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| semiautonomous tribal units which were bound to the ruling family of the Yamato group by mythological ties and real or fictitious bonds of kinship. They had their own chiefs and their own shrines. Each also controlled a number of subordinate uji and pseudo-family groupings of farmers, fishermen, weavers, and other types of workers. |
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| a collection of uji who joined together, keeping all respective gods. They would honor the gods by festivals called Matsuri. They were also a unit of local government. |
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| leaders of the Han and were appointed by the shogun. Territorial lords who ruled over holdings with an assessed productive capacity of ten thousand or more koku of rice during the early modern era. |
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| a warrior; more specifically, a warrior with the privilege of personal attendance upon his lord. |
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| a bloody and forceful consolidator who was known for his brutality; “kill the bird” |
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| Second of three men who consolidated Japan after the fall of the Ashigaka shogunate. Peasant general whole lineage cost him the shogunate. His family lost power to Tokugawa at the Battle of Sekigahara. Restricted swords to samurai only. He invaded Korea; this policy was abandoned at his death. |
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| known for waiting. He was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868 |
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| located along the eastern coast of the country. It was first given to Tokugawa by Hideyoshi and then Tokugawa gave it to his family. This is also where the families of the daimyo lived. The daimyo were required to visit their families on a bi-annual basis (alternate attendance). It was the best place to grow rice, and back then rice was a symbol of wealth (Koku - 5 bushels of rice; enough to feed a man for one year). Edo became the social, cultural, economic, and political center of Japan. |
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| BATTLE OF SEKIGAHARA (October 1, 1600) |
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| one day battle that determined the course of Japan for the next 200 years. Tokugawa had 80,000 troops and defeated his opponent. By winning he took over a lot of land and redistributed it. Edo remained the capital city and the best land was saved for his family while the outskirts of the country were given to his enemies. |
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| head of shogunate (tent government) that wielded military and police powers designed to complement civil authority; the Tokugawa family held the post from 1603 to 1868 and expanded the powers of the office so that the shogun became a national hegemon who administered the affairs of the nation. |
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| the government of Tokugawa. The shogun's officials were as a collective the bakufu, and were those who carried out the actual duties of administration while the Imperial court retained only nominal authority. Basically enforced the national laws and were administrators for Tokugawa’s Han. |
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| was a policy of the shogunate during most of the Edo period of Japanese history. The purpose was to control the daimyo. In adopting the policy, the shogunate was continuing and refining similar policies of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. |
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| a road built for the Daimyo to visit their families who had been moved to Edo. The stations located along the road had a few uses; both to collect small taxes as well as to keep track of the Daimyo’s progress and position. All trips were made by rooms carried by many men because Tokugawa didn’t allow the trips to be made by wheeled vehicles. |
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| TERAKOYA (TEMPLE SCHOOLS) |
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| a privately run school in the early modern era. By the 1860s about 50% of the country was literate |
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| hereditary outcast families that tanned animal hides and fashioned then into equipment used by samurai in the early modern period; lived in segregated communities, often on the outskirts of a castle town; preferred to be known as leather workers. |
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| a group of five families. If a member of one family does something wrong, all five families must face the repercussions. |
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| artificial island build by the Japanese. The Japanese didn’t want foreigners and this was the only place where foreigners were allowed to stay (mostly Dutch). The Dutch were forced to rent the land from the Japanese who subsequently tell them what to do. The only way to get in and out of Japan was through a single bridge connecting the island to the country. All foreign incoming ships had to dock here. |
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| mutual respect and responsibility. The ruler is expected to do a good job and the citizens are expected to abide by the rules. |
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| a set of rules made specifically for the samurai and was a way of restraining the samurai; loyalty, stoicism, courage, bravery, and submission |
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| main duty was to entertain. They did this by having conversations to make the samurai happy. |
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| theatre; themes were usually history related. The plays usually lasted all day and the audience would converse and mingle throughout the performance. |
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| people dressed in all black move around puppets. The audience is not supposed to see the men in black. |
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| fat ass gooks throwing each other around in strange underwear |
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| The British paid India to grow opium. The British didn’t want to give it to their own people because they knew the side affects to they shipped it to China. After a while, China outlawed opium and this started a war with the British. The Chinese were forced to sign an unequal treaty. The first opium war was in 1839. As a result of this war, Japan decided they needed to make a change (their swords weren’t cutting it). Because Americans kept getting killed by the Japanese while whaling off the coast of Japan, Millard Filmore writes a letter and sends it with a man named Matthew Perry and it is taken to Edo Bay along with four warships. The letter is delivered to the shogun who is given a year to decide what to do. The shogun loses all respect by asking the daimyo for their opinions and also receives a bunch of answers. By this point Edo has become the social, political, cultural, and economic center of Japan. In the end, the shogun decides to sign the treaty (Gun Boat Treaty). The Japanese had to open two ports. Shortly after, the British burn down a Chinese temple and the Japanese decide to sign a treaty of peace and commerce. |
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| taxes of goods shipped into a country |
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| if the Chinese were to make concessions to any Western country, they would have to make the same “deal” with the British. |
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| part of the unequal treaties; foreigners living in China did not have to abide by the Chinese laws. This was later imposed in Japan. This places the host country in a semi-colonial status and leads to a loss of sovereignty. |
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| general name for the study of Western science, medicine, and mathematics in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; most texts available to Japanese were written in Dutch or translated from other European languages into Dutch. |
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| TREATY OF PEACE AND AMITY |
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| maintained the prohibition on trade but opened three ports (Nagasaki, Shimoda, Hakodate) to American whaling ships seeking provisions, guaranteed good treatment to shipwrecked American sailors, and allowed a United States consul to take up residence in Shimoda, a seaport on the Izu Peninsula, southwest of Edo. |
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| two of the ports that were opened after the signing of the Treaty of Peace and Amity |
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| TREATY OF PEACE AND COMMERCE |
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| The same as the unequal treaties. Five more ports are opened (Edo, Yokohama, Niigata, Kobe, and Osaka) and Japan is now open to foreign trade |
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| a battle cry meaning “revere the emperor; expel the barbarians”. It established an alternative to the Tokugawa regime. |
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| the second wealthiest of the Han (had a monopoly on sugar cane). They wanted to destroy the Tokugawa Shogunate as well as get rid of foreigners and return the emperor to power. A samurai kills a British man names Charles Richardson and this upsets the British. They demand a lot of money for the murder but the Japanese don’t comply so the British send forces to Satsuma and destroy it. The Japanese respond by sending some of their people to study the British navy ships. |
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| the ninth wealthiest of the Han. They were rich because they saved all of their money in case of an emergency, but one never arose (nurturing office). Choshu and Satsuma formed an alliance and send the shogun back to Edo. They told the shogun that they were done, and the Tokugawa shogunate fell. |
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| ritual performed by samurai when a dishonor was performed. First step was to write a death poem, then to cut the stomach open, and finally for a friend to decapitate the person. |
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| the national religion of Japan. It has its roots from Buddhism. |
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| “the divine winds” that twice destroyed invading Mongolian fleets in the late thirteenth century, reinforcing the belief that Shinto deities protected Japan. |
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