Term
| An example of an injury caused by macrotrauma is: |
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Definition
|
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Term
This phagocyte is released immediately following
trauma to contain bacteria, but in the process destroys viable tissues: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following cell types is anaerobic and therefore is able to withstand a low-oxygen environment? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| After depolarization of the nerve, the period during which a stronger-than-normal stimulus is required to initiate another action potential is the: |
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Definition
| Relative refractory period |
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Term
| The removal of debris and temporary tissue and the growth of new, permanent tissue occur during: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The rate of atrophy is accelerated through the stimulation of: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The healing process begins with: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| All of the following aid in venous return except: |
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Definition
| The sodium-potassium pump |
|
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Term
| Which of the following structures has the poorest blood supply? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| During early stage of intervention, which type of muscle fibers should be targeted to reduce the development of atrophy? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the Gate Control Theory of pain modulation, what monitors the activity of the incoming nerves and subsequently opens or closes the gate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The perception of, and the subsequent reaction to, pain occurs in the: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The amount of stimulus required to trigger the pain response in termed: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Pain produced by irritation of the brachial plexus due to entrapment of its roots will be felt in the arm or hand instead of the armpit. This mislocalization is closely related to a phenomenon called: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Indicate those nerve fibers responsible for nociception: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| According to the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Function, dysfunction of the body’s functions and/or structures is termed: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A functional outcome scale’s responsiveness to change that is important or beneficial to the patient is described by the: |
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Definition
| Minimally clinically important change (MCID) |
|
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Term
| Strength, range of motion, and girth are examples of: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which type of state regulation establishes the scope of professional practice, sets the minimal education standards, and protects professional roles and titles? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Whirlpools and other electrical devices that may be used in the presence of water must be connected to a: |
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Definition
| Ground-fault circuit interrupter |
|
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Term
| Employers or clinical instructors can be held liable for negligent acts of their employees or students through the doctrine of: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The intentional and unwanted touching of one person by another is termed: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ______ is the coding system used to identify the type and nature of care provided to the patient. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following would be considered when determining the actions that a “reasonable and prudent person” would have taken under similar circumstances? |
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Definition
| Testimony of expert witnesses, The defendant’s age, education, and mental capacity, State practice regulations |
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Term
| Which of the following modalities has the greatest likelihood of frostbite? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of a paraffin bath? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following devices uses convection as the method of heat transfer? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a local effect of cold application? |
|
Definition
| Decreased viscosity of fluids in the area |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following modalities has the greatest depth of penetration into the tissues? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Heat application by itself (i.e., without stretching exercises) is sufficient to elongate collagen-rich tissues. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a local effect of heat application? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A ____ degree F drop in skin temperature is needed to reduce the sensitivity of muscle spindles. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| As the size (area) of the body exposed to cold immersion increases, the temperature of the immersion should: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary reason for the use of cold during the immediate treatment of an injury is: |
|
Definition
| To decrease cell metabolism |
|
|
Term
| The “hunting response” has been demonstrated to occur in all body parts during cold application. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Moist heat packs are stored in water having a temperature range between ____ and ____ degrees F. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The thermal effects obtained from a moist heat pack occur up to ___ cm beneath the skin. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If the goal of your treatment is to produce long-lasting cold within the quadriceps muscle prior to exercise (in the subacute or chronic stage of injury), which of the following modalities would be most appropriate? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient is standing in a warm whirlpool 100 cm deep. The water’s hydrostatic pressure at the ankle is: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| You are attempting to cool intramuscular tissue 1 cm deep with an ice pack. There is 25 mm of adipose tissue overlying the target tissues. To reach therapeutic temperatures the ice should be applied for ___ minutes. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell metabolic rate increases by a factor of two to three for each ___ degree F increase in skin temperature. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When applying ultrasound with metered output of
4 W and an indicated beam nonuniformity ratio(BNR) of 4, the highest intensity in the beam is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not an indication for the use of ultrasound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spreading of ultrasonic energy is termed: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A metered reading of 2 W per square centimeter passing through a sound head having an effective radiating area of 10 cm2 produces an output of ___ total watts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The least amount of reflection of ultrasonic energy occurs between: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the following are nonthermal (mechanical) effects of ultrasound except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When treating the quadriceps tendon with ultrasound, what output frequency should be used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When cells are exposed to high-pressure ridges, their size: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When cells are exposed to high-pressure ridges, their size: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ultrasound that is pulsed so that it flows for 0.5 seconds and does not flow for 1 second is operating at a ____ percent duty cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Determining the treatment duration for thermal US application is most closely dependent on what other output characteristic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To promote extensibility, the tissues must be stretched within how many minutes after the conclusion of the treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Standard (clinical) therapeutic ultrasound generators can be employed to assist in the healing of fractures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following substances transmits the highest percentage of ultrasonic energy relative to water? |
