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| Chapter 2 The Counselor: Person and Professional |
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Definition
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| Personal Characteristics of effective Counselors |
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Definition
- have and identity
- open to change
- make choices that are life oriented
- are authentic, sincere, and honest
- have a sense of humor
- make mistakes and are willing to admit them
- generally live in the present
- appreciate the influence of culture
- have a sincere interest in the welfare of others
- possess effective interpersonal skills
- become deeply involved in their work and derive meaning from it
- passionate
- able to maintain healthy boundaries
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Role Of Values in Counseling
- what is you function as a counselor
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Definition
It is not to convince clients of the proper course to take but to help them evaluate their behavior so that they can determine the degree to which it is working for them. |
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The counselors values
without good values it is tough to have a good session, you must be ____ ____ in a session. |
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Definition
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| Factors impacting counseling ability |
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Definition
- unfinished business
- giving advice
- counter tranference
- keeping in dependent position
- getting attached
- personal conflict- if you can't do it don't tell your client to do it
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| The process of therapists seeing in their clients patterns of their own behavior, overidentifying with clients, or meeting their own needs through their clients |
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The values and behaviors shared by a group of individuals |
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Definition
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| An ongoing prosesss that involves a particular developing awareness of beliefs and attitudes, acquiring knowledge about race and culture, and learning skills and intervention strategies necessary to work effectively with culturally diverse populations |
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| Diversity-competent practitioner |
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The ability to pay attention to what one is thinking, feeling, and doing. This is a crucial first step in self-care
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| refers to counselors directly attempting to define a clients values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors |
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| Chapter 3 Ethical Issues in Counseling Practice |
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Responsible practice means
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responsible decisions and judgments
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a set of standards that are set by the profession, normative in nature and they focus on principals and standards that gov relationships between people
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they are standards to insure legal and moral justice, do not dictate what is ethical but what is legal
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- Stay in the realm of the things you know
- Ex: don't work with kids ages 6-10 if you don't know how
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| A higher level of ethical practice that addresses doing what is in the best interests of clients |
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Definition
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| evaluating the relevant factors in a client's life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process |
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Definition
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| this is an ethical concept, and in most states therapists also have a legal duty not to disclose information about a client |
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Definition
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| reasons to break confidentiality |
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Definition
- Harm himself, children or elderl
- Duty to warn(not required in Texas)
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Term
| Identifying a specific mental disorder based on a pattern of symptoms that leads to a specific diagnosis; sometimes part of the assessment process. |
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Definition
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Term
A counselor assumes two (or more) roles simultaneously or sequentially with a client. This may involve assuming more than one professional role or combining professional and nonprofessional roles.
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Definition
| dual or multiple relationships |
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Term
| To make ethical decisions, consult with ________, keep yourself informed about _____, affecting your practice, keep up to date in your specialty field, stay abreast of developments in ethical practice, reflect on the impact your _______, have on your practice, and be willing to ingage in honest _____-_______ |
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Definition
| colleagues, laws, values, self-examination |
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Term
| Psychotherapist are required to base their practice on techniques that have empirical evidence to support their efficacy |
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Definition
| Evidence-based practice (EBP) |
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| the right of clients to be informed about their therapy and to make autonomous decisions pertaining to it |
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Definition
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| the view of ethical practice that deals with the minimum level of professional practice |
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Definition
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| additional relationships with clients other than sexual ones |
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Definition
| nonprofessional interactions |
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| an approach taken by practitioners who want to do their best for clients rather than simply meet minimum standards to stay out of trouble |
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Definition
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Term
| using data generated during treatment to inform the process and outcome of treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| a legal concept that generally bars the disclosure of confidential comminications in a legal proceeding |
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Definition
| priviledged comminication |
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Term
| the analysis and explanation of clients problems. It may include an explanation of the causes of the clients dificulties, an account of how these problems developed over time, a classification of any disorders, a specification of preferred treatment procedure, and an estimate of the chances for successful resolution |
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| Chapter 4 Psychoanalytic Therapy |
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Definition
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Term
Philosophy and basic assumptions
View of Human Nature |
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Definition
Deterministic
Nothing happens by choice
Instincts motivate our personality
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Definition
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Definition
Unconscious drive to aggressiveness. People manifest through their behavior an unconscious wish to die or to hurt themselves or others.
