Term
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Definition
(140-age)(kg)
_____________
72 x SCr |
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Term
|
Definition
98 - (0.8 x [age-20])
_________________
SCr |
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Term
| protein catabolism produces... |
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Definition
| ammonia (unable to be excreted by the kidneys) |
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Term
| ammonia is converted by the liver to... |
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Definition
urea, CO(NH2)2
urea is excreted by the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pre-renal azotemia refers to a(n) _________ of BUN |
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Definition
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Term
| If the BUN:SCr ratio is >20:1, this is indicative of.... |
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Definition
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Term
| If both SCr and BUN are abnormal (regardless of ratio), this is indicative of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased/decreased protein intake and catabolism are parallel with... |
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Definition
BUN
(inc protein inake = inc BUN, and vice versa) |
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Term
| Of BUN and SCr, which more closely reflects the degree of renal function (assuming steady-state has been met)... |
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Definition
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Term
| Creatinine enters the nephron primarily by what method? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| "Expected" creatinine per day (24h urine collection) |
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Definition
| 20 mg/kg/day x weight (in kg) = mg/day |
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Term
| "Measured" creatinine in a 24h urine collection |
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Definition
| urine creatinine (mg/mL) x 24h volume (mL) = mg/day |
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Term
| 24h Urine Collection, calculation of CrCl |
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Definition
| CrCl = (Ucr/Scr) x (mL/min) |
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Term
When SCr doubles,
what happens to GFR? |
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Definition
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Term
| For a SCr 0-4mg/dL, a small change in creatinine represents... |
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Definition
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Term
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease:
CrCl 90-120+ mL/min
severity of renal insufficiency? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease:
CrCl 60-89 mL/min
severity of renal insufficiency?
|
|
Definition
mild (diminshed renal reserve)
(2) |
|
|
Term
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease:
CrCl 30-59 mL/min
severity of renal insufficiency?
|
|
Definition
moderate (renal insufficiency)
(3) |
|
|
Term
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease:
CrCl 15-30 mL/min
severity of renal insufficiency?
|
|
Definition
severe (chronic renal failure)
(4) |
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|
Term
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease:
CrCl <15 mL/min
severity of renal insufficiency?
|
|
Definition
end-stage renal disease (ESRD- dialysis)
(5) |
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Term
|
Definition
| < 450 mL/day of urine output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| < 50 mL/day of urine output |
|
|
Term
| normal urine volume per day |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Specific gravity of urine >1.035 is indicative of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ketonuria shows a deficiency in...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normal total protein excretion does not usually exceed... |
|
Definition
150mg/24 hours
(10mg/100mL in a single specimen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| false negative readings for glycosuria and nitrites occur with... |
|
Definition
| urinary ascorbic acid concentrations of 50+ mg/dL |
|
|
Term
| specimen of choice for microscopic urinalysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a positive nitrite test indicates... |
|
Definition
Gram (-) bacteria in the urine
[will not detect Gram +] |
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|
Term
| urinary casts are formed only (where?) |
|
Definition
| distal convoluted tubule or the collecting duct (distal nephron) |
|
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Term
| most commonly observed casts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors that favor protein cast formation |
|
Definition
low flow rate
high salt concentration
low pH |
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|
Term
| RBC casts are pathognomonic of.... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| WBC casts strongly suggest... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| fatty (lipid) casts are characteristic of... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Specific gravity (above) > 1.010 |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Specific gravity (below) < 1.010 |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Increase in SCr in ARF if baseline < 3mg/dL |
|
Definition
| SCr increase of 0.5 mg/dL |
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Term
Increase in SCr in ARF if baseline > 3mg/dL
|
|
Definition
| Increase of SCr by 1 mg/dL |
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|
Term
Urine Na+
If < 20mEq/L, indicative of _________
but > 40 would be _________ or __________ |
|
Definition
< 20 = pre-renal
> 40 = intrinsic renal or post-renal |
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|
Term
Urine sediment:
Casts only seen with _______ renal etiology, whereas cellular debris seen with ________ and ________ |
|
Definition
casts-- intrinsic
cellular debris-- intrinsic and post-renal |
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|
Term
| Vasopressors, such as high doses of DA or levarterenol (Levophed), lead to isolated renal hypoperfusion, a leading cause of _________ ____________. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Afferent arteriole vasoconstrictors
2 examples & the effect on GFR |
|
Definition
2 examples: cyclosporine, NSAIDs
Decreased GFR (prerenal azotemia)
(decreased intraglomerular hydrostatic pressure) |
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Term
Efferent arteriole vasodilators
2 major classes and effect on GFR |
|
Definition
2 major classes:
1) ACE inhibitors (ramipril, lisinopril)
2) Angiotensin II-receptor blockers (ARBs)(losartan, valsartan)
Decreased GFR (pre-renal azotemia)
decreased intraglomerular hydrostatic pressure |
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|
Term
| exogenous toxins (3) and what they result in |
|
Definition
Exogenous toxins:
contrast dye
heavy metals
drugs (aminoglycosides, amphotericin B)
cause acute tubular necrosis (intrinsic ARF)
|
|
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Term
| endogenous toxins (2) and what they result in |
|
Definition
Endogenous toxins:
myoglobin, hemoglobin
result in acute tubular necrosis (intrinsic ARF) |
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|
Term
| Penicillins, sulfonamides, and ciprofloxacin cause... |
|
Definition
acute interstitial nephritis
(intrinsic ARF) |
|
|
Term
| 4 medications that may be insoluble in urine and resulting issue |
|
Definition
acyclovir, sulfonamides, triamterene, methotrexate
crystallize in distal tubule --> tubular obstruction --> post-renal ARF |
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|
Term
Fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa+)
1) Normal Value
2) Value below normal range
3) Value above normal range |
|
Definition
1) 1-2%
2) Prerenal azotemia
3) Intrinisc/post-renal ARF (kidney losing ability to concentrate urine) |
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Term
| Two pharmacologic approaches to preventing kidney damage from radiocontrast dye/ contrast media |
|
Definition
Acetylcysteine (PO, normally APAP OD)
&
Sodium bicarbonate (IV) |
|
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Term
| ONLY situation to use diuretics for ARF |
|
Definition
hypervolemia
-loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide) low K?
- loop plus thiazide (distal tubule) diuretics, metolazone
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|
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Term
| most common electrolyte complication in ARF? |
|
Definition
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