Term
| The skeleton of anterior thoracic wall consists of? |
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Definition
| sternum, ribs and their costal cartilages |
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Term
| sternm (breastbone) consists of |
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Definition
| manubrium, body and xiphoid process |
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Term
| the manubrium is anterior to what vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| what part of the sternum is used to collect bone marrow? |
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Definition
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Term
| the xiphoid process is at the level of what vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the sternal angle |
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Definition
| the manubriosternl joint which is b/n the manubrium and body, it indicates the level of the 2nd costal cartilages. |
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Term
| the sternal angle indicates the level of what IV disc? and is useful in counting what? |
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Definition
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Term
| the xiphisternal joint, indicates the level of what? |
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Definition
| diaphragm and therefore inferior limit of the thoracic cavity anteriorly. |
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Term
| how many true ribs are there? |
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Definition
| 7 pairs with costal cartilage articulating with the sternum. |
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Term
| How many pairs of false ribs? |
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Definition
| 5, ribs 8-10 have costal cartilage the articulate with costal cartilage above. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2, 11 & 12 end in the musculature of the abdominal wall; |
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Term
| typical ribs, 3-9, have what features? |
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Definition
| head, neck, tubercle, shaft. |
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Term
| what does the head of a typical rib articulate with? |
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Definition
| the bodies of 2 vertebrae and the intervening IV disc. |
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Term
| the facet on of the tubercle of a typical rib is for what? |
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Definition
| articulation with the transevese process of the lower of the 2 vertebrae with which the head articulates. |
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Term
| what is important about the shaft of a typical rib? |
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Definition
| it abruptly changes its curvature and twists at the posteriolateral angle; inferiorly has a costal groove for intercostal vessels & nerves |
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Term
| what are intercostal spaces? |
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Definition
| intervals b/n adjacent ribs |
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Term
| what are the intercostal spaces filled with? |
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Definition
| 3 layers of intercostal muscles-external, internal, and intermost and interxostal vessels and nerves. |
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Term
| External intercostal muscle run in what direction? and how is it completed to the sternum? |
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Definition
| obliquely downward and forward. are present i nthe intersoctal space to costochondral junction anteriorly. layer is completed to the sternum by the trnsparent external intercostal membrane. |
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Term
| what are the middle layer of intercostal muscles? |
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Definition
| internal intercostal muscles |
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Term
| how are the internal intercostal muscles oriented? |
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Definition
| perpendicular to the external intercostl muscles, running obliquely superiomedially. |
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Term
| In what direction do the internal intercostal muscles extend to the sterrnum? and what are they visible through? |
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Definition
| extend to the sternum anteriorly and are visable through the external intercostal membranes. |
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Term
| what direction do the innermost intercostal muscles run and what are they considered? |
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Definition
| they have the same fiber orientation as the internal intercostal muscles and are considered the deep part of the internal intercostal muscles. |
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Term
| the innermost intercostal layer are considered discontinuous and membranous areas separate these components, what are the 3 parts? |
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Definition
| laterally- innermost intercostal muscles. posteriorly- subcostal muscles. anteriorly-transversus thoracis muscles. |
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Term
| what separates the internal intercostal layer from the innermost? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the functions of the intercostal muscles? |
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Definition
| debated, but at very least they prevent the intercostal spaces from buldging out during expiration (when there is positive/increased intrathoracic pressure) and being sucked inward during insppiration (when there is negative/decreased intra-thoracic pressure) They also maintain the spacing of the ribs |
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Term
| Intercostal nerves are from what spinal nerves? |
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Definition
| anterior rami of spinal nerves T1-11 |
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Term
| what do the intercostal nerves supply? |
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Definition
| motor innervation to the intercostal muscles and provide cutaneous innervtion to the anterior and lateral body wall |
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Term
| what spinal nerve is the subcostal nerve from? |
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Definition
| the anterior rami of T12, below the 12th rib. |
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Term
| where do the anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves emerge into superficial fascia? |
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Definition
| just lateral to the sternum |
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Term
| where do the cutaneious branches of intercostal nerves pierce the intercostal and serratus anterior muscles at? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the abdomen and what does it consist of? |
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Definition
| it's the region of the trunk b/n the thorax and pelvis. It consists of a musculr abdominal wall and the vertebral column enclosing a large abdominal cavity. |
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Term
| what is the upper part of the abdominal cavity enclosed by? why? |
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Definition
| due to the dome-shaped diaphragm, convex superiorly, the upper part of the abdominal cavity is enclosed by the lower thoracic skeleton |
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Term
| what is the lower part of the abdominal cavity enclosed by? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the order of structures in the costal groove of the superior rib from above down? |
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Definition
| (VAN) intercostal vein, artery, nerve |
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Term
| where at the intercostal arteries from posteriorly? |
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Definition
| they are posterior intercostal arteries from the thoracic aorta, except for intercostal spaces 1-2, which come from a branch of the bubclavian artery. |
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Term
| where are the intercostal arteries from anteriorly? |
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Definition
| they are anterior intercostal arteries to intercostal spaces 1-6 from the internal throracic arteries and to spaces 1-10 from the musculophrenic branches of the internal thoracic arteries. |
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Term
| the abdominal cavity is bounded by what? |
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Definition
| inferiorly bounded by the wing of the ilium on each side, and muscles of the anterior abdominal wall attach to the iliac crests laterally and the pubic bones anteriorly. |
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Term
| where is the abdominal wall? |
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Definition
| b/n the rib cage and hip bone. |
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Term
| what is the abdominal wall formed by? |
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Definition
| 3 layers of muscle corresponding the those in the intercostal spaces of the thorax. |
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Term
| the most superfical layer of abdominal wall muscles is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| the external oblique has a flat tendon called what? what's it extend to and help form? |
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Definition
| external oblique aponeurosis extends to the midline and helps to form the anterior layer of the sheath for the rectus abdominus muscles. |
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