Term
| What are the symptoms of Hepatitis A? |
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Definition
| anorexia, nausea, pain, jaundice, diarrhoea, malaise, fever |
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Term
| What is the mode of transmission of Hepatitis A? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is hepatitis A prevented? Treated? |
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Definition
good hygeine, vaccine
treatment: rest, fluids |
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Term
| How is hepatitis A diagnosed? |
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Definition
Blood test;
IgM Ab.s (Anti HAVIgM) indicate infection;
anti HAV IgG indicate past infection and immunity
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is hepatitis B's mode of transmission? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the incubation period for hepatitis B? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the symptoms of hepatitis B? |
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Definition
anorexia, pain, jaundice, N/V, tiredness
high levels of AST & ALT (x100), bilirubin (x20) |
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Term
| What drugs are used in hepatitis B treatment? |
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Definition
Pegylated interferon
Lamivudine - cause resistance
Adefovir (resistant to lamivudine)
Entecavir (replaces lamivudine as 1L) |
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Term
| What is the hepatitis B vaccine schedule? |
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Definition
Adults: 3 doses; 0, 1, and 6 months
Babies: discharge, 2, 4, & 12 months
Adolescents: 2 adult doses 6mth apart |
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Term
| What are the phases of chronic hepatitis B? |
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Definition
Immunotolerant phase: no hepatitis, but high viral load (15-30yrs)
Immunoclearance phase: seroconversion (HBeAg+ve to HBeAg-ve), low viral load, no inflammation BUT potential for fibrosis & cirrhosis
Later phase: HBeAg-ve, active viral replication and inflammation, high risk of cirrhosis
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Term
| What is hepatitis C caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis C |
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Definition
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Term
| What affects progression of Hepatitis C? |
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Definition
age when infected
co-infection of HepB/HIV
alcohol use
male gender
obesity |
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Term
| How is Hepatitis C diagnosed? |
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Definition
| detection of Ab.s to HCV or HCV RNA in serum |
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Term
| What diagnosis indicated resolved Hepatitis C infection? |
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Definition
HCV Ab.s present
HCV RNA abscent |
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Term
| What is the treatment of Hepatitis C? |
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Definition
| Combination of pegylated interferon + ribavirin |
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Term
| What type of Hepatitis is ribavirin used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the side effects of Hep C treatment (pegylated interferon + ribavinir) |
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Definition
| flu-like symptoms, irritability, depression, headaches, malaise, muscle aches |
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Term
| What is the criteria to get Hepatitis C combo treatment under S100 scheme? |
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Definition
positive Hep C Ab
Active disease
Not pregnant or lactating
Men not planning a family until after 6 months after therapy |
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Term
| What hepatic disease does paracetamol cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hepatic disease does isoniazid cause? |
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Definition
| acute or chronic hepatitis |
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Term
| What hepatic condition does corticosteroids cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hepatic condition does methotrexate cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hepatic condition does ACEIs cause? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Irreversible chronic injury of the liver characterised by fibrosis and formation of regenerative nodules |
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Term
| What are the causes of liver cirrhosis? |
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Definition
Viral: Hep B, C
Alcoholic liver disease
Billiary cirrhosis: obstruction of bile flow (cholestasis) |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of liver cirrhosis? |
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Definition
anorexia, weight loss, digestive disturbances, N/V
later stages: ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy
hyperpigmentation, jaundice, nail clubbing, splenomegaly, muscle wasting, loss of body hair |
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Term
| What are symptoms of ascites? |
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Definition
| weight gain, abdo and lower back pain, GORD, SOB, hernia, bacterial peritonitis |
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Term
| What are the 5 stages of hepatic encephalopathy (0-4) |
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Definition
0. Reversal of sleep pattern
1. Forgetfulness, confusion
2. Personality changes
3. Somnolence
4. Semistupor
*sweet pungent odour of breath
*anaemia, renal failure |
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