|
Definition
| Ultrasound transmission gel |
|
|
Term
During shortwave diathermy application, high frequency electromagnetic energy is changed to
heat by the process of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following types of shortwave diathermy application places the athlete’s tissues within the generator’s physical circuit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When using a shortwave diathermy induction drum, the drum should be positioned ___ from the patient’s skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The energy from a shortwave diathermy unit may scatter as much as ____ from the source. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which form of shortwave diathermy should NOT be used over large areas of adipose tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What four factors determine a medication’s ability to diffuse through the tissues? |
|
Definition
Hydration
Age
Composition
Vascularity
Thickness |
|
|
Term
| Electrons travel from the _________, which has a _______of electrons, to the ____________, which has a ________ of electrons. |
|
Definition
| Cathode • high concentration • anode • low concentration |
|
|
Term
Monopolar stimulation involves the use of active and
dispersive electrodes. The parameter that determines which electrode(s) will be active is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percent duty cycle for an electrical current that flows for 30 seconds and has no flow for 10 seconds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the following are excitable tissues except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following electrical stimulation currents would cause physiochemical (i.e., galvanic) changes in the tissues? |
|
Definition
| Low-voltage direct current |
|
|
Term
| Under normal circumstances, which of the following nerves would be the first to be depolarized by an electrical current? |
|
Definition
| A superficial large-diameter nerve |
|
|
Term
Most tissues provide capacitive resistance to electrical current flow. Which of the following current types
would meet the least amount of capacitive resistance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An electrical stimulation protocol that uses a high pulse frequency (e.g., 120 pps), short phase duration, and applied at the sensory level is thought to activate which pain control mechanism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The electrodes from lead (A) have an area of 20 square inches; the electrodes originating from lead (B) have an area of 4 square inches. This type of application would be classified as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are setting up an electrical stimulation unit to control pain through the endogenous opiate theory of pain modulation. The correct parameters for this are: |
|
Definition
| High pulse rate, long phase duration, short treatment duration, motor level stimulation |
|
|
Term
| Iontophoresis is a technique that introduces medication into the tissues through the use of an electric current. For this method to work, the medication must: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Interferential stimulation is being applied with a carrier current of 4000 Hz and an interference current of
4130 Hz. The effective frequency of the current within the tissues would be: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following conditions is a contraindication to the use of electrical stimulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A high-voltage pulsed stimulator uses what type of current? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following duty cycles is most appropriate when attempting to reeducate the quadriceps muscle immediately postsurgery: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In general, a tonic contraction occurs when the number of pulses per second exceeds: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| “The uninterrupted, bidirectional flow of electrons” best describes which of the following types of currents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an electrical current, electrical flow consists of the movement of electrons; in the body’s tissues, therapeutic current flow consists of the flow of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A POLARITY option would be found on which of the following modalities? |
|
Definition
| High-voltage pulsed stimulator |
|
|
Term
| Traumatized areas and stimulation points (e.g., motor points, trigger points) display a(n) ____ resistance to current flow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the following effects have been attributed to continuous passive motion (CPM) except: |
|
Definition
| Increased nutrition to the anterior cruciate ligament |
|
|
Term
| Intermittent cervical traction can be useful in relieving the pain associated with intervertebral disk herniations. This reduction of pain occurs by reducing the bulge of the ___________ through the __________. |
|
Definition
| Nucleus pulposus - annulus fibrosus |
|
|
Term
| When applying intermittent compression to an extremity, the pressure in the appliance should not exceed: |
|
Definition
| The diastolic blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| Electromyographic biofeedback measures: |
|
Definition
| The amount of electrical activity within a muscle |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following techniques produces the greatest amount of femoral blood flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the following are indications for the use of intermittent compression except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following types of continuous passive motion designs provides for the most joint stability? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Light having a wavelength of 780 to 12,500 nm would be classified as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Therapeutic laser is being applied at a total of 5 watts for 10 seconds over an area of 10 square centimeters. What is the energy density (J/cm2)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The depth that laser energy penetrates into the body is related to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The body’s fascia can be elongated using
a ____________ force. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to the amount of force applied, what other parameters influence the effect of cervical traction? |
|
Definition
Position of the cervical spine
Patient position
Angle of pull
Treatment duration |
|
|
Term
| List two reasons why separation of the vertebral column occurs at a lower percentage of the patient’s body weight in the reclining position than in the sitting position. |
|
Definition
The force of gravity is eliminated
The cervical muscles are placed in
a more relaxed position |
|
|
Term
| Match the following massage strokes to method of delivery: |
|
Definition
Tapotement- Pounding of the skin
Petrissage- Kneading of the skin
Effleurage- Stroking of the sking |
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