Term
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Definition
an indiscrimate need to compete and win and to avoid losing at any cost, as a means of maintaining or enhancing ones feelings of self-worth.
includes feelings & thoughts of manipulation, aggressiveness, exploitation, and derogration of others.
-typically grow up in families where they were verbally and physically abused by parents. -->unconcious feelings of being powerless & insignificant--> fantasize about attaining unlimited sucess and power .
-grandiose sense of self importance and an exhibitionism designed to win attention, recognition and admiration.
-regard everyone with mistrust |
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Term
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Definition
have an inclination to lie when it suits their purposes, to lack remorse when they have wronged others, and to be manipulative.
morally barren
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Term
| secondary psychopathology |
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Definition
| tend to be more guilt ridden and less clear in their life goals. |
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Term
| characteristics of hypercompetitiveness |
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Definition
irrational beliefs
catastrophizing in stressful situations
making extreme either-or statements
high in narcissim, neuroticism, answer and hostility towards others.
lie, cheat, manipulate others |
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Term
| Personal development competitor |
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Definition
psychologically healthy individual
-they want to win, but not at any cost.
-they see their opponents as providing them with an opportunity to improve themselves and as helping them to move toward task mastery.
-high self esteem, altruistic, treat others as equals |
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Term
| Horneys view of Neuroses in the family |
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Definition
attitudes and behaviors of hypercompetitive parents that cause disturbed relationships-
-direct or indirect domination
-indifference
-erratic behavior
-lack of respect for the childs individual needs
-lack of real guidance
-hostile atmosphere etc..
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Term
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Definition
a feeling of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world.
-feel like their freedom is being taken away, and happiness prevented by parents and other adult authority figures.
-self esteem and self reliance are continually being undermined.
natural exuberance and curiosity is stifled by brutality or overprotective love. |
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Term
| Neurotic coping strategies |
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Definition
to cope with the feelings of insecurity and isolation children often resort to defensive attitudes which make them feel safe.
unconscious |
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Term
| The neurotic need for affection and approval |
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Definition
show a hunger for affection, regardless of whether or not they care for the person concerned or whether the person has any positive feelings towards them.
overly sensetive to any criticism or indication that the attention they want and need from others is not coming.
incapable of saying no to others demands. |
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Term
| Neurotic need for a partner who will take over one's life |
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Definition
excessively dependent on others
feel lonely & inadequate without the presence, benevolence, love, and friendship of a partner.
select one without much prior reflection and does not meet expectations.
as with all neurotics, incapable of love, bc they end up being associated with others who are bound by the same limitations |
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Term
| neurotic need to restrict ones life within narrow borders |
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Definition
neurotics are typically not risk takers
avoid many situations by claiming they are boring or not worthwhile.
reject teaching or business exec jobs bc they are afraid of public humilitation and failure.
safe in a life which has routine and orderliness. compulsive modesty and submission to the will of others. |
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Term
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Definition
striving for powers springs from anxiety, weakness, and feelings of inferiority.
-serves as a protection against helplessness, one of the key elements o basic anxiety.
-avoid situations where they would have to ask for help or yield to the wishes of others.
rigid idealized images of themselves.
-must always be right and never give in |
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Term
| neurotic need to exploit others |
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Definition
-may steal peoples ideas, jobs, partners to obtain relief from their feelings of insecurity.
-expect others to do things for them and lend them money.
-live as thought they had a right to expect good things to happen to them and to blame others for bad things.
fear that others will cheat or exploit them. |
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Term
neurotic need for social recognition and prestige
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Definition
devote virtually all of their energy to the attainment of recognition and prestige.
-driven by the need to be admired and respected by others
-it is imperative that they have prominent friends, belong to prestigious groups, read the latest books, see the latest plays and films, and have spouses who enhance their prestige.
primary fear: loss of status |
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Term
neurotic need for personal admiration
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Definition
driven to create an idealized image of themselves.
-they act as though they were paragons of virtue or intelligence and are thereby forced to deny the fact theat they are not always generous, loving, caring, or brilliant. |
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Term
neurotic need for ambition for personal achievement
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Definition
may want to simultaneously be a great painter, an outstanding physician, a prominent musician, and a world-renowned architect.
