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Position closer to the median plane of the bosy or of a structure, toward the middle or median plane.
EXAMPLE: The medial surface of the leg is the inside surface |
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Opposite of medial, moving away from the median. Position farther away from the medial plane. On the side or toward the side away from the median plane, or pertaining to the side of the body.
EXAMPLE: The lateral surface of the leg is the o/s surface |
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Towards the backbone & vertabrea. Back area of the quadruped or denoting a position more toward the back (Upward). ↑
EXAMPLE: The backbone is dorsal to the belly |
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Away from the vertebrea and backbone. Pertaining to the belly or underside denoting a position more toward the belly. (Downward) ↓
EXAMPLE: The kidneys are ventral to the backbone |
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Situated beneth the surface; not superficial. (when talking about an area).
EXAMPLE: The arm bone is the deepest point in the arm |
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Near the surface; not deep. (When talking about an area)
EXAMPLE: Arm hair is the most superficial point in the arm |
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Towards the vertebreal bone. Nearest the center of the body relative to another part or location on a body part, relative to another more distant location. The referance point being the middle of the body.
EXAMPLE: The femur is proximal to the tibia & the upper part of the humerus is the proximal part.
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Towards the foot. Farthest from the center of the body relative to another body part. Or a location on a body party relative to another closer location.
EXAMPLE: The tibia is distal to the femur & the ower part of the humerus is the distal part |
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Movement in the direction.
EXAMPLE: Dorsad=Moving towards the back |
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| The flection or caudal surface of the forlimb distal to the elbow. The caudal surface of the front leg from the carpus to the phalanges. Includes the bottom surface of the front foot. |
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| The caudal surface to the hindlimbs distal to the hock. The caudal surface of the hind leg from the hock to the phalanges. Includes the bottom surface of the hind foot. |
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| The study of the body structres visible to the naked eye. Science that deals with form & structure of an organism. |
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| Functions of body parts, cells & systems. Mechanisms. |
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CRANIAL= Head end of the body.
EXAMPLE: The head is cranial to the tail.
ANTERIOR = Toward the front or head end of the bpdy
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Tail end of the body or denoting position more toward the tail or rear of the body than some other refernace point.
EXAMPLE: The tail is caudal to the head |
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| An imaginary line down the middle of the animal. It devides the body into L & R halves equally |
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Sagittal Plane & Paramedian Plane |
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| It is parallel to the median plane & also divides the body into L & R parts but not equally |
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| Imaginary line that runs at a right angle to the median plane. It divides the body cranially & caudally; not necessarily in 1/2 divisions. Also divides the leg into upper & lower parts |
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| Right angles to transversal plane & median plane. Creates dorsal & ventral: Pertaining to the forehead, or the area of the head above the eyes where the frontal bone & frontal sinuses are located |
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Prone (Ventral Recumbency)
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| Ventral body face down on table. To lie face down in ventral recumbency. |
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Supine (Dorsal Recumbeny)
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| Dorsal body face up on table. To lie face up, in dorsal recumbency. |
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