Term
| something typical of SI model |
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Definition
| integrating and using a number of sources of sensory information in the midst of accomplishing a meaningful, pleasurable task |
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Jane Ayres observed and recognized:
children with LD had difficulty interpreting sensory info from their bodies and the environment
sensory processing problems were often related to deficits in motor and academic learning |
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Definition
a conceptualization of how the brain functions as an organizer and interpreter of sensory information.
*experimental neuroscience on normal development studies, and on investigations with children who have learning disabilities. |
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Term
| sensory integration dysfunction |
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Definition
| occurs when the brain does not become properly organized for processing and integrating sensory info. |
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| population that SI is intended for |
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Definition
| persons with mild to moderate problems in learning and behavior who do not have frank neurological damage |
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| things the SI model addresses |
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Definition
difficulties in sensory organization in the brain but not outright physical damage to the CNS
EX: stroke,CP, and spina bifida |
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Term
| sensory integration impairment |
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Definition
| brain fails to organize properly in the absence of clear neurological damage to the CNS or peripheral sensory pathways |
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children with LD and children with sensory issues were not one group.
She suspected that they would manifest different types of sensory integrative problems.
She tested this by comparing typical children and children with Si problems and identified patterns of SI impairment
clusters of problems and neurological explanations backed up with empirical research |
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Term
| early influences of SI model |
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Definition
neurodevelopmental approaches
originally based on an evolutionary view of the brain which emphasized that "as the brain evolved, higher and newer structures like the cerebral cortex remained dependent on adequate functioning of older structures" |
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| understanding of this is central to the SI model |
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Definition
The brain
new info. from the neurosciences is incorporated in the model and used to revise its theory.
constructs that discuss how the brain processes sensation and the resulting motor, behavior, emotrion and attention responses |
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Definition
| neurological process that organizes sensation from one's own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively in the environment |
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| 5 basic assumptions of SI theory |
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Definition
1. Neural Plasticity- ability of brain to change or be modified as a result of ongoing experiences of sensory processing
2. There is a developmental sequence of SI capacities-sequence unfolds as a result of interaction between normal brain maturation and accumulation of sensory experiences
3. The brain functions as an integrated whole
4. The brain organization and adaptive behavior are interactive: that is, brain organization makes possible adaptive behavior and adaptive behavior affects brain organization
5. people have an inner drive to participate in sensory motor activities |
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Definition
| dependent on the ability to take in and process sensation from movement and the environment and to use it to plan and organize behavior |
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Definition
| the processing of sensory info. in the brain results in development of new neural interconnections that allow sensory info. to flow through appropriate channels and be interrelated with other sensory data. |
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sensory integration and organization and adaptive occupational behavior result in a spiral of development.
increases with sensory motor activities |
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Term
| developmental aspect of SI |
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Definition
| enhancing sensory intake provides for further intake of sensory information in future sensory motor activities. Thus the spiral continues with the child building on each new level of brain organization. |
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| major arena for sensory motor behavior to take place |
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Definition
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Term
| more recent ideas of SI and neuro development |
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Definition
brain functions as a whole w/ important connections between cortical and subcortical functions
The higher cortical processes require that sensory integration occurs at lower subcortical levels.
plus, subcortical levels depend on cortical functions for processing sensory info. |
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Term
| physiological focus of sensory integration |
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Definition
| the sensory processes that are mostly subcortical and that profoundly affect higher cortical processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| a wide variety of emotional and behavioral aspects of a child's performance as well as the ability to learn academic skills |
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Term
| areas of sensory functioning |
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Definition
multimodal sensory processing.
Most attention has been directed to tactile, vestibular and proprioceptive sensory information but auditory and visual sensory information have also been considered. |
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Definition
sensory awareness of one's position and head movement in relation to gravity
very important as a basis for sensory organization in the brain
experience of gravity and the use of the body in relationship to gravity is a ubiquitous feature of human action |
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Definition
the perception of joint and body movement and of the position of the body and its segments in space.
depends on sensory info. from the muscles and joints that underlies the development of body awareness.
also involves info. via impt. efferent feedback loop |
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Term
| vestibular and proprioceptive sensation importance in SI |
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Definition
vestibular receptors detect movement of the head and elicit compensatory head, trunk and limb movements which correct for any movement of the head, trunk or limb to help us stay upright against gravity.
These receptors are also connected with eye muscles and enable the eyes to move in order to compensate for movement of the head. |
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Term
| The frame of reference for SI |
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Definition
proprioceptive and vestibular
provides a frame of reference from which other sensory data are interpreted.
Serves as a reference point for monitoring and controlling movement. |
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Term
| Inner Drive and play in SI model |
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Definition
inner drive- children have inner drive to seek out organizing sensations-manifested in sensory motor and play
in play children fulfill their needs for action |
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Term
| mind/body idea in SI model |
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Definition
| mind and brain are interrelated. Interdependence requires that children have positive experiences in using their bodies for the brain to be properly oriented to receive and organize sensory information. |
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Term
| necessary elements of process of SI |
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Definition
| experience and motivation |
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Term
| spiral process of self actualization |
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Definition
reflects an integration of many ideas
attempts to synthesize MOHO with sensory integration concepts
accounts for the motivation factor in SI not just the neurodevelopmental
inner drive lead the indiviual to seek out and engage in sensorimotor activities that provide opportunities for sensory intake.
