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Theory final review Functional Group
Theory final review Functional Group model
47
Other
Graduate
02/23/2011

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Term
functional groups are considered appropriate for clients who need to:
Definition
evaluate their own ability to carry out life roles

Acquire skills and role behaviors

Develop communication and interaction skills to enhance occupational performance

prevent loss or deterioration of skills and behaviors

Improve health, wellness, or quality of life
Term
true groups include:
Definition
interaction among their members
a common goal
a relationship between size and function (the size of the group is related to what the group is supposed to accomplish)
Members desire or consent to participate in a group
a democratic capacity for self-determination
Term
group structure
Definition
refers to the combination of mutually connected and dependent parts of the group that form its existence

includes the organization and procedures of the group
Term
group cohesion
Definition
refers to the intensity of feeling for and identification with the group among its members

it is reflected in a sense of group solidarity in how much the members value and care about the group
Term
stages of group development
Definition
refers to the phases a group passes through during its existence

dynamic and unpredictable and may have fluctuations

common trajectory in which the group must first be: formed followed by building of relationships
deciding aims and procedures,
accomplishing tasks and
then terminating.
Term
content
Definition
refers to tasks done during the group and what is said or discussed

EX: OT group cooks a common meal, the activities involved in cooking and the necessary conversation about getting the cooking done is the content.
Term
process
Definition
refers to how things are said and done and how the group goes about accomplishing its goals

EX: how the group decides what to cook and whether everyone has a say in the decision-making are parts of the process
Term
two types of group behavior that contribute to the group process
Definition
*group task functions that enable the group to accomplish its aims related to content
*group building and maintenance functions that help create and sustain relationships and connections between members.
Term
what affects group cohesion
Definition
how members mutually understand, accept and support each other and by the extent of trust between members
Term
Mosey's group levels
Definition
parallel
project
egocentric cooperative groups
cooperative groups
mature groups
Term
group roles
Definition
examples are:
initiator-contribuotr
energizer
encourager
harmonizer
gatekeeper

individual roles within a group include:
dominator, playboy (clown) or aggressor
Term
basis of group model
Definition
interaction analysis, group membership and leadership functions, group dynamics, the phases of group development and the impact of group process on individual growth
Term
principles of groups
Definition
encompass a common goal and dynamic interaction of their members

have capacity for self-direction

can become increasingly independent of designated leadership

can address individual needs

provide multiple types of feedback and support

can support members growth and change
Term
members bring to group
Definition
innate drive for competence and hierarchy of needs
Term
interrelation of groups, therapy and occupation
Definition
* functional groups provide members with a here-and-now reality orientation that encourages growth and change

*functional groups are designed to give the amount and type of feedback and support that address members' needs

*Group activities and discussions can be structured to encourage group-centered leadership, giving members an opportunity to learn about their own capabilities and about how the environment or context influences them

*through participation in activities and discussion, functional groups encourage and promote growth and change

functional groups can be structure or organized to accomodate many levels of human developent and functioning.
Term
basic concepts of functional group model
Definition
adaptation
occupation

action-oriented and promotes adaptation through action
Term
4 types of action that promote adaptation that can occur in a functional group
Definition
purposeful action
self-initiated action
spontaneous (here-and-now) action
group-centered action
Term
purposeful action
Definition
occurs when a member perceives the group activity as being congruent with the member's characteristics
Term
factors that influence the experience of purposeful action are:
Definition
social and cultural relevance to the member
match the member's skill level
meanings evoked by the objects used, interaction with other participants and the general context
Term
congruency with characteristics and characteristics of an activity
Definition
greater likelihood that member will experience pleasure and satisfaction and learning or change will occur
Term
self-initiated action
Definition
refers to a member's volitional efforts to be a part of the group and to benefit from participation

people differ in their capability of self-initiated action

Occurs when members are in sync with the goals of the group
Term
spontaneous (here-and-now) action
Definition
refers to behaviors that emerge instinctively from the group process and contribute to members experiential learning.

allows members to exercise and improve perception, judgement and decision-making

safe groups allow for this
Term
group-centered action
Definition
action that takes into consideration the emotional and social needs of all members and that contributes toward a common task and goal.

