminophen are sedation and analgesia. APAP is a nonopiate antipyretic and non-salicylate analgesic.
Indication: moderate to moderate-severe pain
Key/monitoring point: *****Max 4g APAP/day (12, 8 and 6 tabs/day respectively)**** Watch for APAP overdose, do not take other APAP containing products. Avoid operating machinery. Avoid CNS depressants. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: NSAID
Generic: Naproxen
Dosage Form: Oral susp: 25mg/mL; Oral tab 250, 375, 500mg
MOA: inhibits prostaglandin production
Indication: pain and inflammation, arthritis pain, HA, fever
Key/monitoring point:****Effect of food: increases Tmax to 12hours thus prolonging action***** OTC max 600mg/day. RX: 1250mg/day initial then 1000mg/day afterwards. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: NSAID
Generic: Ibuprofen
Dosage Form: Oral suspension 100mg/5mL; Oral tab 200, 400, 600, 800 mg
MOA: Inhibits prostaglanding synthesis
Indication: Pain, inflammation, HA, fever
Key/monitoring point: Max is generally 1200 mg per/day
Black Box warning: Cardiovascular risk |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: NSAID
Generic: Meloxicam
Dosage Form: Oral susp 7.5mg/5mL; Oral tab 7.5, 15mg
MOA: Exhibits antiinflammatory analgesic and antipyretic activities in animal models. Action of meloxicam may be related to prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase) inhibition
Indication: osteoarthritis, RA
Key/monitoring point: Avoid use of other NSAIDs, avoid in late pregnancy, may cause edema, htn, dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea, anemia, arthralgia, back pain, dizziness, HA, insomnia, pharyngitis. May be taken w/o food. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Non-opoid analgesic
Generic: Tramadol
Dosage Form: Oral tab 50mg; Oral tab ER 100, 200, 300 mg
MOA: Centrally acting opoid analgesic that exerts its effect through binding of parent drug and M1 metabolite to mu-opoid receptors and through weak inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonic reuptake
Indication: chronic pain
Key/monitoring point: ****Max 400mg/day IR, Max 300mg/day ER**** Avoid mental alertness activities, may cause dizziness, somnolence, impaired cognition. Avoid alcohol and street drugs. Take w/ full glass of water. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Scar treatment
Generic: None
Dosage Form: Topical gel 20 and 50 g tube
MOA: improve color, texture and overall appearance of old and new scars
Indication:scar treatment
Key/monitoring point: apply thin layer to scar, gently massage 3x day for 8 weeks on new scars. and 3x a day for 3-6 months on existing scars. Stop when itching, burning or discoloration appears. may cause sensitivity. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Sensitive teeth
Generic: Potassium nitrate 5%, sodium fluoride 0.13% w/v fluoride ion
Dosage Form: toothpaste
MOA: Potassium nitrate desensitizes nerve endings within tubules found in dentin, sensitive layer of tooth under enamel, causing them to be less responsive to hot, cold, sweet and acidic things
Indication: tooth sensitivity
Key/monitoring point: Contact poison control if a significant amount is swallowed. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Skeletal muscle relaxer
Generic: Cyclobenzaprine
Dosage Form: Oral tab, cap 5, 10 mg
MOA: Acts at brain stem w/in CNS as opposed to spinal cord. influences gamma and alpha motor systems by reducing tonic somatic motor activity. May be similar to tricyclic antidepressants. possible effects include central and peripharal anticholinergic actions, sedative effect and increase in heart rate.
