Term
| 13 autosomal recessive disorders |
|
Definition
cystic fibrosis
phenylketonuria
albinism
a1 AT deficiency
thallassemias
glycogen storage diseases
mucopolysaccharidoses (- hunter)
sphingolipidoses (- fabray)
PCKD (infant)
hemochromatosis
chediak higashi
bernard soulier
glanzmanns |
|
|
Term
| 13 autosomal dominant disorders |
|
Definition
familial hypercholesterolemia
familial polyposis coli
spherocytosis
von willebrand disease
ehlers danlos syndrome
marfan syndrome
achondroplasia
NF1 - von recklinghausen
NF2 - acoustic neuroma
tuberous sclerosis
von hippel lindau
huntingtons disease
PCKD (adult) |
|
|
Term
| 12 X-linked recessive disorders |
|
Definition
hemophilia A (VIII)
hemophilia B (IX)
G6PDH decifiency
fragile X syndrome
fabray
lesch nyhan
duchenne
becker
burtons ammaglobulinemia
wiskott aldrich
chronic granulomatous
hunters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cri di chat (5p)
retinoblastoma (13q)
Prader Willi (15q11-13 paternal)
Angelman (15q11-13 maternal) |
|
|
Term
| 2 x-linked dominant disorders |
|
Definition
hypophosphatemic rickets
incontinentia pigmenti |
|
|
Term
| 1 mitochondrial inheritance disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cystic fibrosis: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
defect in Cl transmembrane movement in epithelial cells
meconium ileus, viscous mucous, recurrent respiratory infections (<6mo S. aureus, >6mo pseudomonas), NaCl in sweat and tears, pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, malnutrition
AR |
|
|
Term
| phenylketonuria: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
- phenylalanine hydroxylase
unable to metabolize phenylalanine, thus cannot make melanin or NE/Epi/DOPA
phenylketones build up
neurotoxicity, lighter complexion, mental retardation
AR |
|
|
Term
| albinism: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
- tyrosinase, unable to make melanin
hypopigmentation
AR |
|
|
Term
| a1-AT deficiency: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
unable to inhibit elastase causing emphysema
builds up in liver causing cirrhosis
AR |
|
|
Term
| glycogen storage diseases and their inheritance |
|
Definition
AR
von girke, pompe, mcardle |
|
|
Term
| mucopolysaccharidoses and their inheritance |
|
Definition
hurler, scheie - AR
hunter - XR |
|
|
Term
| sphingolipidoses and their inheritance |
|
Definition
neimann pick, gauchers, keabbes, tay sacs, metachromatic dystrophy - AR
fabray - XR |
|
|
Term
| polycystic kidney disease (infant): signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
non functional kidney and liver cysts lead to failure
fatal
AR |
|
|
Term
| hematochromatosis: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
SI takes up excess Fe
deposits in liver, pancreas, heart, skin
cirrhosis, DM 1 like, cardiomyopathy, bronze skin
AR |
|
|
Term
| chediak higashi: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
WBC have abnormal microtubules (falty movement, lysosomes, granules)
recirrent infection, lymphoid cancers, albinism, neuropathy
AR |
|
|
Term
| bernard soulier: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
AR
lack of Gp1b for platelet adhesion to vWF
bleeding |
|
|
Term
| glanzmann's thrombasthenia |
|
Definition
excessive bleeding
AR
lack of Gp2b3a for platelet to platelet adhesion |
|
|
Term
| familial hypercholesterolemia: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
abnormal LDL receptor so unable to process LDL in the liver
AD
athlerosclerosis, CAD, stroke, PVD, mesenteric ischemia |
|
|
Term
| familial polyposis coli: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
AD
thousands of colon polyps and cancer |
|
|
Term
| spherocytosis: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
- spectrin causes round RBC that are eaten in spleen causing anemia
AD |
|
|
Term
| von willebrand disease: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
bleeding
-vWF so cannot bind Gp1b and factor VIII
AD |
|
|
Term
| ehlers danlos: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
abnormal collagen or elastin
hyperextensible skin, joints, valve disorders |
|
|
Term
| marfan syndrome: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
- fibrillin causes defective microfibrils in CT
tall, thin, ectopic lentis, aortic dilation and aneurysm, archnodactyly, mitralvalve prolapse
AD |
|
|
Term
| achondroplasia: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
decreased chondrocyte proliferation in growth plate of long bones
short limbs and digits, early epiphyseal ossification, torso and head normal size
AD |
|
|
Term
| NF1: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
AD loss of NF1 tumor supressior gene
neurofibromas
optic nerve gliomas
pigmented nodules in iris (lisch nodules)
cafe au lait spots
axillary freckling - pathopneumonic |
|
|
Term
| NF2: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
AD loss of NF2 tumor supressor
BL schwannomas
meningiomas
hearing deficits |
|
|
Term
| tuberous sclerosis: signs |
|
Definition
harmatomas: benign brain tumor, potato
cysts: liver, kidney, pancreas
MR
facial angiofibromas
shagreens patches: leathery yellow, sacrum
ash leaf pathches: leaf like hypopigmented |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high risk renal cell CA (polycythemia, high AP)
caipllary hemangiomas in cerebellum and retina
cysts: liver, kidney, pancreas |
|
|
Term
| huntingtons disease: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
CAG repeat on CH 4
degeneration of caudate, putamen, frontal cortex
30-40yo, chorea, psych, cognitive decline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
renal cysts
berry aneurysms -> subarachnoid hemorrhages |
|
|
Term
| hemophilia A: cause, inheritance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hemophilia B: cause, inheritance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| G6PDH deficiency: cause, inheritance |
|
Definition
cant get rid of ROS in RBC
hemolysis when stressed
XR |
|
|
Term
| fragile X syndrome: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
structural defect in CH X, CGG repeat with anticipation, XR
MR, large ears and jaw, macroorchidism, 50% female carriers have MR |
|
|
Term
| fabray disease: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
- a galactosidase A
sphingolipidosis
XR
angiokeratomas (wart with telangestica), renal failure, NO CNS DISEASE |
|
|
Term
| lesch nyhan: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
- HGPRT causes increase in uric acid because it cannot be recycled
XR
leads to self mutilation |
|
|
Term
| duchenne: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
- dystrophin leads to muscle atrophy, high CK, proximal muscle weakness first
XR |
|
|
Term
| becker: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
duchenne but less severe, longer before muscle atrophies
decreased dystrophin
XR |
|
|
Term
| burtons ammaglobulinemia: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
low or absent MATURE B cells
recurrent bacterial infections
XR |
|
|
Term
| wiskott aldrich: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
otitis media, eczema, thrombocytopenia, IgM dysfunction
XR |
|
|
Term
| chronic granulomatous disease: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
granulomas form because neutrophils and macrophages cant kill substance
HSN IV |
|
|
Term
| hunters: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
mucopolysaccharidoses
XR
MR, gargoyle faces |
|
|
Term
| cri di chat: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
5p deletion
high pitched cat like cry
microcephaly
MR |
|
|
Term
| retinoblastoma: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
malignant retinal tumor of childhood
13q deletion |
|
|
Term
| prader willi: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
15q11-13 paternal deletion
hypotonicity, obesity, MR |
|
|
Term
| angelman syndrome: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
15q11-13 maternal deletion
smiles, wide gait, ataxia, MR, laughter |
|
|
Term
| hypophosphatemic rickets: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
inherited vitamin D resistance
bowed legs
XD |
|
|
Term
| incontinentia pigmenti: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
XD
miniteeth
patchy aloplecia |
|
|
Term
| lebers optic neuropathy: defect, signs, inheritance |
|
Definition
BL blindness sometime after 15yo
mitochondrial inheritance
retina is ATP dependent so mitochondrial defect decreases ATP causing blindness |
|
|
Term
auto-antibody for...
