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Definition
| The science of audio (sound), which includes its production, transmissions, and effects. |
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| How is it related to your technical area? |
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Definition
| The Media Broadcasting students basically use microphones for Raven Report or interviews & stories, which amplifies sound directly from the “source”. |
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Because…
1.) I am interested in music…
2.) …and I want to know how sound is produced and how and when this theory started.
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Chrysippus (240 B.C.E. - 206 B.C.E.)
(Who is he and what did he theorize?)
What did he think happened to sound? |
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Definition
Greek philosopher; Believed that air motion is generated by a source, creating a sound wave of disturbance caused by a movement of energy through any medium as it propagates away from the source of the sound.
lThe source is some object that causes a vibration, such as a ringing telephone, or a person's vocal chords.
lThe pattern of the disturbance creates outward movement in a wave pattern.
lThe wave carries the sound energy through the medium, usually in all directions and less intensely as it moves farther from the source.
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Marin Mersenne (1588 – 1648)
(Who was he and what did he theorize?)
What did he do to for this theory? |
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French physicist;
He believed that the first absolute determination of the frequency of an audible tone (at 84 Hz) implies that he had already demonstrated that the absolute-frequency ratio of two vibrating strings, radiating a musical tone and its octave, is 1 : 2.
The perceived harmony (consonance) of two such notes would be explained if the ratio of the air oscillation frequencies is also 1 : 2, which in turn is consistent with the source-air-motion-frequency-equivalence hypothesis.
lInvented a stringed instrument and used the Pythagorean Theorem to determine the tension, frequency, length, and oscillation of the string to determine the sound it produced.
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Pierre Gassendi (1592 - 1655)
(Who was he and what did he theorize?)
What did he do? |
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French physicist; Same as Mersenne!
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He tested Mersenne’s theory and implied that he was right.
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lHe got the credit the Mersenne rightfully deserved (What a shame…)
He also used the Pythagorean Theorem to determine the ratio of whole numbers in sound. He also said that velocity of sound is the speed of atoms. But only one thing Gassendi implied differently from Mersenne’s experiment: he said that sound is due to a stream of “atoms” emitted by the sounding body (Ex. Vocal chords of a human being). |
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Robert Boyle (1622 - 1691)
(Who was he and what did he theorize?)
What did he experiment on? |
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English physicist;
He thought that air was necessary, either for the production or transmission of sound.
lHe tested the theory with an experiment on the sound radiation.
lIn 1668, he (with the help of his assistant Robert Hooke) conducted a series of experiments involving vacuums. One experiment involved putting a bell in a jar with a mechanism to make the bell ring as the jar was turned around. They then pumped the air out of the jar. As the air was removed, the noise of the bell grew fainter, and then silent.
lThis ringing could not be heard because the sound waves could not travel through the vacuum inside the jar.
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Sir Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727)
(Who was he and what did he theorize?)
What did he experiment on? |
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Definition
English physicist;
•He believed that a mechanical interpretation of sound as being "pressure" pulses transmitted through neighboring fluid particles.
•He derived the relationship for wave velocity in solids, a cornerstone of physical acoustics.
•His famous diagram of acoustics was the one in his book known as “Principa” where Point A is the source of sound; the hole is described by points B and C. Points de, fg, hi, etc., described the “tops of several waves, divided from each other by as many intermediate valleys or hollows.”
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Georg Ohm (1789 - 1854)
(Who was he and what did he theorize?)
What did he experiment on? |
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Definition
German physicist;
lHe believed that a musical sound is perceived by the ear as a set of a number of constituent pure harmonic tones (Later to be known as Ohm’s Law in acoustics).
lThere’s not much to know about this law, but in other words, his law was interpreted as "a pitch corresponding to a certain frequency can only be heard if the acoustical wave contains power at that frequency.“
lThis man invented the wheel of acoustics giving distinct formulas for sound intensity, sound pressure, the sound’s particle velocity, and the sound’s acoustic impedance.
lA man by the name of W. Dixon Ward rejected this theory by saying, “For years musicians have been told that the ear is able to separate any complex signal into a series of sinusoidal signals – that is acts as a Fourier analyzer. This quarter-truth, known as Ohm's Other Law, has served to increase the distrust with which perceptive musicians regard scientists, since it is readily apparent to them that the ear acts in this way only under very restricted conditions.”
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The theory of acoustics (Or sound) is what I have presented. This actually relates to my tech area because we use microphones and amplifiers, which produces sound and we use the audio board, which increases the volume of the subject. I was interested in this theory because I am into the art of music and I am in a band and mainly because I’m a singer, so I wondered, “How did the theory of sound all started?”
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i. Chrysippus
ii. Marin Mersenne
iii. Pierre Gassendi
iv. Robert Boyle
v. Sir Isaac Newton
vi. Georg Ohm |
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| How did history and technology changed this area of science? |
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Definition
History and technology have changed this area of science with different theories developed by the thinkers that I have presented. |
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| How did this area of science influence history? |
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This area of science influenced history and technology with different inventions of musical instruments (Bass, guitar, drums, microphones, amps, etc.) and audio devices (Ex. Radio, CD players, mp3/mp4 players, etc.) and has been conducted in almost every experiment ever done. |
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| How is this related to your tech area? |
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Definition
It’s related to my tech area because the audio portion of Media Broadcasting is what we use for microphones for different occasions such as interviews, Raven Report, and other things. It also relates to the different audio frequencies and pitches coming from the microphones by using the sound board and the audio mixer (For Avid Editing station) |
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| What do you think will happen in the future? |
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Definition
In the future, I believe that different theories by future scientists will be conduced into more and more experiments and I believe that new technology for audio will be invented by those scientists. |
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