Indication: skeletal muscle spasm
Key/monitoring point: avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination. may cause anticholinergic effects, bad taste in mouth, dyspepsia, nausea, HA. Avoid concomitant use of tricyclic antidepressants or guanethidine, avoid alcohol and CNS depressants. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Snore aid
Generic: NONE
Dosage Form: nasal strips small and large --> with either 12, 28, or 30 strips
MOA: Strips lift up nasal passages to get more airflow
Indication: snoring and congestive relief
Key/monitoring point: NONE |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Stool softener
Generic: Docusate sodium
Dosage Form: Oral cap liquid filled 50, 100 mg; oral liquid 150mg/15mL, 100mg/10mL; Oral solution 20mg/5mL
MOA: actively draws water into stool, softening the stool and acheiving sense of ease in bowel movement
Indication: constipation
Key/monitoring point: don't take drug if experiencing acute abdominal pain, n/v, or sudden change of bowel habits over 2 weeks duration. may cause bitter taste in mouth, diarrhea, n, cramps. *****Works w/in 12-72 hours ***** Drink plenty of water. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Supplement
Generic: Zinc (Zinc gluconate glycine)
Dosage Form: Lozenges
MOA: Zinc are positive ions that bind to negatively charged rhinovirus, prevents their replication
Indication: common cold
Key/monitoring point: May cause temporary change in taste buds and mild stomach upset; dissolve lozenges, tabs, chew gum on a full stomach to avoid upset stomach. ****Dissolve lozenges in mouth to release zinc to target area mouth ***** Do not chew; avoid drinking citrus juices or eat citrus 1/2 hr prior to and after taking lozenge. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Supplement
Generic: Lutein, Vit A, C, E, Zinc, Se, and Cu
Dosage Form: oral tab 2mg lutein, 6mg lutein
MOA: Lutein is powerful antioxidant that protects against UV damage by filtering blue light b4 damaging macula of eye
Indication: supplemental eye care
Key/monitoring point: take once or twice a day as recommended. Smokers be cautioned. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: teething product
Generic: benzocaine 7.5%
Dosage Form: Oral gel, liquid, swabs
MOA: local anaesthetic that decreases sodium ion permeability thru reversible stabilization of neuronal memrane. Inhibits depolarization of neuronal membrane which blocks the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.
Indication: Teething pain for babies
Key/monitoring point: wash hands b4 applying, if swelling, fever, rash or other mouth irritation occurs, discontinue and ask doctor. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: UTI prevention
Generic: Cranberry, probiotic lactobacillus, Vit C
Dosage Form: Oral tab
MOA: Helps block the attachment of bacteria to the bladder wall. Probiotic lactobacillus are NF and used as additional support for immune system. Vit C is an antioxidant.
Indication: Prevent UTI
Key/monitoring point: Take 2 tab daily with full glass of water. Can take up to 6 tabs/day |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Wound care
Generic: Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin
Dosage form: ointment
MOA: Neomycin inhibits protein synth in bacterial cells. effective against gram neg and some gram +, ineffective against anaerobic bowel flora. Polymyxin B increases bacterial cell membrane permeability of most gram - except proteus. Not effective against gram +, fungi, gram - cocci, neisseria gonorrhea/meningitidis. Bacitracin is an antibacterial against staph.
Indication: Antibiotic, pain reliever for minor cuts, scrapes and burns.
Key/monitoring points: Clean affected area, coat it and cover it. Stop using if hypersensitivity occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Supplement
Generic: ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol
Dosage Form: Tablet, Cap, Liquid, chewables
MOA: UV light, 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) is converted to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) which is then converted by the liver to calcifediol and then again by the kidney to calcitriol
Indication: Supplement
Key/monitoring point: Do not take magnesium containing antacids or thiazide diuretics. |
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Term
Calcium citrate
Calcium carbonate |
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Definition
Drug Class: Supplement
Brand: Carbonate: TUMS, oscal, caltrate
Citrate: Citracal-tk with or w/o food!
Dosage Form: Tablet, cap, 150-1000mg
MOA: Absorbed across GI
Indication: Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets
Key/Monitoring points: DO not give to end stage renal patients, Do not give to ventricular fibrillation pt***carbonate tk with food to incrase abs. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Supplement
Generic: Various brand
Dosage form: Caps 100-1000mg
Indication: Reduce risk of coronary artery disease
MOA: increase HDL and lower LDL
Key/monitoring points: Diarrhea, increased bleeding, Use with caution in Diabetes mellitus 2 patients. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Wound care
Generic: Mupirocin
Dosage forms: ointment
Indication: Staph aureus and strep pyogenes impetigo, external infected lesions.
