Term
What does the thyroid do? |
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Definition
Controls how quickly the body burns energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body should be to other hormones. |
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Term
Which is more common, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
Hypothyroidism is more common and can occur in all age groups.
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Term
Which hormones does the thyroid produce? |
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Definition
Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) |
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Term
T3 and T4 are both formed from? |
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Definition
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Term
Describe the normal functioning of the thyroid gland |
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Definition
thyroid - stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the secretion of thyroxine (T4), which is converted to T3 (which is 4x more potent than T4).
T4 inhibits the secretion of TSH; thus a negative feedback loop is created. |
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Term
Describe the hormone levels in hypothyroidism |
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Definition
Hypothyroidism: low T4, hight TSH |
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Term
Describe hormone levels in hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
Hyperthyroidism: high T4, low TSH |
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Term
The most commone cause of hypothyroidim is? |
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Definition
Hashimoto's Disease, an autoimmune condition in which a patient's antibodies attack their thyroid gland.
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Term
What are the two drugs common for causing hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
Diagnosis for hypothyroidism (lab values) |
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Definition
Low free thyroxine (FT4): normal range 0.8 - 3.0 uIU/mL
High thyroid stimulaitng hormone (TSH): normal range 0.3 - 3.0 uIU/mL
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Term
Describe pergnancy and hypothyroidism |
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Definition
Levothyroxine is FDA pregnancy category A. Pregnant women with thyroid hormone deficiency or TSH elevation during pregnancy may have children at risk of impairment in their intellectual function and motor skills. Pregnancy women being treated with thyroid hormone replacement require a 30 - 50% increase in the levothyroxine dose. |
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Term
Levothyroxine is T3 or T4? |
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Definition
T4
Though, T4 is ultimately converted to T3 (the more active form) |
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Term
Brand name for levothyroxine |
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Definition
Synthroid, Levothroid, Levoxyl |
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Term
Pregnancy category of levothyroxine |
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Definition
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Term
Levothyroxine is preferred b/c of? |
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Definition
once-daily dosing, is inexpensive, and has more uniform potency |
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Term
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Definition
Statement. Not a question. |
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Term
Basically, take this medication by itself seperate from other medications due to drug interactions that decrease the drugs absorption. |
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Definition
Statement. Not a question. |
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Term
How should levothyroxine be taken? |
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Definition
On an empty stomach with a full glass of water 30 minutes before breakfast. |
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Term
What are some "aesthetic" indiations of hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
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Term
What can hyperthyroidism lead to? |
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Definition
tachycardia, arrhythmias, heart failure and osteoporosis. |
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Term
Should thyroid hormone be used to lose weight? |
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Definition
No on should be using thyroid hormone to lose weight - they will be irritable (obnoxious) and can end up with severe cardiac complications. |
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Term
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
Grave's disease; which tends to occur in females in the 30s and 40s. It's an autoimmue disease in which one's own antibodies stimulate the thyroid gland. |
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Term
Name the most common drugs that can cause hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
iodine; amiodarone; interferons |
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Term
The general treatment of treating hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
Destorying all or part of the gland via radioactive iodine (RAI - 131) or surgery. |
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Term
Treatment of choice in Grave's disease |
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Definition
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Term
Role of beta blockers in treating hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
Symptom control (to reduce palpitations, tremor and tachycardia).
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Term
PTU or _______ can be used as a temporary measure untill surgery is complete (in hyperthyroidism). |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormone by blocking the oxidation of iodine in the thyroid gland; PTU also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. |
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Term
Propythiouracil (PTU) typical daily dosing? |
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Definition
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Term
PTU has black box warning for? |
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Definition
liver damage, be seen at once if develop yellow skin, hih fever, or severe sore throat. |
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Term
Can PTU be used in pregnant women to treat hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
Caution in pregnant women (preg cat D): PTU for women trying to conceive or in 1st trimester - change to methimazole for 2nd and 3rd trimesters. |
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Term
Brand name for methimazole |
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Definition
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Term
If PTU and methimazole help treat hyperthyoridism, then why have surgery? |
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Definition
Main shortcomming: have to be taken for life, if stopped at all symptoms reappear - for this reason most get more permanent treatment (surgery). |
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Term
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Definition
Statement. Not a question.
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Term
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Definition
Thyroid storm is rare but serious and can happen in patients with hyperthyroidism, due to a particularly stressful event (infection, MI, diabetes, childbirth) and occasionally due to lack of treatment. It can also be due to extreme emotional stress. Thyroid storm can be fatal; patients with hyperthyroidism will need to try and live as stree - free as possible and should be able to recognize the symptoms of thyroid storm. They should understand that this is a medical emergency. |
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Term
Clincial signs and symptoms of thyroid storm |
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Definition
Fever (> 103 degrees F)
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Profuse sweating
Agitation
Psychosis
Coma
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Term
Treatments for thyroid storm |
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Definition
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