Term
| Brand Name: Lortab, Lorcet, Norco, Vicodin |
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Definition
Generic Name: hydrocodone/acetaminophen
Control Status: C-III |
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Term
| Brand Name: Tylenol w/ Codeine, Tylenol #3 |
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Definition
Generic Name: acetaminophen/codeine
Control Status: C-III |
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Term
| Brand Name: Roxicodone, Oxycontin |
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Definition
Generic Name: oxycodone (ER & IR)
Control Status: C-II |
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Term
| Brand Name: Percocet, Endocet |
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Definition
Generic Name: oxycodone/acetaminophen
Control Status: C-II |
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Term
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Definition
Generic Name: fentanyl
Control Status: C-II |
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Term
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Definition
Generic Name: hydromorphone
Control Status: C-II |
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Term
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Definition
Generic Name: morphine sulfate (CR)
Control Status: C-II |
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Term
| Brand Name: Ultram, Ryzolt |
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Definition
Generic Name: tramadol
Control Status: Not Scheduled |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad definition for any substance with abuse or addictive potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Derived from the term opiate referring to an opium plant. The opioid group includes naturally derived opiates (i.e. morphine) or those synthesized to have similar properties |
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Term
| Tramadol mechanism of action |
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Definition
| Weak opioid activity compared with morphine. Also works on similar receptors to antidepressants. Increases availability of norepinephrine and serotonin |
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Term
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Definition
Skin: Flushing & Itching (pruritis)
CNS: Dizziness, headache, drowsiness
GI: Constipation, nausea & vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| Use with caution in patients taking antidepressants or other drugs that increase serotonin |
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Term
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Definition
| Use caution when doing activities requiring alertness. Use with caution in patients with opioid hypersensitivity or addiction. May increase risk for seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| CONSTIPATION! Sedation, Nausea/vomiting, Itching (pruritis), Euphoria = intense happiness, Respiratory depression |
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Term
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Definition
If a patient has an allergy to a certain opioid it is important to know which opioids they can take:
Morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, oxycodone and hydrocodone may cross react with each other, Fentanyl may cross react with meperidine, Methadone will likely not cross react with any (FYI) |
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Term
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Definition
Chronic pain usually requires combination of long and short actingFentanyl very difficult to dose and should be managed only by experienced professionals (i.e. pain management pharmacists or medical teams)
Morphine (especially intravenous) also lowers blood pressure |
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Term
| Opioid patient counseling |
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Definition
Drowsiness - avoid heavy machinery
Avoid alcohol, May take with food to avoid nausea/vomiting, May be habit forming, Will likely cause constipation
Recommend plenty of water intake, Can recommend stool softener +/- laxative OTC
Do not CUT or CRUSH controlled release medications |
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Term
| Counseling for patch use (fentanyl) |
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Definition
| Apply to clean, dry, hair free area. Apply immediately after removal from sealed package. When taken off, fold upon itself and flush down toilet immediately. Wash hands after handling. Do not apply heat to patch. Apply to upper torso. Do NOT cut. Each patch lasts for 72 hours, then remove |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes 12 – 24 hours when first starting for medication to absorb and start working - Therefore must treat pain with other medications during that time |
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