MOA: antibacterial via fermentation
Key monitoring points: DO not use on open wounds. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Antacid
Generic: Calcium carbonate
Dosage form: Tab, cap, chewable
MOA:
Indication: Relief of heart burn, upset stomach, and acid indigestion
Key/monitoring people: DO not give to renal failure patients |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Antacids
Generic: Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide
Dosage Form: Liquid
MOA: H2 antagonist
Indication: heartburn, acid indigestions
Key/monitoring point: |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Intranasal steroid
Generic: Budesonide
Dosage Form: inhaler
MOA:anti-inflammatory synthetic corticosteroid w/ potent glucocorticoid activity
Indication: Asthma, rhinitis, crohns disease.
Key/monitoring point: May cause diarrhea, nausea. Do not use if allergic to milk protein |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: narcotic analgesic combo
Generic: Hydrocodone/APAP
Dosage form: Tab, solution
MOA: APAP inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Vicodin is semi-synthetic narcotic analgesic.
Indication: Pain
Key points: acetaminophin & liver failure; abuse potential; common GI and neuro side effects. DO NOT EXCEED 4g acetaminophen in 24 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Glaucoma agent
Generic: Travoprost
Dosage Form: eye drops, soln
Indication: Glaucoma, reduce intraocular pressure
MOA: selective FP prostanoid receptor agonist
Key/monitoring points: Pt may develop brown pigmentation of iris, ocular hyperemia ****Refrigeration**** Monitor intraocular pressure**** |
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Term
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Definition
Drug Class: Glaucoma Agent
Generic: Bimatoprost
Dosage Form: Soln, 0.1, 0.3%
MOA: Is a prostamide, increases outflow of aqueous humour.
Indication: Glaucoma
Key monitoring point: Growth of eyelashes, increased pigmentation of iris, eyelid skin darkening ***Refrigeration***** Monitor intraocular pressure**** |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitor
Generic: Rosuvastatin
Dosage form: oral
MOA: competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase
Indication: artherosclorosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia
Key/monitoring point: Decreases VLDL and LDL |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: HMG COa Reducatase inhibitor
Generic: Atorvastatin
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase
Indication: hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesteremia, mixed dyslipidemia
Key/monitoring point: Reduces total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and variable increase in HDL |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: HMGCoA reductase inhibitor
Generic: Lovastatin
Dosage form: Oral, ER (do not crush/chew)
MOA: meatbolized to β-hydroxyacid, a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase
Indication: hypercholesteremia, prevent coronary heart disease
Key/monitoring point: Decreases total cholesterol and LDL |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: HMGCoA reductase Inhibitor
Generic: Simvastatin
Dosage form: Oral
MOA: prodrug and is hydrolyzed to its active beta-hydroxyacid form--> inhibits HMGCoA reductase
Indication: hypercholesteremia, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease
Key/monitoring point:Rhabdomyolysis and myopathy; Decreases VLDL, Triglycerides and Increases HDL |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: HMGCoA Reductase inhibitor
Generic: Pravastatin
Dosage form: Oral
MOA: reversible inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase AND inhibits LDL production by inhibiting hepatic synthesis of VLDL
Indication: hyperlipidemia, prevent coronary heart events
Key/monitoring point: Decreases total-Cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides increases in HDL. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Antihyperlipidemic agent
Generic: Ezetimibe
Dosage form: Oral
MOA: inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol by the small intestine
Indication: Hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia
Key/monitoring point: Decreases total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides; Increases HDL |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Antihyperlipidemic-Fibric acid derivative
Generic: Fenofibrate
Dosage form: Oral
MOA:Activates proliferator–activated receptor alpha (PPARα), increases lipolysis, activates lipoprotein lipase
Indication: hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed dyslipidemia
