Term
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Definition
| The process of acquiring new information. |
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Definition
| The persistence of learning |
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Definition
| Processing incoming information for storage. |
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Definition
| Registering input in sensory buffers. |
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Definition
| Creating a stronger representation of acquired information over time. |
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Definition
| The creation of a permanent record in memory resulting from acquisition and consolidation. |
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Term
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Definition
1. sensory
2. short-term
3. long-term |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensoy memory is characterized by a time span of milliseconds and a large capacity relative to short-term memory. There are two types of sensory memory: iconc (vision based) and echoic (audition based). |
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Term
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Definition
| Short-term memory is characterized by a time span of retention over seconds. The capacity of short-term memory is seven items, + or - two. |
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Term
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Definition
| Long-term memory is measured in days or years. Long-term memory is divided in to declarative (explicit) memory and non-declarative (imilicit) memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Declarative memory refers to knowledge we have conscious access to. It is comprised of episodic (events) memory and semantic memory (facts). |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-declarative memory refers to knowledge we have no conscious access to. It consists of procedural memory, perceptual representation system, classical conditioning, and non associative learning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedural memory involves learning various motor and cognitive skills. |
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Term
| perceptual representation system |
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Definition
| The perceptual representation system is a form of non-declarative memory that acts within the perceptual system in which the structure and form of objects and words can be primed by prior experience and can be revealed later in implicit memory tests. |
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Term
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Definition
| Classical conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulis is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. This pairing evokes a response in the conditioned stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| nonassociative learning involves simple forms of learning such as habituation and sensitization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Working memory is a transient representation of task-relevent information. |
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Term
| Explain how each stage of memory effects whether something can be remembered. |
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Definition
Acquisition
Consolidation
Storage
Retrieval |
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Term
| Give one example of a working memory model. |
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Definition
| Baddley's working memory model is a tripartate system consisting of a central executive mechanism which presides over two subordinate systems: the visuaspatial sketchpad and the phonological loop. The central executive controls interaction between the visuaspatial sketchpad and the phonological loop. The phonological loop acoustically encodes information in working memory. It has two parts: a short-term store for sound input and articulatory component for subvocal rehersal of items in short-term memory. The visuospatial sketchpad encodes visual input. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Damage to the supramarginal gyrus affects what part of the working memory model? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Rehersal relys on what area of the brain? |
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Definition
| The premotor regions, BA 44. |
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Term
| Damage to the right parieto-occipital area affects what area of the working memory model? |
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Definition
| nonverbal visuospatial tasks |
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Term
| Damage to the left parieto-occipital area affects what area of the working memory model? |
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Definition
| visually presented word items |
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Term
| How do you transfer information from short-term to long-term memory? |
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Definition
| According to the modal model, information is transfered from short-term memory to long-term memory through rehersal. The longer information is held in STM, the better it is consolidated in LTM. According to the Levels of Processing Model, the more meaningfully an item is processed, the more it is consolidated and stored in working memory. |
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Term
| Describe one memory impairment, its manifestation, and the brain areas involved. |
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Definition
| Alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome is a form of amnesia caused by brain damage resulting from vitamin deficiencies due to long-term alcohol abuse. The symptoms of amnesia resulting from Korsakoff’s syndrome include a loss of declarative memory, while nondeclaractive memory remains intact. Those who suffer from alcoholic Korsokoff’s syndrome have degeneration in the diencephalon, especially the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus and the mammilary bodies. |
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Term
| Medial temporal lobe damage is associated with which type of amnesia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can procedural learning proceed independently of the brain systems required for episodic memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hebb's law/Hebbian learning |
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Definition
| Hebb's law states that if a synapse is active when a postsynaptic neuron is active, the synapse will be strengthened. |
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Term
| Associative LTP (long-term potentiation) |
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Definition
| An extension of Hebb's law which asserts that if a weak and strong input act on a cell at the same time, the weak synapse becomes stronger. |
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