Ex: her driving on the back way to campus and the guy driving in the minute
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| Tri-part Structure of Personality |
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Definition
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biological part of the personality, operates on pleasure! Immediate satisfaction and instant gratification! Very selfish
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psychological part, reasoning and acts on reality principal! Serving two masters
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moral conscious, the judicial branch and acts on the morality principals 5 or 6 year old
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For failure or frustration. Masking perceived weakness or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations |
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Definition
Represented with a physical symptom that in innovated with a motor or sensory nerve
- Their hand becomes paralyzed before a recital
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claiming/believing that what is true to be actually false
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Definition
redirecting emotions to a substitute target
- Kicking a cat because they can't kick their boss
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Definition
| identifying with successful causes, organizations, or people in the hope that you will be perceived as worthwhile |
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Abstract thinking or feelings to control feelings
- If someone has aids they would learn everything they could about the disease but wouldn't talk about the situations
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Definition
attributing uncomfortable feelings to others
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Definition
creating false but credible justifications
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Reduce anxiety by behavior in a manner opposite to the way you feel
- Overcompensating for something
Actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse |
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Definition
Going back to an earlier phase of development when there were fewer demands
See people who has a couple kids and you come home with a one year old and the older kids start sucking their thumbs |
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Definition
Primary ego defense mech…they all reinforce them and involved in all neurotic behavior
- Unconsciously prevent painful or dangerous thoughts from entering awareness
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Definition
Convert unacceptable or forbidden into socially acceptable behavior
- Diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels
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| Psychosexual Stages OAPLG |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The first stage of psychosexual development is the oral stage, spanning from birth until the age of two years, wherein the infant’s mouth is the focus of libidinal gratification derived from the pleasure of feeding at the mother’s breast, and from the oral exploration of his or her environment, i.e. the tendency to place objects in the mouth. The Id dominates, because neither the ego nor the super ego is yet fully developed, and, since the infant has no personality (identity), every action is based upon the pleasure principle. Nonetheless, the infantile ego is forming during the Oral stage; two factors contribute to its formation: (i) in developing a body image, he or she is discrete from the external world, e.g. the child understands pain when it is applied to his or her body, thus identifying the physical boundaries between body and environment; (ii) experiencing delayed gratification leads to understanding that specific behaviors satisfy some needs, e.g. crying gratifies certain needs.[5]
Weaning is the key experience in the infant’s Oral stage of psychosexual development, his or her first feeling of loss consequent to losing the physical intimacy of feeding at mother’s breast. Yet, weaning increases the infant’s self-awareness that he or she does not control the environment, and thus learns of delayed gratification, which leads to the formation of the capacities for independence (awareness of the limits of the self) and trust (behaviors leading to gratification). Yet, thwarting of the Oral-stage — too much or too little gratification of desire — might lead to an oral-stage fixation, characterised by passivity, gullibility, immaturity, unrealistic optimism, which is manifested in a manipulative personality consequent to ego malformation. In the case of too much gratification, the child does not learn that he or she does not control the environment, and that gratification is not always immediate, thereby forming an immature personality. In the case of too little gratification, the infant might become passive upon learning that gratification is not forthcoming, despite having produced the gratifying behavior |
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Definition
| The second stage of psychosexual development is the anal stage, spanning from the age of fifteen months to three years, wherein the infant’s erogenous zone changes from the mouth (the upper digestive tract) to the anus (the lower digestive tract), while the ego formation continues. Toilet training is the child’s key Anal-stage experience, occurring at about the age of two years, and results in conflict between the Id (demanding immediate gratification) and the Ego (demanding delayed gratification) in eliminating bodily wastes, and handling related activities (e.g. manipulating feces, coping with parental demands). The style of parenting influences the resolution of the Id–Ego conflict, which can be either gradual and psychologically uneventful, or which can be sudden and psychologically traumatic. The ideal resolution of the Id–Ego conflict is in the child’s adjusting to moderate parental demands that teach the value and importance of physical cleanliness and environmental order, thus producing a self-controlled adult. Yet, if the parents make immoderate demands of the child, by over-emphasizing toilet training, it might lead to the development of a compulsive personality, a person too concerned with neatness and order. If the child obeys the Id, and the parents yield, he or she might develop a self-indulgent personality characterized by personal slovenliness and environmental disorder. If the parents respond to that, the child must comply, but might develop a weak sense of Self, because it was the parents’ will, and not the child’s ego, who controlled the toilet training. |
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Term
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Definition
The third stage of psychosexual development is the phallic stage, spanning the ages of three to six years, wherein the child’s genitalia are his or her primary erogenous zone. It is in this third infantile development stage that children become aware of their bodies, the bodies of other children, and the bodies of their parents; they gratify physical curiosity by undressing and exploring each other and their genitals, and so learn the physical differences between “male” and “female” and the gender differences between “boy” and “girl”. In the phallic stage, a boy’s decisive psychosexual experience is the Oedipus complex, his son–father competition for possession of mother. In the phallic stage, a girl’s decisive psychosexual experience is the Electra complex, her daughter–mother competition for psychosexual possession of father.