1. autoimmune hemolytic anemia
2. bullous phenigoid
3. DM1
4. phemigus
5. microscopic polyangiitis |
|
Definition
1. anti-RBC
2. anti-epidermal BM
3. anti-B islet cell
4. anti-keratinocyte junction
5. p-ANCA anti-neutrophil cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
auto-antibody for...
1. polymyositis
2. progressive systemic sclerosis
3. sjogerns
4. ITP
5. vitiligo |
|
Definition
1. ANA, anti-Jo1
2. anti-SCL70
3. anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La
4. anti-structural platelet
5. anti-melanocyte |
|
|
Term
antoantibody for...
1. RA
2. SLE
3. drug SLE
4. CREST
5. myasthenia gravis |
|
Definition
1. anti-IgG (RF)
2. ANA, anti-dsDNA
3. anti-histone
4. anti-centromere
5. anti-ACh receptor |
|
|
Term
autoantibody for...
1. graves disease
2. hashimotos thyroiditis
3. wegeners granulomatosis
4. celiac sprue
5. goodpastures
6. primary biliary cirrhosis |
|
Definition
1. anti-TSH receptor
2. anti-microsomal
3. anti-neutrophil cytoplasm (ANCA)
4. anti-glidin
5. anti-glomerular BM
6. anti-mitochondrial |
|
|
Term
| 4 types of hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
hyperacyte: HSN II, preformed Ab
acute: memory T cells made, HSN, IV
chronic: Ab-made, HSN II
graft-vs-host: T cells in transplant attack, HSN IV |
|
|
Term
| most common cause of osteomyelitis |
|
Definition
S. aureus - normal
salmonella - sickke cell
serratia/pseudomonas - IV drug users |
|
|
Term
| leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1 |
|
Definition
defect in LAF-1 integrin (CD18) on phagocytes which inpairs migration and chemotaxis
bacterial skin and mucosa infection
NO PUSS
impaired wound healing
DELAYED UMBILICAL SEPARATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
defect in lysosome trafficking gene and microtubules
STAPH AND STREP INFECTION
ALBINISM
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY |
|
|
Term
| chronic granulomatous disease |
|
Definition
defect in NADPH oxidase, ROS cannot be made for respiratory burst
infection with CATALASE POSITIVE organisms PLACESS (PSEUDOMONAS, LISTERIA, ASPERGILLUS, CANDIDIA, E COLI, S AUREUS, SERRATIA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
defect in BTK TK, no mature B cells
XR
NORMAL B CELL COUNT, DECREASED Ig
ABSENT LYMPH NODES AND TONSILS
PYOGENIC BACTERIA infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no class switching to IgA
bacterial infectious of mucous membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
defect in B cell maturation
NORMAL AMOUNT OF B CELLS
DECREASED Ig
pyogenic bacterial infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
defect in 3rd-4th pharyngeal pouches causing absent thymus and parathyroids
PROTOZOA, VIRAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS
TETANY, HYPOCALCEMIA
OFTEN HAVE TERTOLOGY OF FALLOT OF TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS
decreased T cells, PTH, Ca
detection with FISH |
|
|
Term
| chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis |
|
Definition
T cell dysfunction
chronic candidia
NORMAL T CELL NUMBERS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inability of B cells to class switch away from IgM because T cells won't tell them to (CD40 defect)
pyogenic bacterial infections (pneumocystis, CMV, cryptosporidium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AD
defect in STAT3 in T17 cells so they cant recruit neutrophils
hypger IgE
drecreased INFy
sinopulmonary infections, candidia, cold abscesses, retained primary teeth, eczema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, thrush, bacteria, viral, fungal, protozoal infection
decreased T cell receptor activation
decreased germinal T cells
decreased T cells
NO LYMPH NODES
PNEUMOCYSTITS PNEUMONIA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
defect in DNA repair of strand breaks
ataxia, spider angiomas, IgA deficiency
low T cells
sinopulmonary infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mutation in WAS gene
T cells cannot reorganize actin cytoskeleton
B cells not stimulated to make IgM
thrombocytopenic purpura
eczema
recurrent infections
autoimmune disease and malignancy risk
otitis media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intrinsic: hageman (XII) > XI > IX + VIII > X
extrinsic: tissue factor > VII > X
common: X + V + thrombin (II) > fibrinogen (I) > clot > XIII stabilizes |
|
|
Term
| testing for bleeding disorders |
|
Definition
bleeding time: platelets
PT: extrinsic and common
PTT: intrinsic and common
TT: common |
|
|
Term
| von willebrand disease: inheritance, signs, cause |
|
Definition
-vWF, cannot bind VII and Gp1b on platelets
AD
increased menstural bleeding, increased PTT and bleeding time |
|
|
Term
| hemophilia A: inheritance, signs, cause |
|
Definition
| lack of VII, increased PTT, XR, bleeding |
|
|
Term
| hemophilia B: inheritance, signs, cause |
|
Definition
lack of factor IX
XR
increased PTT |
|
|
Term
| vitamin K deficiency: inheritance, signs, cause |
|
Definition
non functional II, VII, IX, X due to lack of y-carboxylation
increased PT, PTT, TT
causes: fat malabsrption, antibiotics, newborns, warfarin |
|
|
Term
| why is warfarin prescribed with heparin |
|
Definition
| at first warfarin stops protein C and S which inhibitors factors V and VIII so clotting increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
children: post viral, self limited
adult: anti-structural platelet (Gp2b/3a)
decreased platelets, petechiae, purpura, mucosal bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spontaneous platelet aggregation
thrombocytopenia
schistocytes: helmet cells due to spleen destruction
hemolysis: low Hb, reticulocytes, polychromasia (break on staining), high LDH (organ damage), fever |
|
|
Term
| spherocytosis: diagnosis, inheritance, signs, cause |
|
Definition
-spectrin makes RBC spheres
hemolysis of RBC, splenomeagly
positive osmotic fragility test, increased MCHC and RDW
AD
removal of spleen increases encapsulated infection risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
even some killers have pretty nice capsules
E. coli
S. pneumo, salmonella, GBS
Klebsiella
H. influenza
Pseudomonas
Neisseria
Cryptococcus neoformins |
|
|
Term
| G6PDH deficiency: inheritance, signs, cause, diagnosis |
|
Definition
XR, more in AA
RBC sensitive to oxidative damage
back pain, hemoglobinuria
HEINZ BODIES (DENATURED HB)
stress makes me eat bites of fava beans with heinz ketchup |
|
|
Term
| sickle cell anemia: inheritance, signs, cause |
|
Definition
HbS point mutation of B chain glutamic acid with valine, AR
crystalization when hypoxia, acidic, dehydrated
provides resistance to malaria
autosplenectomy/HOWELL JOLLY BODIES
salmonella osteomyelitis
vasoocclusive crisis
renal papillary ncrosis |
|
|
Term
| a-thallasemia: inheritance, signs, cause |
|
Definition
decreased z globin chain synthesis
4 deletion: excess y-globin form y4 (HbBart)
2-3 deletion: microcytic anemia |
|
|
Term
| b-thallasemia: inheritance, signs, cause |
|
Definition
decreases B globin chain synthesis
minor: increased HbA2, microcytic anemia
major (cooleys): severe microcytic anemia, no B globin, CHIPMUNK FACIES, EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOESIS |
|
|
Term
| warm agglutinin disease: signs, cause |
|
Definition
cause: methyldopa, dopa, penicillin, cephalopsorin, lymphoma, leukemia, SLE
WEG: warm, extravascular hemolysis, IgG
anti-RBC antibodies cause autoimmune hemolysis |
|
|
Term
| cold agglutinin disease: signs, cause |
|
Definition
cause: mycoplasma pneumonia, mononucleosis, lymphoma, idiopathic, CLL
CIM: cold, intravascular hemolysis, IgM
anti-RBC antibodies cause autoimmune hemolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
direct: detect immune hemolysis, find Ab directly bound to RBC
indirect: find free floating Ab, test for isoimmunization in Rh- females |
|
|
Term
| megaloblastic anemias: causes, signs |
|
Definition
B12 deficiency: diphyllobothrium latum, diet, type A gastritis, pernicious anemia. shows increase in homocysteine and decrease in methionine, glossitis, peripheral neuropath, loss of proprioception and vibration, dementia, spasticity
folate deficiency: alcoholics, methotrexate, TMP, pnehytoin, pregnancy
other signs: hypersegmented nutrophils |
|
|
Term
| plummen vinson: cause, signs |
|
Definition
anemia due to low grade long term Fe deficiency
esophageal webs, dysphagia of solids only, atrophic glossitis |
|
|
Term
| fanconi anemia: inheritance, signs, cause |
|
Definition
inability to remove ROS form marrow
AR
microcephaly, cafe au lait, no thumbs or radius, aplastic anemia, leukemia, lymphoma |
|
|
Term
what disease do these cells go with...