-bc they expect too much they are doomed for failure and dissapointment.
"no one but i shall be beautiful, capable, and sucessful" |
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Term
neurotic need for self-sufficency and independence
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Definition
they are afraid to express emotional feelings toward others lest they be placed in a vulnerable position and learn negative things about themselves, which would be shattering. so they avoid long term commitments like marriage.
by staying away from others they maintain their illusion of personal superiority. |
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Term
neurotic need for perfection and unassailability
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Definition
| self righteous, authoritarian parents who exercised unquestioned control over their lives and who instilled the the need to attain lofty goals and to apply excessively high standards to their actions. |
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Term
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Definition
-moving TOWARD people.
-neurotic needs for:
-affection and approval
-for a partner to control their lives
-life contained within restricted borders.
need to be liked, wanted, loved, appreciated, protected, and guided by others.
tend to be self effacing and submissive and to devalue their own talents and abilities.
highly dependent on others |
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Term
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Definition
neurotic need for:
-power
-exploitaion
-social recognition and prestige
-personal admiration
-personal achievement
moving AGAINST people
believe people are hostile and untrustworthy
-only the fittest survive and that the strong annihilate the weak.
primary aim: to be tough, or at least appear tough.
antisocail, sadistic, narcissistic |
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Term
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Definition
moving AWAY from people.
neurotic needs for:
-self-sufficiency and perfection.
highly avoidant of others and self-defeating
always want to be alone |
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Term
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Definition
contradictory attitudes that create turmoil and conflict on an unconscious level, sap the persons energies, and result in fatigue and inefficiency in solving problems.
neurotic individuals are driven to fight, comply, be aloof, regardless of whether or not their behavior is appropriate to the circumstances. |
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Term
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Definition
Horney agreed with freud that adult personality structure and functioning are influenced by early childhood experiences.
unconscious processes play an important role.
defenses grow out of ppls way of coping with inner conflicts and anxiety.
disagreed:
inherited set of sexual and aggressive strivings is more important than the enviornment.
-strongly criticized oedipal conflict and penis envy. |
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Term
| humanistic view of development |
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Definition
| everyone is special and has a unique set of potentials that will flourish under wise parental guidance. |
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Term
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Definition
| everyone could develop toward self-realization; that is, they could develop the depth and clarity of their own feelings, thoughts, wishes, and interests, the ability to tap their own resources and gifts, the faculty to express themselves, and the ability to relate to others spontaneously. |
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Term
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Definition
people see themselves with unlimited abilities and powers. they become heroes, geniuses, lovers,saints,gods.
-provide an avenue for dealing with their basic conflict |
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Term
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Definition
neurotics try to actualize the idealized self by achieving success, glory, and triumph in the outside world.
driven to be perfect. |
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Term
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Definition
| he should be the perfect lover, should be able to endure everything..etc |
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Term
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Definition
the self as it is at the moment
measured against the idealized self, the actual self inevitably falls short. |
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Term
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Definition
areas in which obvious contradictions are blotted out or ignored.
neurotics are often inordinately numb to their own experiences |
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Term
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Definition
the seperation of beliefs or actions into categories so that they do not appear inconsistent with one another.
ex: ku klux kan being religious but racist towards black people |
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Term
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Definition
| uses plausible excuses to justify ones perceived weakness or failures. |
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Term
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Definition
| compulsive need to restrict expression of emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| they attempt to settle all disputes by declaring dogmatically that they are correct |
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Term
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Definition
| as a means of protection can never be pinned down to any statement; they deny ever having made the statement or claim that the other person misinterpreted their meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| denying and deriding of moral values. they believe that people are not to be trusted, and that they an do whatever they please as long as they are not caught. |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses primarily on understanding and explaining the development of the self and its impact on the persons mental health within a context of human interaction. |
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Term
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Definition
he believed that there are important distinctions between the self and the ego, and that the self is the more fundamental concept. the id, ego, and superego are all facets and agencies of an underlying self; their actions are controlled and directed by the self when it is functioning in a healthy way
the ego provides the person with with the means to solve his orher problems in a realistic and creative way. |
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Term
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Definition
| freudian objects: another person (ones husband or wife) , a part or parts of the person (penis, breasts), or a thing (agression->destroying a chair). |
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Term
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Definition
external objects are real people.