Unresolved psychosexual competition for the opposite-sex parent might produce a phallic-stage fixation leading a girl to become a woman who continually strives to dominate men (viz. penis envy), either as an unusually seductive woman (high self-esteem) or as an unusually submissive woman (low self-esteem). In a boy, a phallic-stage fixation might lead him to become an aggressive, over-ambitious, vain man. Therefore, the satisfactory parental handling and resolution of the Oedipus complex and of the Electra complex are most important in developing the infantile super-ego, because, by identifying with a parent, the child internalizes Morality, thereby, choosing to comply with societal rules, rather than having to reflexively comply in fear of punishment. |
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Term
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Definition
| spans from the age of six years until puberty, wherein the child consolidates the character habits he or she developed in the three, earlier stages of psychologic and sexual development. Whether or not the child has successfully resolved the Oedipal conflict, the instinctual drives of the Id are unaccessible to the Ego, because his or her defense mechanisms repressed them during the phallic stage. Hence, because said drives are latent (hidden) and gratification is delayed — unlike during the preceding Oral, Anal, and Phallic stages — the child must derive the pleasure of gratification from secondary process-thinking that directs the libidinal drives towards external activities, such as schooling, friendships, hobbies, et cetera. Any neuroses established during the fourth, latent stage, of psychosexual development might derive from the inadequate resolution either of the Oedipus conflict or of the Ego’s failure to direct his or her energies towards socially acceptable activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| spans puberty and adult life, and thus occupies most of the life of a man and of a woman; its purpose is the psychologic detachment and independence from the parents. The genital stage affords the person the ability to confront and resolve his or her remaining psychosexual childhood conflicts. As in the Phallic stage, the Genital stage is centered upon the genitalia, but the sexuality is consensual and adult, rather than solitary and infantile. The psychological difference between the Phallic and Genital stages is that the Ego is established in the latter; the person’s concern shifts from primary-drive gratification (instinct) to applying secondary process-thinking to gratify desire symbolically and intellectually by means of friendships, a love relationship, family and adult responsibilities. |
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Term
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Definition
Make the Unconscious, conscious
Introduce the person to themselves
- Look to past for self understanding
- Strengthen the ego
- Based on reality instead of the id or super-ego or irrational
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Term
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Definition
- anonymity of the therapist is stressed so the client can project feelings onto the therapist
- Transference Process- the client unconsciously transfer feelings to the therapist that is similar to the feelings they had with the unresolved conflict in the past
- Shifting the analyst of feelings and fantasies that are reactions to significant others in the client's past
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Term
| Techniques and procedures |
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Definition
- they are all designed to help the client gain insight and bring repressed material to the surface so it can be delbt with in a conscious way
- continued on next few cards
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Term
| Techniques: Maintaining Analytic Frameworks |
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Definition
Keep regular appointments
- Tell them not to make a big decision while in therapy
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Term
| Techniques: Free association |
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Definition
When the client says whatever comes to mind and they aren’t afraid of feeling judged
- Listen to what they say and what they say in the content but look for the hidden meaning for the process
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Term
| Techniques: Interpretation |
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Definition
Explain the meaning of their behavior and translate the material
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Term
| Techniques: Dream Analysis |
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Definition
The royal road to the unconscious. Your forbidden desires and unconscious desires
Two Levels of Content or Instinctual drive
- Manifest- is what you see
- Latent- is what it means
Resistance
- Basically clients resist those therapeutic probes that we use to brings thing up
- Its emotionally uncomfortable and its expected in this kind of therapy
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Term
| Erikson Psychosocial Stages |
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Definition
| One way to divide Erikson's stages is into two groups of four -- the first four have to do with figuring out the world, the last four with figuring out yourself |
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Term
| Infancy: Basic Trust vs. Mistrust |
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Definition
-when the parents present consistent, adequate, and nurturing care, the child develops basic trust and realizes that people are dependable and the world can be a safe place. The child develops a sense of hope and confidence; this is a belief that things will work out well in the end
-when the parents fail to provide these things, the child develops basic mistrust, resulting in depression, withdrawal, and maybe even paranoia
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Term
| Early Childhood: Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt |
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Definition
-if parents guide children gradually and firmly, praise and accept attempts to be independent, autonomy develops. The result will be a sense of will which helps us accomplish and build self-esteem as children and adults
-if parents are too permissive, harsh, or demanding, the child can feel defeated, and experience extreme shame and doubt, and grow up to engage in neurotic attempts to regain feelings of control, power, and competency. This may take the form of obsessive behavior; if you follow all rules exactly then you will never be ashamed again. If the child is given no limits or guidance, the child can fail to gain any shame or doubt and be impulsive. Some is good, as it causes us to question the outcomes of our actions, and consider others' well-being. This may also result in Avoidance; if you never allow yourself to be close to others, they can never make you feel ashamed