1. acanthocyte
2. basophilic stippling
3. bite cell
4. ringed siderblast
5. schistocyte / helmet
6. spherocyte
7. teardrop cell
8. target cell
9. heinz bodies
10. howell jolly bodies |
|
Definition
1. liver disease
2. lead poisoning, alcohol abuse, thallasemias
3. G6PDH deficiency
4. sideroblastic anemia, excess Fe
5. DIC, TTP, HUS, traumatic hemolysis
6. spherocytosis
7. marrow infiltration
8. asplenia, liver disease, HbC disease, thallasemia
9. G6PDH deficiency (Hb percipitate)
10. basophilic nuclear remnant, seen with no spleen |
|
|
Term
| Fe deficiency anemia: signs, cause |
|
Definition
due to chronic bleed (GI, menagorrhea), malnutrition, malabsorption, pregnancy
increased TBIC, decreased ferritin, microcytosis, hypochromia
fatigue, conjunctival pallor |
|
|
Term
| lead poisoning: signs, cause |
|
Definition
inhibits ALA dehydratase and ferrochetalase stopping heme synthesis and increases protophorphyin
inhibits RNA degradation causing RBC to retain aggregates or rRNA (BASOPHILLIC STIPPLING)
LLEEAADD S
L ead lines on gingive (burtons)
L ead lines on long bones
E ncephalopathy
E rythrocyte basophillic stippling
A bdominal colic
A anemia sideoblastic
D rop of wrist and foot
D imercaprol and EDTA 1st line tx
S uccimer for chelation in kids |
|
|
Term
| anemia of chronic disease: signs, cause |
|
Definition
inflammation increases HEPCIDIN which finds ferroportin on macrophages and inhibits Fe release
decreased Fe and TBIC
increased ferritin
normocytic then microcytic hypochromatic |
|
|
Term
| sideroblastic anemia: inheritance, signs, cause |
|
Definition
XR defect in ALA synthase
ringed sideroblasts with Fe in mitochondria in marrow
increased Fe and TBIC, increased ferritin
causes siderocytes: Fe in RBC not bound to Hb (pappenheimer bodies) |
|
|
Term
| paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: cause |
|
Definition
| defect in GPI anchor for factors that protect RBC from complement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blue lace patterns due to rRNA remnants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RA with anti-neutrophil antibodies that cause neutropenia |
|
|
Term
| causes of increased neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes |
|
Definition
neutrophils: inflammation, bacteria, cancer, leukemia
eosinophils: HSN 1, helminths
lymphocytes: granulomatous diseases, virus, pertussis
monocytes: granulomatous diseases, infectious mononucleosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mutant factor V resistant to degration by protein C
hypercoaguability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common malignancy in kids
lymphadenopathy
lymphoblastic
+TdT
impaired marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myelobasts
+auer rods: red staining peroxidase positive needle like
impaired marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myelocytes
philadelphia chromososm (9;22) cbr-abl fusion makes oncogene
LOW LEUKOCYTE ALKALIKE PHOSPHATASE (LAP) (no mature granules)
blast crisis: can change to AML |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lymphocytes
impaired marrow
SMUDGE CELLS
SLL = varient caused by sezary syndrome (leukemic component of mycosis fungoides from the skin) |
|
|
Term
| hairy cell leukemia signs |
|
Definition
middle age white dude
SPLENOMEAGLY
B cells with hair like projections
impaired marrow
+TRAP
+CD25
marrow fibrosis, dry tap on aspiration |
|
|
Term
| burkitt lymphoma: cause, signs |
|
Definition
t(8;14) c-myc (8) Ig heavy chain (14)
STARRY SKY
lymphocytes and macrophages
EBV
jaw lesion (africa)
pelvis/abdomen lesion (other places) |
|
|
Term
| diffuse large B cell lymphoma cause |
|
Definition
t(14;18)
most common non-hodgkins in adults |
|
|
Term
| mantle cell lymphoma cause |
|
Definition
t(11;14) cyclin D1 (11), Ig heavy chain (14)
CD5+ |
|
|
Term
| follicular lymphoma cause |
|
Definition
t(14;18) Ig heavy chain (14), bcl-2 (18)
waxing and waining lymphadonaopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HTLV-1 virus associated with IV drug abuse
cutaneous lesions, lytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia |
|
|
Term
| hodgkins lymphoma: types, signs |
|
Definition
reed sternberg cells
fever, night sweats, weight loss
50% associated with EBV
giant cells with bilobed nuclei (owl eyes)
2 eyes x CD15 = CD30
nodular sclerosing: M=F, has sclerosis to keep cancer in cage
mixed cellularity: has sclerosis to keep cancer in cage
lymphocyte rich: best prognosis
lymphocyte depleted: poor prognosis |
|
|
Term
| monoclonal gammopathy: cause |
|
Definition
excess functional Ig
benign, could progress to multiple myeloma |
|
|
Term
| multiple myeloma: cause, signs, dx |
|
Definition
myeloma cells: plasma cell tumor in marrow
secrete IgG, IgA, light chains (bence jones proteins), IL-6 and 1 (activates osteoclasts making punched out lesions)
hypercalcemia, leukocytopenia, amyloidosis (AL light chain), renal insufficiency
M spike on electrophoresis SPEP
bence jones proteins on UPEP, plasma cells with CLOCK FACE CHROMATIN (intracytoplasmic Ig) |
|
|
Term
| waldenstorms primary macroglobulinemia: cause, signs |
|
Definition
M spike due to IgM increase which causes hyperviscosity
FLAME CELLS: eosinophilic neoplastic plasma cells
fatigue, weakness, bleeding, headache, visual problems, neuro problems |
|
|
Term
| phlebothrombosis risk factors |
|
Definition
risk factors for clots in veins...