internal objects are mental representations of people or things that exsist within the self.
called self objects because the individual experiences them as an integral part of the self. |
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Term
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Definition
| pathological behavior is caused by threats and damage to the self |
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Term
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Definition
| gained by general care, support, and love positive interaction btw child and the parents. within the first two-three years of life. |
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Term
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Definition
infant
state of self-love that is perfect and blissful
all needs are fulfilled by mother
inevitably disrupted, infant needs blissfulness back and grandiose self emerges |
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Term
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Definition
| unconscious belief of the child that he or she is great and perfect. |
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Term
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Definition
yearning to be admired and to have an impact on others
-usually by the mother
by reflecting, echoing, approving, and confirming his or her innate sense of greatness.
-mirroring makes it possible for child to internalize others apporval and admiration.
empathy |
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Term
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Definition
| mother handles the immature, exhibitionistic needs of her child by adopting a calming soothing and loving attitude as she makes clear the unrealistic nature of the childs strivings, rather than by acting agressively toward the child. |
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Term
| transmuting internalization |
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Definition
the child can now disengage some of the primitive narcissistic libido from the grandiose self and invest it into the realistic independent nuclear self
when self-object support is phase-appropriate and gradually limited the child can learn to do without assistance what previously had been done for him or her by the parents |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to empathize or mirror the child produces lowering of his or her self esteem; then in a defensive attempt to ward off feelings of inadequacy, the child fixates on the grandiose self and as a result exhibitoinistic self are enhanced and displayed |
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Term
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Definition
child has a need to idealize.
father for male, mother for female
child unconciously attempts to restore equil. by identifying and associating with an admired, omnipotent, self object.
unrealistic idealization is necessary for children to begin growing healthy way but parents must gradually limit the admiration through optimal frustrations |
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Term
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Definition
the healthy parent is one who is optimally failing.
-father must gradually reveal some of his limitations to his son when he considers it helpful.
-force the child to learn to do things on his own in an empathetic way. |
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Term
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Definition
-first 2 or 3 years o life
-represents the effort to realize the imperfections and limitations of the self: the grandiose self and the idealizing self
soild foundation in which choesive self can be built |
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Term
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Definition
quality of the nuclear self
degree of integration coherence and vitality of the nuclear self
helps individual toward attaining optimal mental health |
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Term
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Definition
| kohut believe fixations to be the result of the childs defensive efforts to cope with damage to the nuclear self that has been caused by unempathetic parents and not as a result of the childs sexual aims |
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Term
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Definition
the child demands an emotionally supportive food giving self object ( the mother) to empathically minister to his or her needs.
it is damage to the self that produces pleasure seeking sexualized drive fixations |
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Term
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Definition
if mother "rejects" the gift of the feces she is rejecting the self that is just beginning to assert itself as a center of creative productive initative
-may have excessive concern with a body part |
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Term
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Definition
only children with cohesive nuclear selves are able to work through the oedipal conflicts
needs a firm nuclear self |
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Term
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Definition
extreme damage to the self
few defense mechanisms are available to cover the defect
-parents fail to meet both needs: the need to idealize and the need to be mirrored |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| schizoid personality disorders |
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Definition
emotional distance from others by showing emotional coldness and flatness
protects them from a serious breakup or distoration of the self.
lack intimacy, seem indifferent to opportunitys to develop close realtionships and do not derive much satisfaction from being part of a family or group. |
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Term
| paranoid personality disorders |
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Definition
| distance themselves from others by being hostile and suspicious. |
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Term
| narcissistic personality disorders |
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Definition
| individuals with grandiose styles of THINKING, hypersenstvity to critisim and overreactions to failure that interfere with normal functioning |
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Term
| narcissistic behavior disorder |
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Definition
individuals who ACT OUT their grandiose fantasies
-ppl with NPD have low self esteem
-overestimate their abilities
-appear boastful and pretencious
-preoccupied with beauty, power etc.