Through a process of SI, the CNS must process, organize and modulate sensory intake from the body and environment.
Individual must plan and organize adaptive behaviors, etc. See page 208 in book |
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Term
| basic view of impairment according to SI |
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Definition
| when individuals have deficits in processing and integrating sensory inputs, they also experience difficulty in planning and producing behavior that, in turn, interferes with conceptual and motor learning |
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Term
| sensory modulation disorder |
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Definition
exists when people have difficulty responding to sensory input with behavior that is graded relative to the degree, nature, or intensity of the sensory information
3 subtypes
sensory overresponsivity
sensory underresponsivity
sensory seeking/craving |
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Term
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Definition
| responding with more speed, intensity or duration than is typical to one or many types of sensory information |
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Term
| sensory underresponsivity |
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Definition
| disregarding or not responding to sensory information leading to apathy or lethargy |
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Definition
| insatiable desire for and seeking excessive amounts of sensory information or a specific type of sensory information |
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Term
| sensory-based motor disorders |
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Definition
manifest as difficulties with postural or volitional movement. Includes:
postural disorders-diff. stabilizing during rest or when moving
dyspraxia-impaired ability to conceive of, plan, sequence, or execute novel actions |
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Term
| sensory processing disorder (SPD) |
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Definition
sensory modulation disorder-SOR,SUR,SS
sensory based motor disorder-dyspraxia, postural disorders
sensory discrimination disorder-
visual
auditory
tactile
vestibular
proprioception
taste/smell |
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Term
| sensory discrimination disorder |
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Definition
refers to difficulty interpreting sensory info.
Difficulty perceiving similarities and differences among stimuli
can involve problems with visual, auditory, tactile vestibular or proprioceptive sensations and with taste/smell.
may manifest as awkward or slow motor performance or as difficulty with learning or language processes, depending on the types of sensations involved.
lots of empirical data on this |
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Term
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Definition
| provide opportunities for enhanced sensory intake, provided within planning and organizing of an adaptive behavior, will imporve the ability of the CNS to process and integrate sensory inputs and through this process, enhance conceptual and motor learning. |
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Term
| assessments for SI therapy |
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Definition
well established and developed and clearly outlined.
traditionally included the use of a formalized battery of tests, informal observation of performance and data gathered from caregivers and other sources.
need a top-down approach to assessment |
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Term
| sensory integration and praxis tests |
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Definition
battery of tests designed to help therapists identify and understand sensory integrative impairments in children four through eight years of age
battery- tests relationships among tactile processing, vestibular-proprioceptive processing, visual perception and practice (planning ability).
grouped in 4 overlapping areas
*form and space, visual-motor coordination and constructional ability
*tactile discrimination
*praxis
*vestibular and proprioceptive processing
SIPT include 17 individually administered tests completed in about 90 minutes all tasks are performance oriented.
computer scored
specific pattern of low scores is indicative of a particular kind of problem |
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Term
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Definition
| specific training and assessments used by those trained in this method. The course is lengthy and because of the training and time involved other assessment strategies are increasingly used. |
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Term
| newer assessments used with SI model |
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Definition
sensory profile-measure of responses to commonly occurring sensory experiences designed for children aged 3-10 and the adolescent/adult sensory profile which is a self-report
The gravitational insecurity assessment-15 activities that create fear-inducing situations for children with gravitational insecurity and is used to identify children with this problem
The Test of Ideational Praxis-children asked to show the examiner all the things they can think of doing with six standard objects
The sensory processing measure-school-rating scale that captures information on sensory processing, praxis and participation in school.
Treatment is meant to have impact on behavior and so observations of neuromotor status and behavioral organization are also relevant to monitoring progress |
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not just children with ld
adults
persons with schiophrenia
individuals with MR |
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Definition
knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the vestibular-proprioceptive system is used to determine what kind of sensory experience would most effectively stimulate vestibular organs and proprioceptors and elicit particular postural reactions.
neurology provides the logic for which therapy procedures to use |
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Definition
| suspended equipment and scooter boards in context of play |
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Definition
| shift from remediating the underlying problem in the client to focusing on how the problem interacts with everyday performance and choosing best approach |
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| core elements of sensory integration intervention process |
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Definition
provide sensory opportunities
provide just-right challenge
collaborate on activity choice
guide self-organization
support optimal arousal
create play context
maximize child's success
ensure physical safety
arrange room to engage child
foster therapeutic alliance |
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Definition
| important outcome measures of intervention was developing the ability to understand and reframe their child's behavior as a way to support and advocate for the child |
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Term
| reason for wide range of outcomes in research on SI |
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Definition
| treatment is individualized and therefor hard to measure and standardize |
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Term
| difference between SI theory model and sensorimotor approach |
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Definition
| sensorimotor emphasizes specific motor responses, whereas the concern of the theory model is specifically with how the child processes sensation |
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Term
| SI theory model vs. sensory stimulation programs |
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Definition
| sensory stimulation programs apply sensation to the child whereas in the sensory integrative approaches the child seeks out the sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in one's body position to maintain equilibrium |
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