When the zygote forms into an embryo

tells mother's gonads to support the growth of the chorion; causes morning sickness; acts on the thyroid

• Mullerian System forms into girl glands
• Wolfian System forms into boy glands
• Around 6 weeks either X or Y chromosomes express
• Testosterone is realeased for Y and not released for X
• After sex is decided, the unneeded system turns back into cells that are reabsorbed

• Mild: Develop male parts but have less sperm
• Severe: Have XY, never got testosterone, form as woman but no menstruation

• Intersex baby
• Ambiguous genitalia
• XX baby picks up male stuff so they become kinda male but kinda female

• White, cheeselike substance that protects fetus skin from chapping
• Forms in 2nd trimester

• Emphasized individual life history
• Utilized clinical/case study method
• Inspired a wealth of research in emotional and social development

• Children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate/explore the world
• There are stages
• Children think differently than adults
• Eventually children reach an equilibrium btwn internal structures and encountered info

• Underestimates competencies of infants & preschoolers
• Discovery learning may not always be better than adult teaching
• Doesn't take into sufficients account social & cultural influences
• Doesn't take into account major cognitive changes after adulthood

• Adaptive behaviour helps our species
• There are sensitive periods when an individual is primed to learn something

• Low birth weight
• Increased risk of illness
• Delayed physical and/or cognitive development

• If caregiver is low SES baby is high-risk for complications
• Need special infant stimulation; lots of gentle touch and motion
• Premies may be less responsive and parents therefore care for them poorly

• Will likely always need a C-Section after the first one
• More recovery time
• Can cause breathing problems in baby

• May identify babies as in-danger when they aren't
• Increases number of C-Sections
• Uncomfortable

• Weakins uterine contractions
• Prolonged labour
• Can mess with baby

• Long-term study; can last up to lifetime
• Can identify common patterns & individual differences; can examine relationships btwn earlier and later events and behaviours
• Many people may drop-out; ppl become more aware; cohort effects

• Groups of ppl from differing age groups are studied at the same time
• Don't have to worry about drop out or practice effect
• Does not describe evelopment at the individual level; cohort effect

• Conduct several similar longitudinal or cross-sectional studies at the same time
• Accounts for cohort effect; can make longitudical and cross-sectional comparisons
• Not many have been conducted to date