Key/monitoring point: Give WITH meals. Decreases total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL. Increases HDL. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Antihyperlipidemic-Fibric acid derivative
Generic: Gemfibrozil
Dosage form:Oral
MOA: Inhibit peripheral lipolysis, decrease the hepatic extraction of free fatty acids
Indication: Hypertriglyceridemia, prevent cardiovasc disease
Key/monitoring point: Take bid 30 min before meals, decreases triglycerides, VLDL mostly, modest decreases in total and LDL cholesterol. Increases HDL |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Antihyperlipidemic combo
Generic: Ezetimibe + simvastatin
Dosage form: Oral tab
MOA: inhibits absorption of cholesterol in small intesting (ezetimibe) and inhibits hmgcoa-reductase (simvastatin, pro drug)
Indication: Hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia
Key/monitoring point: increased risk of myopathy and rhabomyolysis; grapefruit juice |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: anticoagulant
Generic: warfarin sodium
Dosage form: Oral and IV
MOA: Inhibits synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X); peak effect 72-96 hours after admin
Indication: myocardial infarction/thromboembolic event, venous thrombosis, pulm embolism (prophylactic or tx)
Key/monitoring point: dosage may be determined by genetic variants in CYP2C9 and VKORC1;c/i in prego; MONITOR INR q 1-4 weeks; minimize consumption of vitamin K rich foods: spinach, seaweed, broccoli, turnip greens. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class:Thrombin Inhibitor
Generic: Dagibatran Etexilate
Dosage form: Oral Cap
MOA: Competitive direct thrombin inhibitor, inhibiting conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, prevents thrombus
Indication: stroke and systemic embolism prevention
Key/monitoring point: Monitor for signs of bleeding; assess renal fn prior to start and periodically during therapy as clinically indicated |
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Definition
Drug class: Aggregation inhibitor-antiplatelet agent
Generic: Clopidogrel Bisulfite
Dosage form: Oral tab
MOA: irreversible binding to ADP receptor P2Y12 class on platelets--prevents ADP from binding to platelet, preventing activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa --> inhibits platelet aggregation
Indication: acute coronary syndrome, unstable angina/non-st segment elevation MI, ST elevated acute MI, recent MI/stroke/peripheral artery disease
Key/monitoring point: Recommends concomitant use of ASA; CYP2C19 poor metabolizers will have DECREASED active metabolite of drug; beware of thombotic thrombocytopenic purpura w/in first 2 weeks: thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, neuro finding, renal impaired, fever |
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Definition
Drug class: Aggregation inhibitor-antiplatelet agent
Generic: Prasugrel
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: thienopyridine inhibitor of platelet activation and aggregation via binding to ADP receptor on platelet (P2Y12 class...same as Plavix!)
Indication: acute coronary syndrome
Key/monitoring point: Risk of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; Prego category B; monitoring for bleeding, |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: loop diuretic
Generic: Furosemide
Dosage form: Oral tab, soln, INJ
MOA: inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in loop of henle
Indication: Edema, hypertension,
Key/monitoring point: Monitor for ototoxicity (reversible or irreversible hearing loss), electrolyte imbalance, maybe sulfonamide sensitivity, may increase glucose in diabetics |
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Definition
Drug class: Combo diuretics
Generic: Triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide
Dosage form:37.5 mg triamterene + 25 mg HCTZ (dyazide = Tab)(Maxzide = Cap)
MOA:Triamterene inhibits reab of Na in exchange for K and H in distal tubule (K-sparing diuretic) Hydrochlorothiazide: inhibits reab of Na and Cl in distal tubule
Indication: Edema and htn
Key/monitoring point: ??? |
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Definition
Drug class: Thiazide diuretic
Generic: hydrochlorothiazide
Dosage form: oral tab/cap
MOA: blocks reabsorption of Na and Cl in the distant tubule, thereby increasing volume of water excreted.
Indication: Edema, htn
Key/monitoring point: C/I: anuria or sulfonamide allergy. Warning: hypokalemia,hyponatremia, hyperCa/Phos, hypochloremia, hypomagnesemia; orthostatic hypotension, dizzy, HA. If CrCl < 30 use loop diuretic. |
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Definition
Drug class: Beta-blocker
Generic: Atenolol
Dosage form: Oral tab
MOA: beta 1 selective receptor blocker --> decreases blood pressure. Reduces oxygen req of heart.