blood stasis, hypercoaguability, endothelial cell damage |
|
|
Term
| trosseau's syndrome: cause, sign |
|
Definition
migratory venous thrombosis
common with CHG, pregnancy, adenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
| acute intermittent prophyria: cause, signs |
|
Definition
- prophobilinogen deaminase so
porphilinogen, delta-ALA, and coporphobilinogen (urine) accumulate
5P's
painful abdomen
port wine coloredurine
polyneuropathy
psych disturbance
percipitated by drugs, etoh, starvation |
|
|
Term
| prophyria cutanea tarda: cause, signs |
|
Definition
- uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
uroporphyrin accumulates causing tea colored urine
photosensitivity leads to blistering |
|
|
Term
| 5 chromosome translocations and their disease |
|
Definition
9;22 CML philaldelphia
8;14 burkitt (c-myc)
11;14 mantle cell (cyclin D)
14;18 follicular lymphome (bcl-2)
15;17 M3 type AML |
|
|
Term
| langerhans cell histocytosis |
|
Definition
proliferation of langers (monocyte lineage) in child
lytic bone lesions
otitis media involing mastoid
+S100 +CD1a
+birbeck granules (tennis rackets) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CML type
HCT >55%
JAK2 mutation
itching after shower
erythromelalgia: burning with red blue discoloration
NO EPO INCREASE (THAT WOULD BE 2 POLYCYTHEMIA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CML type
overproduction of platelets
bleeding, thrombosis
enlarged megakaryocytes in marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CML type
fibrosis of marrow
TEARDROP RBC |
|
|
Term
| mockenbergs arterlosclerosis |
|
Definition
benign
Ca deposits in vessel media product lumps
radial and ulnar arteries
often palpable |
|
|
Term
| hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis |
|
Definition
due to malignant HTN >210/150
small arteries and aeterioles
onion skin hyperplasia of media causes progressive lumen narrowing |
|
|
Term
| hayline arteriolosclerosis |
|
Definition
inflammation and use: HTN, age, DM
thickened basement membrane
nephrosclerosis of kidney
media can atrophy causing aneurysm |
|
|
Term
| hypersensitivity arterities |
|
Definition
HSN III to HSV, EBV, HIB
+P-ANCA
small vessels: skin, muscle, brain, kidney
PAINFUL PURITIC PURPURA ON BUTT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IgA complex deposition
small vessels
children
PALPABLE PURPURA ON BUTT
arthralgias, BLOODY DIARRHEA
glomerulonephritis
cause: URI virus, drug penicillin, vaccination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transmural necrotizing inflammation of artery with WBC invading
due to HBC, HCV, hairy cell leukemia
fever, abdominal pain, renal disease NOT GN, HTN, neuritis, myalgia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small vessels
+P-ANCA
reaction to drugs penicillin
GN - RPGN
pulmonary capillaritis
palpable purpura (due to skin capillaries)
hemoptysis
hematria
myalgias (due to M capillaries) |
|
|
Term
| thromboangiitis obliterans (burgers) |
|
Definition
HSN to tobacco
TIBIAL AND RADIAL ARTERIES
granulomas
gangrene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
granuloma
aortic, carotid, vertebral, temporal arteries
fever, fatigue, temporal headache, high ESR, jaw claudication, SUDDEN MONOCULAR BLINDNESS
female >50 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
systemic giant cell arterities
arthralgia, myalgia, fever, VERY high ESR, LIMB CLAUDICATION, CVA, MI, organ infarcts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
+C-ANCA
granulomas of small vessels
sinusitis, GN-RPGN, cavitary lung lesions, sinus polyps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
granuloma
thickened aortic arch
asian 15-40
night sweats, CP, absent or weak peripherial pulse (decreased aortic recoil) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fever, conjunctivitis, red palms and soles, HIGH RISK CORONARY ARTERY ANEURYSM, oral mucosa edema, cervical lymphadenopathy
1ST LINE TX ASPIRIN and IVIG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
granulomas
PAN like vessel wall
eosinophil invasion
+P-ANCA
LUNG AND HEART
asthma like attack, lung infiltrates
myocarditis, coronary destruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
phlebitis
oral and genital ulcers like herpes
uveitis, iritis, arthritis of KNEE
silk route
+anti-human oral mucosa Ab
-tzank test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leutic aneurysm
obliterative endarteritis of vasa vasorum of thoracic aorta
ischemia of media
shrinkage of media causes buckle and tree barking