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Term
| Preschool age: Initiative vs Guilt |
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Definition
-the child becomes curious about people and models adults. Erickson believed the child does attempt to possess the opposite sex parent and experience rivalry toward the same sex parent; however, a true Oedipal Complex only develops in very severe cases
-if parents are understanding and supportive of a child's efforts to show initiative, the child develops purpose, and sets goals and acts in ways to reach them
-if children are punished for attempts to show initiative, they are likely to develop a sense of guilt, which in excess can lead to inhibition. Too much purpose and no guilt can lead to ruthlessness; the person may achieve their goals without caring who they step on in the process
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Term
| School age: Industry vs Inferiority |
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Definition
occurs during Latency, but Erickson did not think this was a rest period; the child begins school and must tame imagination and impulses, and please others. If adults support the child's efforts, a sense of competence develops
-if caretakers do not support the child, feelings of inferiority are likely to develop. Too much inferiority, and inertia or helplessness occurs (underachievers). Too much competency and the child becomes an adult too fast, and develops either into a Histrionic or Shallow person
One way to divide Erikson's stages is into two groups of four -- the first four have to do with figuring out the world, the last four with figuring out yourself |
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Term
| Adolescence: Identity vs Role Confusion |
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Definition
-young adults attempt to develop identity and ideas about strengths, weaknesses, goals, occupations, sexual identity, and gender roles. Teens "try on" different identities, going through an identity crisis, and use their friends to reflect back to them. Marcia offers four resolutions: Identity Achievement (crises and commitment), Moratorium (crises and commitment later), Foreclosure (commitment without crises), and Identity Diffusion (no crises, no commitment)
-if they resolve this crisis, they develop fidelity, "the ability to sustain loyalties freely pledged in spite of the inevitable contradictions of value systems" (can be friends with very different people)
-if they fail to resolve the crisis, they develop identity diffusion; their sense of self is unstable and threatened; too little identity and they may join cults or hate groups, too much identity and they may show fanaticism
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Term
| Young Adulthood: Intimacy vs Isolation |
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Definition
-intimacy is the ability to be close, loving, and vulnerable with romances and friends. It is based in part upon identity development, in that you have to know yourself to share it. The virtue gained here is love. Failure to develop intimacy can lead to promiscuity (getting too close too quick and not sustaining it), orexclusion (rejecting relationships and those who have them) |
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Term
| Middle Age: Generativity vs Stagnation |
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Definition
-if you have a strong sense of creativity, success, and of having "made a mark" you develop generativity, and are concerned with the next generation; the virtue is called care, and represents connection to generations to come, and a love given without expectations of a specific return
-adults that do not feel this develop a sense of stagnation, are self-absorbed, feel little connection to others, and generally offer little to society; too much stagnation can lead to rejectivity and a failure to feel any sense of meaning (the unresolved mid-life crises), and too much generativity leads tooverextension (someone who has no time for themselves because they are so busy)
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Term
| Later Life: Ego Integrity vs Despair |
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Definition
-this entails facing the ending of life, and accepting successes and failures, ageing, and loss. People develop ego integrity and accept their lives if they succeed, and develop a sense of wisdom a "detached concern with life itself in the face of death itself"
-those who do not feel a sense of despair and dread their death; it's too late to change their lives (Ebenezer Scrooge just managed to avoid it) Too much wisdom leads to presumption, too much despair to a disdain for life
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Term
| problems at this stage can cause inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in the fear of loving and forming close relationships and low-self-esteem |
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Definition
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Term
| problems at this stage can cause inability to recognize and express anger, leading to the denial of one's own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy |
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Definition
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Term
| problems at this stage can cause the inability to fully understand and accept one's sexuality and sexual feelings, and also to difficulty in accepting oneself as a man or woman |
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Definition
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Term
| Jung: Analytical Psychology |
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Definition
A goal of life is an undiviation of the self by unite those conscious and unconscious aspects of our personality |
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Term
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Definition
similar to Freud's pre-conscious
- Material that were previously conscious and we can pull it up again if we need it
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Term
| The collective unconscious |
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Definition
| It is inherited and does not come from yourself and expressed through archetypes |
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Term
Which are universal thought forms that influence our actions and feelings
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Definition
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Term
public face or role that we show to others
- Healthy adapt to the social roles around them
- The mask that we wear in certain situation
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Definition
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Term
The dark side of the personality
- Contains the aspects of ourselves that we are unable to accept
- Things like selfishness and greed
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Definition
