Term
| head lice (pediculus humanus capitus) |
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Definition
| most common cause of lice infestation; outbreaks peak between Aug. & Nov.; african-americans at lower risk; spread by DIRECT CONTACT with hair of infected person; treated with pyrethins or permethrin |
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Term
| body lice (pediculus humanus corporis) |
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Definition
| live, hide, & lay eggs in clothing of infected host; sporadically feed on body for blood; occurs due to PERSONAL HYGIENE; occasionally may spread disease; double the size of head lice; treated by appropriate hygiene, frequent changing & laundering of clothes & linens |
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Term
| pubic lice (phthirus pubus) |
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Definition
| transmitted through high risk sexual contact, toilet seats, shared undergarments, & bedding; affects hairs on pubic area, but also found in armpits, eyelashes, mustaches, beards, & eyebrows; "Crab-like" appearance; smaller & more rounded; treated with pyrethrins |
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Term
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Definition
| wheal immediately forms around bite; papule develops locally within 24 hrs; itching; swelling; excessive scratching --> secondary bacterial infections |
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Term
| Risk Factors for development of Lice |
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Definition
| preschool & elementary aged children, 3-12 yrs old; females > males; sharing hats, scarves, combs, brushes, hair ribbons, pillows, headrests; inadequate personal hygiene (body lice) |
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Term
| Nonpharmacologic Therapy to treat Lice Infestations |
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Definition
| remove all nits --> nit comb; wash bedding & clothing in boiling hot water & dry in a hot dryer; soak combs & brushes in boiling water for 10 min; vacuum furniture, carpets, rugs, headrests, car seats, stuffed animals; do not share personal articles; notify school, day camp, day care, & parents of children with whom infested child plays with; check family members & close contacts; AVOID lice sprays |
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Term
| Synergized pyrethrins [OTC, A-200 Shampoo, RID Lice Killing Shampoo, Max Strength RID Mousse Foam] |
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Definition
| derived from chrysanthemums; MoA: insect paralysis & death of lice by blocking nerve transmission; Indications: head & pubic lice; Apply topically; Apply to affected area for 10 min, then rinse or shampoo; Repeat treatment in 7-10 days to kill remaining nits; Don't apply more than twice in 24 hrs; ADRs: skin irritation, erythema, itching, swelling; Avoid contact with eyes; C/I: allergic to chrysanthemums or ragweed, do not apply to eyelashes or eyebrows; CAN be used in childrnen, infants, pregnancy, & lactation |
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Term
| permethrin [Nix Cream Rinse] |
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Definition
| synthetic pyrethoid; MoA: paralysis of lice by acting on nerve cell membrane; Indications: HEAD LICE ONLY; Administration: wash hair with regular shampoo, rinse with water, & towel dry; apply sufficient amount of cream to saturate hair & scalp; leave on hair for 10 min, rinse off with water; use lice comb to remove remaining nits; residual effect lasts 10-14 days --> retreat in 7-10 days ONLY if active lice are refound; ADRs: itching, burning, stinging, tingling, scalp irritation; avoid contact with eyes & mucous membranes; C/I's: do not use if pt is sensitive to mums and pyrethrins; do not use in infants < 2 yrs old |
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Term
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Definition
Rx organophosphate (AChase inhibitor); MoA: respiratory paralysis in lice; Indications: head lice; Administration:
0.5% topical lotion --> rub onto dry hair & scalp until thoroughly moistened, allow hair to dry naturally, after 8-12 hrs, wash hair with nonmedicated shampoo, use lice comb to remove dead lice & eggs, may repeat in 7-9 days; ADRs: burning, stinging, tingling, scalp irritation; C/I: do not use in infants; Safe in pregnancy & breastfeeding; Counseling Pts: lotion is flammable, avoid open flames & electric heat sources, contains isopropyl alcohol, may be very irritating to skin |
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Term
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Definition
| organochloride; MoA: stimulates nervous system of lice, resulting in seizures & death of parasites; Indication: 2nd line agent for head & pubic lice; BLACK BOX WARNING: seizures & death, risk of serious neurotoxicity when used in infants, children, & elderly; Dosage: 1% topical shampoo; Administration: apply to dry hair & add small quantities of water to form a lather, leave on hair for NO LONGER than 4 MIN, may repeat in 7 days if necessary; ADRs: possible CNS toxicities, cardiac arrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, hematuria, pulmonary edema; C/I: hypersensitivity, DO NOT USE IN INFANTS, PREGNANCY or BREASTFEEDING, or with SEIZURE DISORDERS |
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