aortic regurgitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intima tears
can rupture and hemorrhage
double barrel sign
risk in HTN and marfans
A or 2: ascending aorta
B or 3: descending aorta
1: both
dyspnea, cough (laryngeal compresion), aortic regurgitation, tearing CP |
|
|
Term
murmurs...
1. blowing
2. harsh
3. click
4. machine |
|
Definition
1. regurgitation
2. stenosis
3. prolapse
4. PDA |
|
|
Term
| cause of aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, mitral prolapse |
|
Definition
aortic stenosis: calcification, congenital bicuspid
aortic regurgitation: HTN, leutic aneurysm, dissection, ankylosing spondylitis
mitral stenosis: rheumatic heart disease
mitral regurgitation: MVP, rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis, papillary muscle ruprute after MI
mitral prolapse: marfans, elhers danlos, fragile X |
|
|
Term
random word association...
1. boot heart
2. aschoff body
3. charcot laiden crystals
4. curshman spirals
5. panda sign
6. red and gray hepatization |
|
Definition
1. tetralogy of fallot
2. multinucleated giant cells and enlarged monocytes in rheumatic fever
3. eosiophils in asthmatic spit
4. live swirly eosinophils in asthmatic spit
5. sarcoidosis of parotid glands
6. red first when lobe fills with RBC gray when it fills with fibrin in pneumococcus |
|
|
Term
| causes of ST depression and their blood markers |
|
Definition
stable angina: none
unstable angina: CK-MB
non-Q wave MI: CK-MB, troponin |
|
|
Term
| causes of ST elevation and their blood markers |
|
Definition
Q wave (transmual) MI: CK-MB, troponin
prinzmetal angina: none |
|
|
Term
| acute vs subacute infective endocarditis |
|
Definition
acute: S. aureus, strep, drug ucers, diabetic
subacute: Strep viridans, E. coli, prior valve pathology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thrombi on endocardium
seen in chronic illness esp adenocardinoma (mucin clots) |
|
|
Term
| causes of the three types of pericarditis |
|
Definition
fibrinous; MI, dresslers (pericarditis post MI)
serous: coxackie B, uremia, rheumatic, scleroderma, SLE
suppurative: s. pneumo, s. aureus |
|
|
Term
| obstructive vs restrictive |
|
Definition
obstructive: decreased FEV1, FVC, FEV/FVC ratio, increased TLS
restrictive: normal FEV1 and ratio, decreased TLC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
irreversible focal bronchial dilation
cause: infection usually with kartageners syndrome or cystic fibrosis
purulent hemoptysis |
|
|
Term
location and buzz word
1. asbestosis
2. anthracosis
3. berylliosis
4. silicosis |
|
Definition
1. lower, pleural plaque, ferruginous bodies
2. upper, right heart failure, black lung
3. lower, technology, flourescence
4. upper, quarts, sand/stone cutting, TB!! |
|
|
Term
| diffuse idiopathic fibrosis |
|
Definition
aka UIP
honeycomb lung
fatal in years
finger clubbing
VELCROW SOUND |
|
|
Term
cause of
1. bronchopneumonia
2. lobar pneumonia
3. atypical pneumonia |
|
Definition
1. hemophilus, pseudomonas, staph
2. pneumococcus, klebsiella, legionares
3. viruses, mycoplasma, legionaires |
|
|
Term
| cause of ronchi, rales, wheezing |
|
Definition
ronchi: chronic bronchitis, bronchopneumonia
rales: bronchopneumonia, atypical pneumonia, legionares
wheeze: asthma |
|
|
Term
1. adenocarcinoma
2. squamous cell CA
3. large cell CA
4. small cell CA |
|
Definition
1. peripherial
2. central
3. peripherial
4. central |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SCC: PTH (hypercalcemia)
SmCC: ADH (HTN), ACTH (Cushings), eaton lambert (Ab to NMJ Ca channels) |
|
|
Term
| 3 nephritic GN and their buzz words |
|
Definition
RPGN: crescents (proliferation of bowmans), 1 Ab, 2 complex, 3 ANCA
acute proliferative: post strep, lumpy bumpy, IgG and C3 subEPIthelial, mesangial proliferation
goodpastures: anti-glomerular GM, linear IgG and C3, hemoptysis |
|
|
Term
| 3 nephrotic GN and their buzz words |
|
Definition
minimal change: loss of foot processes, URI HX, #1 in kids
membranous GN: spike and dome IgG and C3 subEPIthelial
focal segmental: sclerosis, chronic ureteral reflux, heroin, <35yo |
|
|
Term
| 3 nephritic and nephroti GN and their buzz words |
|
Definition
membranoproliferative: URI, HepC, heroin, SLE, mesangial proliferation, TRAM TRACK C3 subENDOthelial, decreased serum complement
IgA nephropathy (bergers): URI or GI viral infection, IgA complex deposits, increased serum IgA
diabetic/kimmelstiel wilson: 20y with DM, microalbuminuria, small kidneys, sclerosis of BM in nodules |
|
|
Term
random buzz word...