Indication: acute MI, angina, OFF label: reduce cardiac risk during surgery, ped htn, unstable angina, migraine
Key/monitoring point:In pt with angina- do NOT disctontinue abruptly, can cause severe exacerbation of angina and MI.C/I in sinus bradycardia. Warning: cardiac failure. Brady cardia, cold extremities, leg pain, cns depression, dizzy. |
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Definition
Drug class: Beta 1 blocker
Generic: metoprolol tartrate
Dosage form:Ora tab (ER), cap, IV
MOA: Blocks beta 1 receptors, also Beta 2 at higher concentrations (in bronchial and vasculature)
Indication: angina, htn, OFF label: reduce cardiac risk during surgery, ped htn, migraine
Key/monitoring point: C/I: sinus bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, heart block greater than 1st degree Warning: bradycardia, SOB, orthostatic hypotension, dizzy, tired, depression |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Beta 1 blocker
Generic: metoprolol Succinate
Dosage form: oral tab (ER), cap, IV
MOA: Blocks beta 1 receptors, but also Beta 2 at higher concentrations (in bronchial and vasc tissue)
Indication: Angina pectoris, heart failure, htn OFF label: reduce cardiac risk during surgery, prevent migraine
Key/monitoring point: Do NOT stop abruptly --> MI. C/I: severe bradycardia, 2nd or 3rd deg heart block, cardiogenic shock. ADR: bradycardia, depression, diarrhea, dizzy, SOB, tired. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Calcium Channel Blocker
Generic: Amlodipine
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: dihydropyridine calcium antagonist --> prevents influx of Ca ions into vascular smooth and cardiac muscle --> peripheral arterial vasodilation --> reduces peripheral BP. reduces TPR.
Indication: Chronic stable angina, coronary artery disease, htn, vasospastic angina
Key/monitoring point: ADR: hypotension, HA, edema |
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Definition
Drug class: Ca channel blocker
Generic: Verapamil hydrochloride SR
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: Ca channel blocker --> inhibits transmembrane influx of Ca into arterial smooth muscle and myocardial cells w/o altering serum Ca concentrations. Causes vasodilation, reduces TPR
Indication: HTN, migraine prevention (NOT angina or arrythmias- use only IR formulation for these)
Key/monitoring point:C/I: sever left vent dysfn, hypotension, cardiogenic shock. Monitor: BP, hepatic and renal fn, abnormal prolongation of PR interval. ADR: hypotension, atrioventricular block, bradycardia, edema, dizzy, constipation. Counsel: Do not drink alcohol, DO NOT CRUSH/CHEW ER cap/tab. Can use sprinkle method for ER cap (Verelan and generic form). |
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Definition
Drug class: Ca channel blocker
Generic: Diltiazem
Dosage form: Oral Cap ER 24 h
MOA: Inhibits influx of Ca during membrane depolarization of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. Decreases peripheral resistance --> decreases BP
Indication: HTN, chronic stable angina, coronary artery spasm, OFF LABEL: prevent migrains
Key/monitoring point: Monitor renal and hepatic fn. Grapefruit juice may increase effect and plasma conc. ADR: edema, HA, dizzy, 1st degree av block, bradycardia |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Antihypertensive Combo
Generic: Amlodipine & Benazapril
Dosage form: Oral Caps
MOA: Amlodipine: inhibits Ca ion across cell membrane in systemic and Coronary vasc smooth muscle. Benazapril: competitive inhibtion of Ang I convervting enzyme --> potent vasoconstrictor, increases aldosterone
Indication: HTN,
Key/monitoring point:C/I in prego! ADR: HA, dizzy, hyperkalemia, cough (ACE inh, via increased bradykinin). Warning: angioedema, CV effects, hepatic effects. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: antihtn combo
Generic: Valsartan and HCTZ
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: Valsartan: antagonizes ang II by blocking Ang II from binding AT1 receptor. HCTZ: increases Cl, Na and H20 excretion in distal tubule
Indication: HTN
Key/monitoring point:c/i in prego. Sulfonamide allergy via HCTZ*** Warning: hyperuric acid, hypotension, electrolyte imbalances |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Antihypertensive combo
Generic: Olmesartan medoxomil & HCTZ
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: Olmesartan: blocks Ang II binding to AT1 receptor --> blocks Ang II effects. HCTZ: increases Cl, Na and water excretion via distal tubule.