leader aims to create an environment that encourages interdependent action requiring group members to function as members of the group and not just as individual agents
Term
role of leader in group model
Definition
to facilitate the four types of action in the functional group

purposeful action
self-initiated action
spontaneous action
group-centered action
Term
functional group seeks to:
Definition
enhance occupational behavior and thus adaptation by mobilizing dynamic group forces that have the potential to positively shape people's understanding of themselves or their abilities
Term
groups can provide
Definition
their own dynamic that influences behavior of the group as a whole

sense of identity and self-worth to members

social positions (roles)
require persons to respond to environmental expectations
structure that guides
interactions
Term
assessment instruments used in the functional group
Definition
two categories of assessments

1. by psychologists and sociologists for observing group dynamics and group content and process (sociogram)

2. form assessments that indicate types of roles

both include:


observations
needs assessment
content and process analysis
Term
group form assessments
Definition
usually completed by the group leader

assess:
members and context
functional group protocol (planning form)
session plan (planing form)
session evaluation form
Term
purpose of group form assessments
Definition
provide formats to structure leader reflection and self-assessment including:

leader self-assess
assessment of activity and leadership
Term
in functional group model members
Definition
taught (encouraged) to be both observers and evaluatorsof group process and progress toward goals

group itself can be used as an arena for evaluation of individual occupational behaviors of members
Term
leadership
Definition
the ability to promote those behaviors that lead to the satisfaction of group needs.
Term
four stages of group
Definition
designed
formed
developed
concluded

during each stage the leader conducts assessments and takes appropriate leadership action to ensure the group is functioning well and positively influencing its members.
Term
designing a functional group
Definition
therapist defines group goals, develops plans, selects members, and initially outlines a proposed group structure.

involves:
assessing client needs and available supports for the group

determining group goals and methods which may involve:-pre-group interview-gathering info. on history of existing group from records or staff-assessment to determine characteristics of groups members and context-developing a session plan to establish the goals and framework for each session

establishing group membership criteria and compositions and size

planning the group and the tasks that will be performed in the group
Term
issues needing addressing at the formation
Definition
members need to feel sense of acceptance and belonging

relationship of the members to the leader

balancing individual with group goals

establishing trust
Term
leader must
Definition
strive to create an environment that supports purposeful, self-initiated, spontaneous and group-centered action through out.

evaluate the progress of the group (along with members)

identify and manage problems that arise

self-reflect

ensure that members can go on from the group realizing and retaining their learning and positive changes and with a concrete sense of their accomplishments or how to apply their learning to outside the group
Term
concluding the group
Definition
review and summarizing the members' experience in the group

addressing members' concerns and feelings about the termination
Term
research on groups
Definition
most have to do with "how" to do groups
"how to achieve best results and "how to manipulate variables in group practice".

evidence is growing

less research on the outcomes of group intervention
Term
the functional group model and research
Definition
This model has been used as a framework in research regarding the effectiveness of group intervention

activity based-groups found more effective than a verbal group in improving clients' independent functioning and perceptions of their social skills

found that group treatment of patients who had hip replacements was more cost effective than individ. treatment

group-based OT had a positive impact on functional status of persons with Parkinson's disease while being less labor intensive than services offered individually
Term
central dynamic of functional group model
Definition
client's participation in occupations and the importance of context and group dynamics to influence the impact it has on clients.
Term
use of other models with functional group
Definition
can be used with other models (biomechanical, motor, cognitive) but functional group model is used to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate the group process components.
Term
open and closed group
Definition
open is open enrollment at all times

closed is only open to certain members then membership is stopped.
Term
maintenance functions
Definition
processes that strengthen group effectiveness and cohesion
Term
group roles
Definition
the ways in which members contribute to the overall functioning of the group in terms of group tasks or social-emotional elements.
Term
group history
Definition
the story of the group's past structure and functioning
Term
psychological field
Definition
a property of groups that acts like an energy field, influencing the behavior of the group as a whole and the behavior of individual members of the group
Term
concepts specific to functional groups
Definition
encompass a common goal and dynamic interaction of their members

have capacity for self-direction

can become increasingly independent of designated leadership

can address individual needs

provide multiple types of feedback and support

can support members' growth and change
Term
leader's role during the four stages of group development
Definition
conduct assessment and takes appropriate leadership action in order to ensure that the group is functioning well and positively influencing its members
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