1. muddy brown casts
2. triple stone
3. Ca oxylate
4. cystinuria
5. reinke crystals
6. beeding of bile ducts |
|
Definition
1. acute tubular necrosis
2. staghorn calculus/struvite caused by urea splitting proteus or saphrophyticus
3. uric acid stone
4. cystine stone, black
5. leydig cell tumor
6. narrowing and dilation primary sclerosis cholangitis |
|
|
Term
| timeline of troponin, CK-MB, Mb |
|
Definition
troponin: released 2-4h, peak 12h, lasts 7d
CK-MB: peak 10-24h, lasts 2-3d
Mb: peaks 2h, lasts less than CK-MB |
|
|
Term
| candidiasis vulvovaginitis |
|
Definition
pH <4.5 bready odor
germ tubes and pseudohyphae
DOC miconazole, second fluconazole
puritis, erythema, satelite lesions, curd like discharge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DOC metronidazole
puritis, frothy green discharge, putrid smell
darting trich on wet prep
often carried asymptomatically in rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gardnerella and mobilnucus
DOC metronidazole
gray white discharge
+KOH whiff test
fishy odor
clue cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DOC ceftriaxone + doxy for chalmydia
purulent discharge
ascends to cause PID and salpingitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-gonoccal urethritis
DOC doxycyclinie + ceftriaxone for gonorrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eruption of skin surface
chalmydia trachomatis L1-3
DOC docycycline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
klebsiella granolomatis / donovania granulomatis
blocks lymph drainage of genitals in inguinal area
DOC tetracycline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
H. ducrey
school of fish on microscope
painful canchre
DOC ceftriaxone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treponema pallidum
DOC pen G
1. painless canchre
2. rash palms and soles, condylomata lata on genitals (flat, light brown/pink)
3. gumma, tabes dorsalis (destruction of posterior columns), psychosis, dementia, luetic aneurysm, aortitis, aortic regurgitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
genital warts
painless
koliocytes: perinuclear clearing
HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 30s
cause cancer via E6/p53 and E7/Rb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HSV1/2
painful fluid filled vesicles in group on red base
trigeminal ganglion if oral, lumbar/sacral ganglion if genital
+tzank test for multinucleated giant cells
DOC acyclovir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
asymptomatic
ascends to cause PID
DOC doxycycline + ceftriaxone for gonorrhea |
|
|
Term
testicle tumor serum markers and basic facts...
1. seminoma
2. choriocarcinoma
3. yolk sac tumor
4. teratoma
5. embrynonal |
|
Definition
1. most common, like ovarina dysgenesis, hCG
2. teens, like ovarian choriocarcinoma, hCG
3. like endodermal sinus tumor, aFP
4. 2+ germ layers, immature cells
5. painful, hCG, 2nd most common |
|
|
Term
ovarian tumor cell types...
1. serous
2. mucinous
3. endometroud
4. clear cell
5. brenner |
|
Definition
1. cystadenoma/CA, fallopian epithelium serous filling
2. cystadenoma/Ca, columnar epithelium, mucus filling, pseudomyxoma peritonei
3. glandular tissue, solid
4. lots of cytoplasm, often with endometroisis or endometrial CA
5. celioblastoma, like bladder cells, coffee bean nuclei |
|
|
Term
ovarian tumor general info...
1. teratoma
2. dysgegeminoma
3. endodermal sinus
4. choriocarcinoma |
|
Definition
1. 2+ germ layers, dermoid cyst (teeth, skin), struma ovarii (hyperthyroid part)
2. like seminoma
3. like yolk sac tumor, aFP
4. agressive, hCG, trophoblast |
|
|
Term
ovarian tumor general info...
