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Thermal Physics
N/A
24
Physics
11th Grade
12/12/2011

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Term
Temperature (T)
Definition
a. The property that determines the direction of thermal energy transfer between two objects.
b.)A measure of the average random kinetic energy of the particles of a substance.
Term
Thermal Equilibrium
Definition
two objects are in thermal equilibrium when they are at the same temperature so that there is no transfer of thermal energy between them
Term
*Internal Energy of a substance(U)
Definition
The total potential energy and random kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance.
Term
*Thermal Energy (Heat) (Q)
Definition
Energy transferred between two substances in thermal contact due a temperature difference.
Term
*Mole
Definition
An amount of a substance that contains the same number of atoms as 0.012 kg of 12C.
Term
*Molar Mass
Definition
The mass of one mole of a substance.
Term
*Avogadro constant
Definition
The number of atoms in 0.012 kg of 12C (= 6.02 x 1023).
Term
*Thermal Capacity (C)
Definition
energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K
Term
*Specific Heat Capacity (c)
Definition
energy required per unit mass to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K
Term
Boiling
Definition
a phase change of a liquid into a gas that occurs at a fixed temperature
Term
Evaporation
Definition
when faster moving molecules have enough energy to escape from the surface of a liquid that is at a temperature less than its boiling point, leaving slower moving molecules behind which results in a cooling of the liquid
Term
*Specific Latent Heat (L)
Definition
energy per unit mass absorbed or released during a phase change
Term
*Pressure (P)
Definition
force per unit area acting on a surface
Term
*Ideal Gas
Definition
a gas that follows the ideal gas equation of state (PV = nRT) for all values of P, V, and T (an ideal gas cannot be liquefied)
Term
Real Gas
Definition
a gas that does not follow the ideal gas equation of state for all values of P, V, and T (a real gas can approximate an ideal gas in some circumstances)
Term
Absolute Zero of Temperature
Definition
temperature at which a gas would exert no pressure
Term
Kelvin scale of Temperature
Definition
an absolute scale of temperature in which 0 K is the absolute zero of temperature
Term
*First Law of Thermodynmaics (U = ΔU + W)
Definition
The thermal energy transferred to a system from its surroundings is equal to the work done by the system plus the change in internal energy of the system. (an application of the principle of conservation of energy)
Term
Isochoric (Isovolumetric)
Definition
a process that occurs at constant volume (ΔV = 0)
Term
Isobaric
Definition
a process that occurs at constant pressure (ΔP = 0)
Term
Isothermal
Definition
a process that occurs at constant temperature (ΔT = 0)
Term
Adiabatic
Definition
a process that occurs at constant temperature (ΔT = 0)
Term
*Entropy
Definition
a system property that expresses the degree of disorder in the system
Term
*Second Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
The overall entropy of the universe is increasing. (OR – All natural processes increase the entropy of the universe.) (NOTE: The second law implies that thermal energy cannot spontaneously transfer from a region of low temperature to a region of high temperature.)
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