-not all pathological, some operate with normal range of thinking and behavior |
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Term
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Definition
understimulated self
-fragmented self
-overstimulated self
-overburdened self |
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Term
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Definition
-results from lack of responsiveness to the childs mirroring and idealizing needs.
-experience themselves as boring and apethetic and will resort to stimulation to get rid of feelings of deadness.
-engaging in daredevil activities etc |
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Term
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Definition
-lack of parental responsiveness
-inability to respond may focus on a single aspect of the childs total self.
ex: mom rejecting kids enthusiam about getting a good grade while he waves his arms causes damage to the self and fragmentation when the experience is reactivated |
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Term
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Definition
-result of excessive responsiveness to the childs grandiose and idealizing needs.
-grandiose fantasies constantly reinforced by the parent
-parents do not provide optimal frustrations
-the child will shy away from creative and productive activities in fear of being overwhelmed
-avoid becoming the center of attention
-weak seperation between fantasy and self |
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Term
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Definition
-view the world as hostile and dangerous
-results from idealized parents not teaching their children how to handle interference calmly and with composure.
-they become quickly overburdened when threatened and react emotionally and irrationally. |
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Term
| narcissistic behavioral disorders |
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Definition
-mirror-hungry personalities
-ideal-hungry personalities
-alter-ego personalities
-merger-hungry personalities
-contact-shunning personalities |
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Term
| mirror-hungry personalities |
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Definition
continually searching for self-objects who will admire and nurture them.
-typically raised in families where there was a lack of mirroring affection
-impelled to display themselves, show off
-become bored quickly with relationships and move on to new self-objects who can give them more attention and recognition
-lack of self-esteem |
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Term
| ideal-hungry personalities |
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Definition
-as a child had their need to idealize self-objects frusterated.
- they are continually searching for others who they can admire for their intelligence, power, beauty, and moral stature.
-invest there libido into someone until he/she disappoints them.
-charlotte sex and the city? |
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Term
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Definition
-only feel worthwhile when in relationships with self-objects who will conform to their beliefs,opinions,values and behavior.
-stems from severe frustration of their mirroring and need to idealize needs during childhood.
-prone to look restlessly for one replacement after the other. |
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Term
| merger-hungry personalities |
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Definition
*severely damaged self structure.
-merging with the idealized parent is disrupted when there is no parent to idealize (death,divorce)
-childs idealized needs, transmuting internalizations, and optimal frustrations therefore do not occur.
-continue to seek for self-objects to fulfill their desperate need for self-structure.
-blur their boundaries between themselves and others.
-hard time distinguishing their own thoughts,feelings,wishes,and intentions from the idealized figures.
-very sensitive to seperations from the self-object and demand his or her continual presence. |
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Term
| contact-shunning personalities |
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Definition
*seriously disturbed individuals
-were prevented from merging with admired figures during childhood.
-yearning for an all-encompassing union with idealized figures
-avoid social contact and become isolated.
-not bc of disinterest, but bc their need for them is so great
-fear rejection by the adored figures. |
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Term
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Definition
unempathetic parents
-threats to the damaged self often elicit rage and pathological aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| parents empathic and provide children with adequate opportunity and encouraged to learn & grandiose self and idealized parent imago are modified and become more realistic. -assertive, |
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Term
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Definition
-the epitome of mental health.
-an empathic and supportive family enviornment provides an opportunity for the establishment of a core nuclear self, its growth into a more cohesive self, and the movement of the self towards an autonomous self.
-continue to have needs from the self-object but has a less urgent need to follow the expectations and demands of others and a greater flexiblity in his or her interactions with them. |
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Term
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Definition
| patients relive early experiences in which their mother or father failed to mirror them, and seek to be validated by the therapists approval |
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Term
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Definition
| seek from the therapist the comfort and acceptance that their own parents failed to provide |
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Term
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Definition
| try to fulfill their needs for a comforting protective figure who will protect and help them. |
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