1. granulosa theca
2. sertoli leydig
3. fibroma
4. krukenberg |
|
Definition
1. secretes estrogen, call exner bodies, causes endometrial CA
2. adenoblastoma, makes testosterone, virulization, deep voice
3. meigs syndrome (ascites, pleural effusion), solid tumor, spindle fibroblasts
4. metastasis of signet ring cells from stomach to ovary, mucous pushes nuclei to side |
|
|
Term
buzz word association
1. whorled smooth muscle
2. brown bloody foul smell discharge
3. large for gestational age
4. bloody nipple discharge
5. log shaped tumor
6. low hGC |
|
Definition
1. uterine leiomyoma/fibroid
2. choriocarcinoma
3. hydatidiform mole
4. intraductal papilloma
5. phylloides breast tumor / cystosarcoma phylloides
6. ectopic pregnancy |
|
|
Term
buzz word association
1. BRACA1
2. gelatenous (breast cancer)
3. microcalcifications (breast cancer)
4. peau d orange, nipple retraction
5. signet ring cells (breast cancer)
6. cells in single file (breast CA)
7. pagets disease |
|
Definition
1. medullary breast CA
2. colloid/mucinous CA
3. DCIS comedocarcinoma
4. DCIS
5. LCIS
6. LCIS
7. DCIS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
XXY
testicle atrophy
enuchoid body
tall, long
gynecomastia
female hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
XO
short
ovarian dysgenesis/streak ovary
shield chest
bicuspid aorta
preductal coarctation
webbed neck
horseshoe kidney
primary amenorrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
>140/90
>300 protein/24h
>20 wks
abnormal placenta spiral arteries causes vasoconstriction
headache, scotoma, oliguria, thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
preeclampsia + seizure
can cause intrancranial hemorrhage and ARDS
TX: anti-HTN, IV MgS, delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hemolysis
elevated liver enzymes
low
platelets
severe preeclampsia
TX: delivery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extension of endometrial glands into myometrium due to basalis hyperplasia
large, soft, globular uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endometrial polyp, may contain myometrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. SCC, usually secondary to cervical
2. clear cell, mom took DES
3. sarcoma botryoides, rhabdomyosarcoma, <4yo, spindle shaped tumor cells desmin + |
|
|
Term
| inflammatory breast tumor |
|
Definition
dermal lymphatic invasion by carconoma
peau d'orange
blocks lymphatic drainage |
|
|
Term
| acute mastitis: cause, treatment |
|
Definition
breast abscess during breast feeding via S. aureus
DX dicloxacillin |
|
|
Term
| BPH vs prostic adenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
BPH: middle and lateral lobes, frequency, nocturia, difficulty starting and stopping pee, PSA
adenocarcinoma: posterior lobe, PSA, osteoblastic metastasis, ALP |
|
|
Term
buzz word association..
1. tet spells
2. wide fixed S2 split with loud S1
3. turner syndrome heart
4. radiofemoral delay
5. corneal arcus |
|
Definition
1. tertalogy of fallot
2. ASD
3. infantile coarctation of aorta
4. adult coarctation of aorta
5. lipid deposit on cornea with hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
buzz word association...
1. diabetic mother infant
2. down syndrome heart
3. rubella heart
4. string of beads
5. mediastinal widening |
|
Definition
1. transposition of the great vessels
2. ASD, VSD, endocardial cushion defect
3. PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis
4. fibromuscular dysplasia
5. aortic dissection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
arrhythmia: #1 COD before hospital
LV failure/pulmonary edema
cardiogenic shock: #1 most fatal
ventricular wall rupture
papillary muscle rupture
septal rupture
ventricular pseudoaneurysm formation
pericarditis fibrinous
dressler syndrome: autoimmune fibrinous pericarditis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dilated: #1, alcohol, beriberi, coxackie B, cocaine, chagas, doxorubicin. S3, BALLOON HEART
hypertrophic: familial B-myosin mutation, dredreich ataxia, SUDDEN DEATH IN YOUNG ATHLETES, S4
restrictive: sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, fibrosis, loffler syndrome (eosinophils), hemochromatosis). LOW VOLTAGE ECG THICK MYOCARDIUM |
|
|
Term
buzz word association...
1. nutmeg liver
2. oslers nodes, janeway lesions, splinter hemorrhages
3. #1 heart tumor
4. kussmauls sign |
|
Definition
1. right heart failure
2. acute endocarditis
3. myxoma (ball valve in LA, syncope)
4. constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, RA or RV tumor |
|
|
Term
general info of vascular tumors...
1. strawberry hemangioma
2. cherry hemangioma
3. pyogenic granuloma
4. cystic hygroma
5. glomus tumor |
|
Definition
1. benign, capillary, infant, regress 5yo
2. benign, capillary, elderly, no regreess
3. capillary, ulcerate and bleed, trauma, pregnancy
4. cavernous, neck, turner syndrome
5. painful, red-blue, fingernail, smooth muscle cells of glomus body |
|
|
Term
vascular tumor gener info...
1. bacillary angiomatosis
2. angiosarcoma
3. lymphangiosarcoma
4. kaposki sarcoma |
|
Definition
1. benign, capillary, AIDS, bartonella henselae
2. head, neck, boob, sun
3. lymphedema, post-radical mastectom
4. skin, mouth, GI, respiratory, HHV-8, HIV |
|
|
Term
buzz word association...
1. fatty casts
2. waxy casts
3. stones in chrons
4. coffin lid stone
5. envelope/dumbbell stone
6. rhomboid or rosette stone
7. hexagon stone
8. WAGR
9. squamous bladder metaplasia
10. thyroidation of kidney |
|
Definition
1. nephrotic syndrome
2. renal failure
3. Ca oxylate kidney stones
4. ammonium MgP renal stones (struvite)
5. calcium stone
6. uric acid stone
7. cysteine
8. wilms tumor, anridia, GU malformation, retardation
9. schistosoma haematobium, smoking
10. chronic pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
buzz word association...
