Term
| What are 3 defensive response mechanisms of the immune system to foreign objects or tissue damage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 signs and/or symptoms of defensive response mechanisms of the immune system to foreign objects or tissue damage? |
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Definition
Redness
Pain/tenderness
Swelling
Warmth |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary signal warning individuals of a disease, condition or harmful situation |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain persisting for months to years |
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Term
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Definition
| Medication used to alleviate pain |
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Term
| What 3 things can cause a fever? |
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Definition
Infection
Inflammation
Tissue damage |
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Term
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Definition
| medication used to treat fever |
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Term
| Name 3 antipyretics used to treat fever |
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Definition
Ibuprofen (although all NSAIDs can treat fever)
Acetaminophen
Aspirin |
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Term
| Is Acetaminophen a NSAID? |
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Definition
| NO! It is usef for pain and fever, but has little anti-inflammatory activity. |
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Term
| What is the max dose for Acetominophen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 risks are associated with acetaminophen? |
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Definition
1. Liver toxicity: east to overdose by mistakenly taking multiple acetaminophen containing products.
2. Hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions (although rare) |
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Term
| Acetaminophen is available OTC in what forms? |
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Definition
| Alone as Tylenol and in several combination cough and cold products. |
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Term
| Acetaminophen is available by prescription only as what products? |
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Definition
(mostly combination pain medications)
Percocet
Lorcet
Tylenol #3
Ultracet |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Alalgesia (relief of pain)-especially associated with inflammation
-mild to moderate pain (alone)
-moderate to severe pain (with other pain meds)
2. Fever |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
COX-I -> Good
1. Protects gastrointestinal tract by creating pretective protsglandins
2. Produced in most tissues |
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Term
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Definition
COX-II -> Bad
1. Not produced normally in most tissues
2. Production is increased in the presence of inflammation and tissue damage
3. Forms prostaglandins that contribute to pain and inflammation |
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Term
| Name brand and generic name of the 4 NSAIDs |
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Definition
Brand Generic
Motrin Ibuprofen
Naprosyn Naproxen
Mobic Meloxicam
Celebrex Celecoxib |
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Term
| Describe what happends when NSAIDs block COX-I/ COX-II |
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Definition
| Stops the formation of Prostaglandins, which directly stops the inflammation and pain |
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Term
| Common gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions of NSAIDs (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| Common cardiovascular Adverse Reactions of NSAIDs (2) |
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Definition
increased blood pressure
increased fluid accumulation |
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Term
| Serious Adverse Reactions of NSAIDs (2) |
|
Definition
Gastrointestinal -> bleeding/ulceration
-due to direct GI irritation and decrease in prostaglandins
Kidney (renal) failure -> especially when combined with other meds that can damage kidneys |
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Term
| Avoid NSAIDs or moniter closely in patients with (6) |
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Definition
1. History of gastric/peptic ulcer disease or bleeding
2. High blood pressure (HTN)
3. Kidney disease (renal)
4. Elderly patients (>65 years)
5. Congestive heart failure
6. Cardiac diseases (heart attack, stroke, blood clot) |
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Term
Black Box Warning
Increased risk of fatality related to (3): |
|
Definition
1. Cardiovacular:
- thrombotic events (blood clots)
- myocardial infarction (heart attack)
- stroke
2. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG)
3. Gastrointestinal:
- bleeding
- ulceration
- perforation
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Term
| Why choose for COX-II selective medication? |
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Definition
Theory is to avoid COX-I inhibition to preserve GI protective prostaglandins.
- All but celecoxib (Celebrex) were removed from the market due to increase in CV events
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Term
| For Ibuprofen list the availability and selectivity |
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Definition
1. Availability: OTC (Advil, Motrin) & Rx
2. Selectivity: COX-I & COX-II
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Term
| For Naproxen list the availability and selectivity |
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Definition
1. Availability: OTC (Aleve) & Rx
2. Selectivity:COX-I & COX-II |
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Term
| For Meloxicam list the availability and selectivity |
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Definition
1. Rx only
2. COX-II > COX-I |
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Term
| For Celecoxib list the availability and selectivity |
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Definition
1. Availability: Rx only
2. Selectivity: COX-II selective |
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Term
| List 5 things you as a pharmacist should counsel patients on: |
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Definition
1. Take with food to decrease GI effects
2. Tell pharmacist/physician when taking aspirin
3. Do not take more than recommended maximum dose
4. Do not take with alcohol -> may increase GI effects
5. Those with high blood pressure should monitor at home while taking |
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Term
| What is the pediatric fever dosing for Ibuprofen (Motrin)? |
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Definition
1. Temp< 102.5 F = 5mg/kg/dose every 6 to 8 hrs
2. Temp> 102.5 F = 10 mg/kg/dose every 6 to 8 hrs
DO NOT EXCEED 40 mg/kg/day |
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Term
| How many pounds (lbs) are in 1 kg? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the available pediatric formulations of Ibuprofen for fever dosing? |
|
Definition
Children's suspension = 100 mg/5 mL
Infants suspension (drops) = 40 mg/mL |
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Term
| What is the pediatric fever dosing for Acetaminophen (Tylenol)? |
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Definition
10-15 mg/kg/dose every 4 to 6 hours
Do not exceed 5 doses/day or 2.6 grams/day |
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Term
| For fever dosing of acetaminophen (Tylenol) what are the available pediatric formulations? |
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Definition
Children's solution = 160 mg/5 mL
Infant's solution (drops) = 80 mg/ 0.8 mL |
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Term
| What is the pharmacological classification of Aspirin (ASA)? |
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Definition
Anti-inflammatory analgesic (similar to NSAIDs)
Platelet inhibitor |
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Term
| Indications for need of Aspirin (ASA) use (3) |
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Definition
Pain
Prevention and treatment in cardiac diseases (heart attack, stroke, after cardiac stent placement)
Fever |
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Term
| What is the dosing for Aspirin (ASA) |
|
Definition
Low dose (cardiac) - 75-325 mg daily
High dose (pain/fever)- 325-1000 mg every 4 to 6 hours (max 4g/day) |
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Term
| What are the side effects for Aspirin (ASA) |
|
Definition
Bleeding! & GI ulceration
Reye's syndrome (AVOID IN CHILDREN) |
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Term
| Name the Brand and Generic name for tylenol |
|
Definition
Brand: Tylenol
Generic: Acetaminophen |
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