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Term
bio/ psychological aspects of gender sexuality
- _____ is the female aspects of the male psyche
- _____- is the male aspects of the female psyche
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Definition
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Term
represents the unity, integration and total harmony of the total personality
- The self belongs to the collective unconscious
- Always strive towards wholeness
- Only come into yourself about middle-age
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 1st stage: Normal Infantile Autism |
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Definition
Baby gets born and it's fused to mommy. The baby can't distinguish between themselves and mommy
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Term
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Definition
They can't perceive independently
For the baby, self and the surround world which is their mom is completely fused. |
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Term
| 3rd Stage: Separation-individuation |
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Definition
where they separate from mom: they realize they are not mom and they are themselves and they start to crawl to others
If the mom keeps the baby close the separation becomes fragmented because they don't have a separate self away from mom
This can cause seperation anxiety and can affect your adulthood.
If you don't have an innerself you may need stimulation to feel something |
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Term
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Definition
The idea type of identity is an autonomus self. If you are secure in your identity and you aren’t a replica of your parents they you are ok. The primary caregiver who provides the enviorment for this. Kids wanna look up to their caregiver |
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Term
Kids want to have their experiences _______ by their caregiver.
- I just had a good game I hit the ball. If the parent are healthy they will say yeah you did good, you hit that ball.
- if not, then these kids develop a _______ _______
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Definition
| mirrored, troubled identity |
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Term
Mirror hungry personality
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Definition
someone that fishes for compliments. In love with themselves
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Term
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Definition
only feel good if they can look up to somebody
- They may have an unstable self and develop a narcissistic personality
We would mirror with them and say things like "it sounds like the things your doing is important"
- They have to look up to you
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Term
| A feeling of impending doom that results from repressed feelings, memories, desires, and experinences emerging to the surface of awareness. Three types are reality, neurotic, and moral |
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Definition
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Term
| an anonymous stance assumed by classical psychoanalysts aimed at fostering transference |
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Definition
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Term
| a disorder characterized by instability, irritability, self-destructive acts, impulsivity, and extreme mood shifts. Such people lack a sense of their own identity and do not have a deep understanding of others |
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Definition
| borderline personality disorder |
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Term
| an adaptation of the pronciples of psychoanalytic theory and therapy aimed at treating selective disorders within a preestablished time limit |
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Definition
| brief psychodynamic therapy (BPT) |
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Term
| the traditional approach to psychoanalysis based on a long term exploration of past conflicts, many of which are unconscious, and an extensive process of working through early wounds. |
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Definition
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Term
| from a jungian perspective, the deepest level of the psyche that contains an accumulation of inherited experiences |
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Definition
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Term
| newer ormulations of psychoanalytic theory that share some core characteristics of classical analytic theory but with different applications of techniques |
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Definition
| contemporary psychoanalysis |
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Term
| according to erikson, a turning point in life when we have the potential to move forward or to regress. At these turning points, we can either resolve our conflicts or fail to master the developmental task |
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Definition
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Term
| a freudian concept that refers to a tendency of individuals to harbor an inconscious wish to die or hurt themselves or others; accounts for the aggressive drive |
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Definition
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Term
| A blend of cognitive behavioral and psychoanalytic techniques that generally involves a minimum of one year of treatment |
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Definition
| dialectical behavior therapy (dbt) |
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Term
| a technique for uncovering unconscious material and giving clients insight into some of their unresolved problems. Therapists participate with clients in exploring dreams and in interpreting possible meanings |
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Definition
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Term
| intrapsychic processes that operate unconsciously to protect the person from threatening and, therefore, anxiety producing thoughts, feelings, and impulses. |
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Definition
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Term
| the condition of being arrested, or "stuck," at one level of psychosexual development |
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Definition
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Term
| Our hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes, and fears |
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Definition
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Term
| instincts oriented toward growthm development and creativity that serve the purpose of the survival of the individual and the human race. |
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Definition
