Term
| Parietal Cells are located in the _______ of the stomach and secrete ________ |
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Definition
Body
HCl and Intrinsic Factor |
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Term
| Chief Cells are located in the _______ of the stomach and secrete ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| G Cells are located in the _______ of the stomach and secrete ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Mucous Cells are located in the _______ of the stomach and secrete ________ |
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Definition
Antrum
Mucus, Pepsinogen, HCO3- |
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Term
| Basal secretion of stomach acid is regulated by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Stimulated acid secretion is broken down into two phases: |
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Definition
Cephalic Phase
Gastric Phase |
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Term
| The stimuli that activates the cephalic phase are: |
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Definition
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Term
| The stimuli that activates the gastric phase are: |
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Definition
- Distension
- Distension of Antrum
- Amino acids, small peptides
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Term
| The mechanisms of acid secretion for the cephalic phase are: |
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Definition
Vagus ---> Parietal cells
Vagus --> Gastrin --> Parietal cell |
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Term
| The mechanisms of acid secretion during distension are: |
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Definition
Vagus ---> Parietal cells
Vagus --> Gastrin --> Parietal cell
(distention of antrum): Local reflex --> Gastrin --> Parietal cell |
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Term
| Protective mechanisms of the stomach (Pre-epithelial) are: |
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Definition
- Mucus
- Bicarbonate
- Surface Active Phospholipids
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Term
| Protective mechanisms of the stomach (Epithelial) are: |
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Definition
- Cellular resistance
- Restitution
- Growth factors, Prostaglandins
- Cell proliferation
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Term
| Protective mechanisms of the stomach (Sub-epithelial) are: |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of Acid Peptic Diseases |
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Definition
- Decreasing the level of gastric acidity
H2 receptor antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors, Antacids
- Enhancing mucosal protection
Sucralfate, Misoprostol
- Eradication of Helicobacter pylori
- Increasing esophageal sphincter pressure (GERD)
Prokinetic agents
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Term
| Omeprazole: Classification |
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Definition
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Term
| Rabeprazole: Classification |
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Definition
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Term
| Pantoprazole: Classification |
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Definition
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Term
| Esomeprazole: Classification |
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Definition
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Term
| Proton Pump Inhibitors: MOA |
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Definition
- Acid-Labile Prodrugs
- Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase
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Term
| Proton Pump Inhibitors: Drawbacks |
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Definition
- Short plasma half-life
- Have to activate pumps for PPI's to be effective
may last 1 month after discontinuation
acid rebound (dependency)
increased pH may alter bioavailability of orally administered drugs
increased incidence of enteric infections
nutritional deficiencies with long-term use (Vitamin B12, Calcium)
gastric atrophy
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Term
| Immediate Release PPIs: Advantages and Disadvantages |
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Definition
Omeprazole with Na+HCO3-
Advantages:
increase intragastric pH immediately
don't have to time drug dosing with food
faster relief of symptoms
Disadvantages:
same as other PPIs
additional problems due to Na+HCO3- (not for people with heart problems, milk alkali syndrome if taken with > 2 g/day calcium, systemic alkalosis) |
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Term
| Delayed Release PPIs: Advantages and Side Effects |
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Definition
Dexlansoprazole
Used for GERD
Has two discrete phases of release in the small intestine (pH dependent)
Advantages:
prolonged acid suppression
can be taken without food
Same side effects as other PPIs
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Term
| Cimetidine: Classification |
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Definition
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Term
| Famotidine: Classification |
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Definition
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Term
| Ranitidine: Classification |
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Definition
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Term
| Nizatidine: Classification |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the side effects of Antacids? |
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Definition
Constipation/Diarrhea
Acid rebound with calcium |
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Term
| Who shouldn't use Antacids? |
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Definition
Renal failure
Heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
- Undergoes extensive cross-linking in acid environment
- Produces a viscous, sticky polymer adhering to epithelial cells and craters
- Inhibits hydrolysis of mucosal proteins by pepsin
- May also stimulate production of prostaglandins
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Term
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Definition
Prostaglandin E1 Analogue
Used to prevent ulcers in those taking NSAIDs |
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Term
| Bismuth Subsalicylate: MOA |
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Definition
Reacts with hydrochloric acid to form bismuth oxychloride and salicylic
Produces antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-secretory, and cytoprotective effects |
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