Term
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
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Definition
Type: Epithelial
Description: single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei.
Location: kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surfaces
Fuction: secretion and absorption |
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Term
| Simpel Columnar Epithelium |
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Definition
Type: Epithelial
Description: single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei: some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands.
Location: non-ciliated type lines most of the digestive tract, gall bladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus.
Fuction: absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus by ciliary action. |
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Term
| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium |
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Definition
Type: Epithelial
Description: single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain goblet cells and bear cilia.
Location: non-ciliated type in ducts of large glands, parts of male urethra; ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract.
Fuction: secretion, particularly of mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action. |
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Term
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
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Definition
Type: Stratified Epithelial
Description: think membrane composed of several layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are flattened; in the keratinized type, the surface cells are full of keratine and ead; basal cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers.
Location: nonkeratinized type forms the moist linings of the esophogus, mouth and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of the skin and dry membrane.
Fuction: protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abraision. |
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Term
| Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium |
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Definition
Type: Stratified Epithelial
Description: generally two layers of cube-like cells
Location: largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands.
Fuction: protection |
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Term
| Stratified Columnar Epithelium |
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Definition
Type: Stratified Epithelial
Description: several cell layers; basal cells usually cuboidal; superficial cells elongated and columnar
Location: rare in the body; small amounts in the male urethra and in large ducts of some glands
Fuction: protection; secretion |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Stratified Epithelial
Description: resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or clumnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamous-like, depending on the degree of organ stretch
Location: lines the ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra
Fuction: stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by containing urine. |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Embryonic Ceonnective Tissue
Description: all connective tissues come from this main tissue type. Gel-like ground substance containing fibers; star-shaped mesenchymal cells give rise to connective tissue.
Location: Embryo
Fuction: gives rise to all other connective tissue types. |
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Term
| Areolar Connective Tissue |
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Definition
Type: connective Tissue (loose)
Description: gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and some white blood cells.
Location: widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g. forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries.
Fuction: wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Connective Tissue (loose)
Description: matrix as in areolar, but very sparce; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells have nuceus pushed to the side by large fat droplet.
Location: under skin; around kidnes and eyeballs; in bones and within abdomen; in breasts.
Function: provides reserve food fuel; insulator against heat loss; supports and protects organs. |
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Term
| Reticular Connective Tissue |
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Definition
Type: Connective Tissue (loose)
Description: network of reticular fibers ina typical loose ground substance; reticular cells predominate
Location: lymphoid organs
Fuction: fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types |
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Term
| Dense Regular Conenctive Tissue |
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Definition
Type: Connective Tissue (dense)
Description: primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastin fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast.
Location: tendons, most ligaments, aoneuroses
Fuction: attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction |
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Term
| Dense Irregular connective Tissue |
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Definition
Type: Connective Tissue (Dense)
Description: primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is fibroblast
Location: dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract; fibrous capsules of organs and of joints.
Fuction: able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strenght. |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Cartilage
Description: amorphous but firm matrix; collagen fibers form an imperceptible network; chondroblasts produce the matrix and when mature die in lacunae
Location: forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers teh ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages fo the nose, trachea, and the larynx.
Function: Supports and reinforces; has resilient cushioning properties; resists compressive stress. |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Cartilage
Description: similar to hayaline, but more elastic fibers in matrix
Location: supports the external ear; epiglottis
Fuction: maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Cartilage
Description: matrix similar but less firm than in hayaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate
Location: intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint
Fuction: tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Osseous Tissue
Description: hard, calcified matrix containing many colalgen fibers, osteocytes lie in lacunae; very well vascularized
Location: bones
Function: bone supports and protects; provides levers for muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fats; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Blood
Description: red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
Location: contained within blood vessels
Function: transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes and other substances. |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Nervous Tissue
Description: Neurons are branching cells; cell proceses that may be quite long, extending from the nucleus-containing cell body; also contributing to nervous tissue are nonirritable supporting cells
Location: brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Function: transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effects which control their activity |
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Term
| Simple Squamous Epithelium |
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Definition
Type: Epithelial
Description: single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped celtral nuclei and sparce cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelial
Location: kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity
Function: allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important. |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Muscle Tissue
Description: long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations.
Location: in skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin
Function: voluntary movemetn; locamotion, manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Muscle Tissue
Description: branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigate at specialized junctions.
Location: the walls of the heart
Function: as it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control |
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Term
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Definition
Type: Muscle Tissue
Description: spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei; cells arranged closely to form sheets; no striations
Location: mostly in the walls of hollow organs
Function: propels substances or objects along internal passageways; involuntary control |
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