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Term
| the fear of one's own conscience people with a well-developed conscience tend to feel guilty when they do something contrary to their moral code |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| extreme self love, as opposed to love of others. Grandiose sense of self importance |
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Term
| the fear that the instincts will get out of hand and cause one to do something for which one will be punished |
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Definition
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Term
| a newer version of psychoanalytic thinking, which focuses on predictable developmental sequences in which early experiences of self shift in relation to an expanding awareness of others. It holds that individuals go through phases of autism, normal symbiosis, and seperation and individuation, culminating in a state of intergration |
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Definition
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Term
| the idea that the id is driven to satisfy instinctual needs by reducing tension, avoiding pain, and gaining pleasure. |
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Definition
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Term
| The fear of danger from the external world; the level of such anxiety is portionate to the degree of real threat |
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Definition
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Term
| the idea that the ego does realistic and logical thinking and formulates plans of action for satisfying needs |
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Definition
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Term
| a theory that emphasizes how we use interpersonal relationships to develop our own sense of self |
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Definition
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Term
| Chapter 5: Adlerian Therapy |
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Definition
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Term
| Philosophy and basic assumptions |
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Definition
- stresses social psychology and a positive view of human nature
- people are in control of their fate
- early developments tend to remain relatively constant and defines one's beliefs about life
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Term
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Definition
He stresses choice and has a holistic' view
All of our behavior has a purpose
Freud was dark and this guy is saying we strive for excelence and it motivates us
Overcome inferierity by doing things to become more compitent
- When you feel less than sometime …we compensate... we develop a superiority complex
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Term
everybody creates their own personal reality. The client has their own subjective frame of reference
- You can only relate to the world using that frame
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- consciousness, not unconscious
- Motivated by social intrest or a sense of belonging
- feelings of inferiority often serve as the wellspring of creativity, motivating people to strive for majery and perfection
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Term
Unity and patterns of Human Personality
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Definition
Saying that each of us has our own fictional view or final goal
- Own personal view of the future. Fictional and realistic.
- Healthy people develop goals that serve others; non- healthy goals develop goals that serve themselves
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Term
Social Interest and Community Feeling
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Definition
When we have a high social interest(make friends). You can deal with the bad things that happen in life
- Loss of kids, breakups ect.
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Term
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Definition
- fostering social interest
- helping clients overcome feelings of discouragement and inferiority
- modifying clients views and goals
- changing faulty motivation
- encouraging the individual to recognize equality among people
- helping people to become contributing members of society
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Term
| Adlerians are mainly concerned with helping clients identify and change their mistaken beliefs about _____, ______, and _______ |
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Definition
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Term
Therapist's Function and role
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Definition
Ask about early recollections and ask them to tell you how it feels
Incouragement which was a primary thing with him
- Have more faith in themselves
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Term
Therapist's Function and role
The client-therapist relationship is based on mutual ________, and both are active
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Selfevaluation- the way we discover the world
- See things that aren’t realistic
We stick to it because it makes us feel comfortable |
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Term
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Definition
These are very rigid inflexable ideas
- Sometimes we generalize people based on what one person does
Form the conclusion about yourself where you focus on what's wrong instead of the good things you do right |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| there is no fairness in the world |
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Term
| false or impossible goals of security |
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Definition
| i must please everyone if i am to feel loved |
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Term
| misperceptions of life and life's demands |
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Definition
| life is so very difficult for me |
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Term
| minimization or denial of one's basic worth |
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Definition
| i'm basically stupid, so why would anyone want anything to do with me? |
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Term
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Definition
| I must get to the top, regardless of who gets hurt in the process |
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Term
| Therapist-client relationship |
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Definition
Equal- look at their strengths and weakness
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Term
| Techniques and procedures |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
rehearsing a desired behavior. Want to act as that idea person
- Try on a role
- Ex. The lady who doesn't like going to eat dinner on Sundays.