Indication: HTN
Key/monitoring point: Do not use in 2nd/3rd trimester of prego. c/i in anuria. ADR: electrolyte imbalance, hyperglycemia, hyperuric acid, hypotension, ocular effects (hctz) Side effects: dizzy, rash, n, uti, hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Antihypertensive combo
Generic: Losartan potassium & HCTZ
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: Losartan: blocks ang II from binding AT1 receptor in vascular smooth muscle. HCTZ: ihnibits reabsorption of Na and Cl in early distal tubule
Indication: HTN
Key/monitoring point: Do not use in prego. C/I: anuria. ADR: hyperglycemia, electrolyte imbalance, ocular effects, hypotension, hypokalemia, upper resp tract infection |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: antihypertensive combo
Generic: Irbesartan + HCTZ
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: irbesartan: blocks Ang II from binding AT1 receptor. HCTZ: increases Cl, Na and water excretion via distal tubule
Indication: HTN
Key/monitoring point: C/I in anuria. Do not use in prego. ADR: hypotension, dizzy, HA, hypokalamia, increased BUN, myopathy, flu |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: AntiHTN combo
Generic: Lisinopril + HCTZ
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: Lisinopril: ACE Inhibitor HCTZ: increases Cl, Na and water excretion via distal tubule.
Indication: HTN
Key/monitoring point: C/I if hx of angioedema related to ACEinh use, hypersensitivity to sulfonamides ADR: hypotension, dizzy, ha, GI, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, cough, myopathy. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: ACE Inhibitor
Generic: Ramipril
Dosage form: oral cap
MOA: Inhibits Renin-angiotensin sys --> decreases BP
Indication: HF after MI, htn, reduce risk of MI, stroke, death from CV causes
Key/monitoring point: ADR: dizzy, HA, fatigue, asthenia, cough, angioedema BBW: Fetal toxicity*** |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: ACE inhibitor
Generic: lisinopril
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: inhibits renin-ang system --> decreased Ang II and aldosterone. Decreased vasopressor activity
Indication: acute MI, HF, HTN. Off label: prevent migraine
Key/monitoring point: hypotension and renal function impairment, cough, postinfarction angina, dizzy, HA. BBW: FETAL Toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: ACE inhibitor
Generic: Enalapril Maleate
Dosage form: oral tab and IV
MOA: prodrug. Inhibits ACE --> inhibits Ang II/aldosterone
Indication: Asymptomatic left ventricle dysfn, HF, HTN
Key/monitoring point:BBW: Fetal Toxicity.ADR: dizzy, fatigue, HA, hypotension, angioedema, hyperkalemia |
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Definition
Drug class: ACE inhibitor
Generic: quinapril
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: Inhibits ACE-- inhibits ang II.
Indication: HF, HTN, off label: pediatric htn
Key/monitoring point:BBW: Fetal toxicity. Monitor BP and renal function. ADR: dizzy, fatigue, HA, coughing, n/v, hypotension, angioedema, hyperkalemia |
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Definition
Drug class: Non-selective Beta blocker + alpha-adrenergic blocker
Generic: carvedilol
Dosage form: oral tab, oral Cap (ER)
MOA: non-selective beta blocker and alpha 1-adrenergic blocker (alpha activity causes vasodilation, reduces TPR, thereby decreasing BP)
Indication: HTN, CHF, Left vent dysfn after MI. OFF label: chonic stable angina, idiopathic cardiomyopathy, hiccups
Key/monitoring point: c/i in bronchial asthma; do not discontinue therapy abruptly;Beta blockers can mask signs of hypoglycemia; ADR: postural hypotension, asthenia, HA, fatigue, dizzy; Monitoring: blood glucose in pt taking insulin or oral hypoglycemicis |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Central Alpha-2-adrenergic agonist
Generic: Clonidine
Dosage form: oral tab, ER tab, transdermal, epidural soln
MOA: Agonist at presynaptic Alpha-2 receptors in the CNS --> reduces sympathetic outflow --> decreased TPR, renal vascular resistance --> decreased BP
Indication: ADHD (ER ONLY), HTN (IR and modified release); OFF label: alcohol withdrawal, ADHD (IR), diabetic diarrhea, diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, hot flashes...etc etc etc!!!
