Term
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Definition
| Streptococci, Staphylococci, Enterococci |
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Term
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Definition
| Haemophilus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella |
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Term
| Penicillins that don't require dose reductions in renal dysfunction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
PCN-G, PCN-V,
Use only in Strep with KNOWN susceptibility or Syphillis |
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Term
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Definition
Methicillin, Cloxacillin/Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin/Oxacillin
Staph and Strep
MRSA due to change in PBP enzyme target
Hepatic elmination
Use in: cellulitis/skin and soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis and endocarditis
Mild rise in LFTs |
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Term
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Definition
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin.
good for strep and enterococci (G+) and Haemophilus and E.coli (G-)
Use in: RTIs, otitis, sinusitis, 2nd line UTI, endocarditis and 2nd line lyme |
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Term
| Aminopenicillin+B-lactamase Inhibitors |
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Definition
Amox/Sulbactam(Unasyn) and Amp/Clavulanate (Augmentin)
Same use as aminos, but also intra-abdominal infectons and SSTIs |
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Term
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Definition
Carbenicillin (PO), Mexlocillin, Piperacillin and Ticarcillin or in combo with b-lactamase inhibitors (Zosyn and Timentin)
Less G+ activity
Acinetobacter, b-lactamase overproducing Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter and P. aeruginosa, anerobes.
Add the "tam" and get better against staph and rest of above.
Use in hospital acquired infections, use with aminoglycosides, but not in same line.
UTI-carbenicillin PO |
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Term
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Definition
NO relevant activity to enterococci.
Only cefotetan and cefoxitin work against anerobes.
Dose reduction in moderate-severe renal dysfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
Cephalexin: SSTIs, tonsillitis and 2nd line UTI (7days needed)
Most G+, but not MRSA
E. coli and Haemophilus |
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Term
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Definition
Cefuroxime: RTIs, Sinusitis, tonsillitis, 2nd in UTIs (7days), 2nd in lyme, intra-abdominal infections
G+ (not MRSA)
Haemophilus, E. coli and Moraxella |
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Term
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Definition
PO:Cefdinir
IV: Ceftazidime
Use: RTIs, otitis, sinusitis, SSTIs and 2nd for UTIs
IV for meningitis, hospital aquired RTIs, SSTIs, sepsis, UTIs and lymes
G+, but not MRSA
G- except pseudomonas(but ceftazidime works), enterobacter,klebsiella and citrobacter |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to 3rd, but active against Pseudomonas |
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Term
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Definition
IV
Monobactam
Almost all G- (thats it though)
Often used if pt at risk for aminoglycoside tox in combo w/something else. |
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Term
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Definition
IV only
Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem
Very broad: G+, G- and anaerobics
At risk for fungal superinfections
Ertapenem has no Pseudo and is QD instead of q6-8H. |
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Term
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Definition
"Omycins"
Bind 50s subunit of ribosomes
G+
Resp G- (Haemophilus, Moraxella)
Anerobes and Atypicals, acne, H. pylori and Mycobacteria.
Use in: RTI, sinusitis, SSTI & STDs if PCN allergic, acne, treatment/prevention in HIV, dental prophylaxis
No renal adjustment
Pediazole contains sulfa
P450 inhibitor
Avoid w/pts on antiarrhythmics
RESISTANCE: alteration of ribosome binding sites |
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Term
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Definition
Telithromycin (2nd gen macs)
binds ribosome 23 (more sites than macrolides)
respiratory G+ or G- and Atypicals
Use in: CAP, acute chronic bronchitis and sinusitis |
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Term
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Definition
30s subunit => prevention of binding of tRNA to the mRNA-ribosomal complex
Strep, Staph (including MRSA), anthrax, resp. G-s, anaerobes, acne, h pylori, ricketts
Use in: RTIs, SSTIs, 1st line in Lymes, Tickborne, STDs in PCN allergics, Malaria prophylaxis
Photosensitivity and avoid antacids.
Doxy and Mino prefered due to QD/BID
RESISTANCE: production of efflux proteins and ribosomal protection proteins |
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Term
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Definition
"a/omycin"
30s subunit
RESISTANCE: deactivated by acetylation, phosphorylation or adenylation
Neomycin is the only po
Bactericidal!
All G-
G+ only synergistic if combined with b-lactams
2nd & 3rd line TB
Use: in combo for strep, staph and entero, use in combo for hospital-acquired G-s, topical ear and eye, inhaled for cystic fibrosis patients
NO monotherapy
Peaks correlate with efficacy, troughs with nephrotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
"floxacin"
Inhibit DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV
RESISTANCE: alteration in the target enzymes or increase in efflux pumps (Acr or Mex)
Spectrum = everything
not great in MRSA
1st for UTI and anthrax
eyes and ears
ADRs: photosensitivity, tendon rupture, hypo/hyperglycemia, avoid dairy and watch for arrhythmias
Cipro: P450 inhibitor, watch esp with theophyline and caffeine |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits conversion of PABA to dihydropteroate in folate synthesis.
cidal/static
strep and staph including MRSA, not enterococci
G-: RTIs and e.coli enterobacter and proteus
P. jirovici
no against anaerobes and atypicals
Intx w/ protein bound drugs...warfarin/glyburide
photosensitivity, hyperkalemia and bone marrow suppression |
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Term
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Definition
binds D-ala D-ala and changes it to D-ala D-lac
Enterococci are becoming resistant (20-40%)
Use: MRSA and clostridium difficile (antibiotic colitis), pneumonia
Rash, po only good for colon, only measure trough (5-25), but starting to measure peaks too |
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Term
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Definition
Ribosomal protein syn inhibitor
G+ including MRSA and VRE and pneumonia
only wimpy RTI G-s
Static
can cause hypotension if given with tyramine-containers and serotonin syndrome!
F = 100% |
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Term
| Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Synercid) |
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Definition
Synergistically inhibit protein syn
MRSA and VRE (Enterococcus Faecium)
NO ACTIVITY against Enterococcus faecalis
P450 inhibitor
IV only and through central line in dextrose, must refridgerate |
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Term
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Definition
Lipoprotein that directly disrupts cell membranes
G+ including MRSA and VRE, but no pneumonia!
SSTIs especially
QD, monitor for rhabdomyelitis |
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Term
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Definition
RNA polymerase inhibitor
RESISTANCE: altered enzyme
Strep and Staph
G-: meningitis and Haemophilus
some atypicals
TB 1st line!
Cidal
never alone for G+s
Empty stomach and turns body fluids orange
P450 inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
50s inhibitor (not an aminoglycoside!)
static
G+, some MRSA
Most anerobes
Use: SSTIs, acne, vaginosis/PID
Take with food for GI |
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Term
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Definition
inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by interupting electron transport
Works in all anerobics as well as amoebic and protazoan, also H.pylori
Uses: anaerobics, STDs, rosacea and colitis
Metallic taste, no alcohol
Q12 just as good as Q6 |
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Term
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Definition
often combined with sulfas
Folate syn inhibitor
Staph and E. coli
Static
Ocular infections and UTI |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits ribosomal protein binding
Staph and entero and all G- that cause UTIs
Static |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits cell wall syn and bacterial adherence
G- and G+ that cause UTIs
Cidal |
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Term
| Problem Organisms for AmpC BL |
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Definition
| P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, Providencia |
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Term
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Definition
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