1. homan sign
2. ivory pleural plaques
3. ferruginous bodies
4. egg shell calcification of hilar nodes
5. kulchitsky cells
6. chromogramin A
7. keratin pearls, intracellular bridges |
|
Definition
1. dorsi flexion of foot DVT
2. asbestosis
3. asbestosis, dumbells, gold-brown
4. silicosis
5. dark blue cells in SmCC
6. bronchial carcnoid lung tumor
7. lung SCC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
follicle: B cell proliferation, germinal centers
medulla: cords (lymphocytes and plasma cells), medullary sinuses (communicate with lymphatics and have macrophages)
paracortex: T cells, middle region, has venules so T and B cells can enter blood |
|
|
Term
| T cell development and function |
|
Definition
marrow: T cell precursor
thymus: CD4+CD8+ > positive selection in cortex, negative selection in medulla > become CD4+ OR CD8+
activation: APC (B cell, macro, dendritic) activates by presenting antigen on MHCII to TCR on Th cell, then B7/CD28 signaling
class switching: Th cell binds B cell on CD40 and tells it to class switch |
|
|
Term
| antibody structure and diversity |
|
Definition
FAB: antigen binding, determines idiotype
FC: carboxy, complement binding, determines isotyoe (IgM, G, etc)
diversity is caused by: VJ (light chain) VDJ (heavy chain), heavy chain recombination with light chain, SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION after antigen stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IgG: #1 in delayed response, most abundent, crosses placenta, opsonizes
IgA: mucous membranes, tears, saliva, breast milk (colostrum)
IgM: #1 immediate responder, on surface of B cells, large
IgD: on B cells
IgE: on mase cells and basophils, allergen, HSNI, histamine, eosinophils, helminths |
|
|
Term
main problem in each deficiency...
1. C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
2. C3 deficiency
3. C5-9 deficiency
4. DAF (GPI anchor) deficiency |
|
Definition
1. hereditary angioedema
2. pyogenic URI infections, HSN III
3. neisseria infections
4. complement lysis of RBC (paroxysmal noctournal hemoglobinuria) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MMR
polio sabin
influenza intranasal
varicella
yellow fever |
|
|
Term
| ARDS: criteria, most common cause, mechanism |
|
Definition
damage of alveolar capillaries and leaking protein into lung causes hayline membranes leads to rapid fibrosis
gram negative sepsis
temp >100.4 or <98.6
HR >90
RR >20 or low CO2 (resp alkalosis)
WBC <4000 or >12000 or >10% bands |
|
|
Term
| DOC and MOA actinomyces israelii |
|
Definition
penicillin (gram positive rod anaerobe)
inactivating PBP which stop crosslinking in cell wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| doxycycline (causes Q ever, pneumonia, hepatitis, myocarditis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TMP/SMX (aerobe causes lung abscess) |
|
|
Term
| obligate anaerobes lack ____ and ____ |
|
Definition
catalase
superoxide dismutase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what drugs lower LES pressure causing GERD |
|
Definition
anything that decreases excitatory cholinergic input that induces NO
nitrates, CCB, a-blockers, B-agonists |
|
|
Term
1. cross sectional study
2. randomized controlled trial
3. chohort study
4. meta analysis |
|
Definition
1. collect data from 1 group of people to assess prevalence of disease and risk factors, fast inexpensibe, no follow up
2. studies tx effecacy, control and tx groups, gold standard for mature research
3. observational, two groups chosen based on exposure status, no follow up
4. gather info from already completed studies and form overall conclusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cough, coryza (cold like), conjunctivitis, koplik spots, rash starting on face spreads down (gone 2d before measles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aceomeagly, increased insulin, colon polyps, micrognathia (enlargement of face, hands, feet), microglossia, hyperhydrosis, prognathism, arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| altered lipid metabolism, increased SC fat, decreased muscle mass, decreased bone density, decreased exercise performance, low energy, poor memory, impaired sleep, emotional instability, hypoglycemia, impaired glyconeogenesis |
|
|
Term
| choices ok for HTN in pregnancy |
|
Definition
labetalol and hydralazine are DOC
nifedipine and methyldopa are ALT |
|
|
Term
| what drug causes cyanide poisoning, what is its use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
placenta abruption
acute renal failure
pulemonary edema
DIC
eclampsia |
|
|
Term
| signs of Mg sulfate toxicity and treatment |
|
Definition
loss of DTR, respiratory paralysis, come
TX calcium gluconate |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 spaces of the shoulder, their borders, and contents |
|
Definition
quadrangular: teres minor, humerus, teres major, long head of biceps. AXILLARY NERVE, POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY
triangular interval: teres major, long and short head of the biceps. PROFUNDA BRACHII A AND RADIAL NERVE
triangular space: teres major, teres minor, long head of biceps, CIRCUMFLUX SCAPULAR A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| isoniazid, blocks mycolic acid synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
obstructive: tension pneumothorax, large PE
adrenal shock: nausea, fever, vomiting, confusion, hyperkalemic hyponatremia metabolic acidosis
distributive: AV shunt decreases TPR, high CO, hypotension, high PP, low diastolic pressyre, often septic shock
hypovolemic shock: fluid loss, dehydration, vomiting, low CO, high TPR
neurogenic shock: spinal cord or CNS injury, trauma, bradycardic, hypotensive
cardiogenic: LV failure |
|
|
Term
| associations with type A and O blood |
|
Definition
A: gastric tumors
O: peptic ulcer disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
worse headache of life
ruptured berry aneurysm (HTN |
|
|
Term
| DOC, growth media legionella pneumophila |
|
Definition
| levofloxacin/flouroquinolones, buffered charcoal yeast extract agar, silver stain for sputum |
|
|
Term
| most common cause of bacterial parotitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alar: odontoid to foramen mangnum
cruciform
-transverse: C1 to dense posterior
-superior band: transverse to occiput
-inferior band: transverse to C2
tectoral membrane: superior continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament
anterior longitudinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| cervical cause of headache |
|
Definition
cervical dysfunction irritates greater occipital nerve
suboccipital muscles tight in tension headahce |
|
|
Term
| changes in cervical spine after wiplash, best treatment |
|
Definition
C2-7 sidebent and rotated opposite
indirect fascial or counterstrain to prevent further spasm |
|
|
Term
| cervical cause of sinusitis |
|
Definition
| suboccipital muscles interfere with venous drainage |
|
|
Term
| most common cause of nerve root pressure in the cervical spine |
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Definition
| uncinate processes on joints of luschka / uncovertebral joints degenerate and hypertrophy with arthritis and are close to intervertebral foramen |
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Term
| diagnosis of cervical stenosis vs disc herniation |
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Definition
spurlings: if backward bending makes symptoms worse it is stenosis
forward bending makes herniation worse |
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Term
| location of cervical sympathetic ganglia |
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Definition
inferior: ventral 1st rib
middle: C6
superior: C2-4 |
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