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Term
Spitting in the Client's Soup
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Definition
Increase their awareness
Ex: noticed that a lady was getting tired or saying something is wrong when she has to do something.
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Term
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Definition
Instruct themselves to catch themselves in the act…when they are doing something they aren’t supposed to do you want them to catch themselves doing it.
- Ex: guy who wants to go in the bar and they talked about stopping the symptom before it starts.
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Term
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Definition
Prescribe the symptom
- Ex: the lady who worried, she made her set a time to worry which was an hour. The lady couldn't
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Term
Advice, Suggestion, Directions
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Definition
Give advice, use humor, give them homework and books to read.
Anything that would help |
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Term
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Definition
How would your life be different, and what would you be doing differently, if you did not have this symptom or problem. |
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Term
| An intervention that is concise. deliberate, direct, efficient, focused, short-term, and purposefull |
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Definition
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Term
| faulty, self-defeating perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs that may have been appropriate at one time but are no longer useful. These are myths that are influential in shaping personality |
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Definition
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Term
| adler identified five psychological positions from which children tend to view life: Oldest, second of only two, middle, youngest and only. Actual birth order itself is less important that a person's interpretation of his or her place in the family. |
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Definition
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Term
| an individual's awareness of being part of the human community. Comminity feeling embodies the sense of being connected to all humanity and to being committed to making the world a better place. |
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Definition
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Term
| childhood memories (before the age of 9) of one-time events. People retain these memories as capsule summeries of theor present philosophy of life. From this it is possible to understand mistaken notions, present attitudes, social interests, and possible future behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of increasing one's courage to face life tasks; used throughout therapy as a way to counter discouragement and to help people set realistic goals |
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Definition
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Term
| the climate of relationships among family members |
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Definition
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Term
| the social and psychological structure of the family system; includes birth order, the individual's perception of self, sibling characteristics and ratings, and parental relationships. each person forms his or her unique view of self, others, and life through the _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| an imagined certral goal that gives direction to behavior an unity to the personality; an image of what people would be like if they were perfect and perfectly secure |
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Definition
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Term
| a congruence between the clients and the counselor's goals and the collaborative effort of two persons working equally toward specific, agreed on goals |
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Definition
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Term
| another term for fictional finalism, which represents and individual's image of a goal of perfection |
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Definition
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Term
| we cannot be understood in parts; all aspects of ourselves must be understood in relation to each other |
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Definition
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Term
| adler's original name for his approach that stressed understanding the whole person, how all dimensions of a person are interconnected, and how all these dimensions are unified by the person's movement toward a life goal. |
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Definition
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Term
| the early determining force in behavior; the source of human striving and wellspring of creativity. Humans attempt to compensate for both imagined and real inferiorities, which help them overcome handicaps |
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Definition
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Term
| a special form of awareness that facilitates a meaningful inderstanding within the therapeutic relationship and acts as a foundation for change |
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Definition
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Term
| understanding clients' underlying motives for behaving the way they do in the here and now |
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Definition
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Term
| universal problems in human life, including the tasks of friendship (community), work (a division of labor), and intimacy (love and marriage) |
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Definition
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Term
the core beliefs and assumptions through which the person organizes his or her reality and finds meaning in life events. Our perceptions of self, others, and the world. Our characteristic way of thinking, acting, feeling, living, and striving toward long-term goals
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Definition
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Term
| the process of gathering early memories which involves learning to understand the gials and motivations of the client |
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Definition
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Term
| Adlerians seek basic information about the client's life as a part of the lifestyle assessment process. |
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Definition
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Term
| focus on the way people percieve their world. For adlerians, objective reality is less improtant that how people interpret reality and the meanings they attach to what they experience. |
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Definition
| phenomenological approach |
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Term
| basic convictions and assumptions of the individual that underlie the lifestyle pattern and explain how behaviors fit together to provide consistency |
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Definition
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Term
| the phase of the counseling process in which clients are helped to discover a new and more functional perspective and are encouraged to take risks and make changes in their lives |
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Definition
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Term
| a sense of identification with humanity; feeling of belonging; an interest in the common good. |
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Definition
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Term
| a strong inclination toward becoming competent, toward mastering the environment, and toward self-improvement. The striving for perfection (and superiority) is a movement toward enhancement of self |
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Definition
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Term
| an individual's way of thinking feeling, and acting; a conceptual framework by which the world is perceived and by which people are able to cope with life tasks; the person's personality |
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Definition
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Term
| the process whereby the counselor helps clients tell their life story as completely as psossible |
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Definition
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Term
| the question(see earlier notes) |
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Definition
| used in a initial assessment to gain inderstanding of the purpose that symptoms or actions have in a person's life. |
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Term
| Chapter 6: Existential Therapy |
|
Definition
- Humanistic theory is called the third force.
