Term
| what are the two pleural recesses? |
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Definition
| costomediastinal and costodiaphragmatic recesses |
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Term
what is a tension pneumothorax?
how can it affect the heart? |
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Definition
air gets into the lungs with each breath, lung collapses
pushes down on the heart, preventing it from filling and causing hypotension |
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Term
| what is the three part of the left lung? |
|
Definition
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Term
| pathway of the bronchial tree |
|
Definition
| trachea --> main bronchus --> lobar bronchus --> segmental bronchus --> bronchioles |
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Term
| what dilates and constricts the bronchioles, respectively? |
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Definition
| sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, respectively (part of the pulmonary plexus) |
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Term
what muscles do we use to inspire (principal and accessory)?
to expire? |
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Definition
principal - ext. intercostals and diaphragm
accessory - sternocleidomastoid and scalenes
to expire actively --> int. intercostals and abdominal muscles |
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Term
| esophagus location and innervation |
|
Definition
descends on anterior bodies of vertebrae
innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic (anterior vagal trunk and posterior vagal trunk) |
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Term
| what veins run on the right and left sides of vertebrae, respectively? |
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Definition
right - azygos
left - hemiazygos (receives lower 4 posterior intercostal veins) and accessory hemiazygos (receives middle 4) |
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