Key/monitoring point: MANY MANY off label uses. ADR: dry mouth, drowsy, dizzy, constipation, sedation. Do not discontinue abruptly, advise pt to not get dehydrated or overheated. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB)
Generic: Losartan
Dosage form: Oral tab
MOA: Losartan and its active metabolite bind AT1 receptor--> noncompetitive, reversible inhibition of AT1 --> decreases effects of Ang II
Indication: HTN, HTN w/ left vent hypertophy, nephropathy in TIIDM,
Key/monitoring point: BBW: teratogenic in prego. Do not take potassium supplement while on drug. ADR: orthostatic hypotension, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dizzy, back pain, nasal conestion, upper resp tract infection, asthenia, fatigue, edema |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: ARB
Generic: Irbesartan
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: competitive antagonist at AT1 receptor, decreasing Ang II, decreases BP
Indication: HTN, nephropathy in TIIDM
Key/monitoring point: BBW: fetal toxicity. ADR: diarrhea, dyspepsia, fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: ARB
Generic: Olmesartan
Dosage form: Oral tab
MOA: Blocks AT1 receptor --> decreases effects of Ang II --> decreases BP
Indication: HTN, OFF label: prevent migraines
Key/monitoring point: Assess renal fn, BP and volume status while starting, escalating or stopping medication. ADR: Dizzy, HA, GI, back pain, flu like symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: ARB
Generic: Valsartan
Dosage form: oral tab
MOA: Blocks AT1 --> decreases effects of Ang II --> decreases BP
Indication: HF, HTN, Post-MI
Key/monitoring point: BBW: fetal toxicity. Monitor renal function periodically. ADR: viral infection, fatigue, and abdominal pain, hypotension, dizzy |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Cardiac glycoside
Generic: Digoxin
Dosage form: tab, soln, injection
MOA: Inhibits Na/K ATPase --> increased intracellular Na and Ca --> increased force/velocity of systolic contractions, decreased sympaththtic and RAAS effects, slowing of HR and decreased conduction velocity via AV node
Indication: atrial fibrillation, heart failure
Key/monitoring point:C/I: ventricular fibrillaiton. Warning: decrease dose in renal impaired, Wolff-parkinson-white syndrome,may prolong PR interval and depress ST segment on ECG. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Cardiac glycoside
Generic: Digoxin
Dosage form: tab, soln, injection
MOA: Inhibits Na/K ATPase --> increased intracellular Na and Ca --> increased force/velocity of systolic contractions, decreased sympaththtic and RAAS effects, slowing of HR and decreased conduction velocity via AV node
Indication: atrial fibrillation, heart failure
Key/monitoring point:C/I: ventricular fibrillaiton. Warning: decrease dose in renal impaired, Wolff-parkinson-white syndrome,may prolong PR interval and depress ST segment on ECG. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Water soluble vitamin
Generic: Folic acid
Dosage form: oral tab, injection
MOA: stimulates production of rbc, wbc, and platelets
Indication: Megaloblastic anemia
Key/monitoring point: MUST RULE OUT pernicious anemia before treating patient with folic acid |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Electrolyte
Generic: Potassium chloride
Dosage form: CONTROLLED RELEAST TAB 10mEq ***in wax matrix
MOA:
Indication: Hypokalemia (tx and prevent)
Key/monitoring point: C/I severe renal impairment w/ oligoruia or azotemia, acute dehydration, K-sparing diuretics ADR: n/v, diarrhea, flatulence. Do not crush or chew tablets. Wax matrix can be found in stool. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: Electrolyte
Generic: Potassium chloride
Dosage form: ER tablet 20 mEq
MOA:
Indication:
Key/monitoring point:C/I severe renal impairment w/ oligoruia or azotemia, acute dehydration, K-sparing diuretics ADR: n/v, diarrhea, flatulence. Do not crush or chew tablets. |
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Term
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Definition
Drug class: water soluble vitamin
Generic: Niacin (vitamin B3)
Dosage form: Oral Tab ER
MOA:
Indication: Tx of niacin deficiency, Pellegra, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, prevent recurring MI, atherosclerotic disease,
Key/monitoring point: |
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