- The first force which is behaviorism
- The second force is psychodynamic
- The fourth force is up for grabs. It could be different things in different books. Maybe Family systems
- There is no one person who develops it because it’s a philosophy
- We are isolated in the universe but we have the freedom to choose but with choice we have responsibility.
- The basic premise is that we are who we choose to be. We search for meaning and values in life
- Its phenomenological/ subjective human experience
- We want to help them find meaning in their life
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Term
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Definition
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Term
who said anxiety is an essential component and as long as it is not out of proportion to the situation then it is good for you because it allows you to develop a value system.
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Authentic being- living according to your own values
- Living by someone elses values is inauthentic
The courage to be- our choices determine what we become |
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Term
Natzi concentration camp
Logotherapy- emphasis the will to meaning. The capacity to rise above circumstances to gain. Deal with inevitable
Aging, loss, suffering, death
- Live with courage, accept the inevitable
- you get to choose your attitude, no one can take that away from you!
- Help people examine their personal choices to find their own personal meaning
Enjoy the Journey!!!
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Definition
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Term
Who said Therapy is a journey, so be present through it and form a therapeutic alliance by establishing a relationship and be authentic.
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Definition
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Term
Yalom's 4 existential realities [DIM-F]
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Definition
| Death, isolation, meaninglessness, freedom |
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Term
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Definition
We are all going to die, and those that we love will die too. It's a source of anxiety and it's the main source of pathology. We all have death anxiety
- We all want to live but we realize we are gunna die. We have to face the truth. You then can choose to live in a deliberate and conscious way
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Term
|
Definition
There is a golf between us and other human beings. We are born alone and part alone. Ultimately we have to confront our own aloneness
- People who are afraid to be alone will get into toxic relationship because they don't want to be alone.
- "sit still and hurt"
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Term
|
Definition
Meaninglessness- the classic crisis occurs when the person faces the question what is the meaning of my life.
- Existential vacuum- emptiness that comes from the meaninglessness
- People who suffer with an empty nest, the kids are off to college
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Term
|
Definition
you are the author of your life. The products of your choices and you need to take responsibility for who and what you are.
- Even when we don’t make decisions we make decisions. Choose not to choose -existential Guilt
- We blame other people, environment, things
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Term
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Definition
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Term
- Capacity for Self Awareness
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Definition
| - Expanding or restricting it. When you are aware they the client can not keep doing the things. |
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Term
2. Freedom and Responsibility
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Definition
authentic people make choices and take responsibility
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Term
3. Striving for Identity and Relationships w/ others
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Definition
are they healthy or are they toxic
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Term
4. The search for meaning
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Definition
is the person living a purpose filled life
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Term
5. Anxiety as a Condition of Living
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Definition
every time you make a choice you eliminate other opportunities
Some choices are limited
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Term
| 6. Awareness of Death and Nonbeing |
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Definition
in therapy it is the grift for the mill. Recognizing that you are alive and at some point you will not be alive.
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Term
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Definition
- Help them recognize where they aren’t living authentically and help them make choices to get there
- Helping them accept responsibility to go along with their choices
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Term
|
Definition
- recognize factors that block freedom
- to challenge clients to recognize that they are doing something that they formerly thought was happening to them
- to widening clients' perspectives on choice
- to accept the freedom and responsibility that go along with action
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Term
| Therapeutic Relationships |
|
Definition
You are your main tool. Present yourself as the real deal
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Term
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Definition
so the person sees that you treat them as a real person. Create a caring relationship with clients.
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Term
Therapy is Bi-directional
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Definition
It works both ways. There are parallel processes that goes on
- Both the client and therapist are changed by the encounter
Follow what's going on in their life and also what's going on with them
- A journey to self discovery
Be mindful of the here and now because that’s when the problems will bubble up
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Term
| The two major aspects of therapy |
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Definition
Content- refers to the words that the client is telling you
Process- refers to the nature of the interpersonal relationship between you and the client |
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Term
|
Definition
Not technique driven. Use any technique you want that helps the clients and deals with the exsitential theme. |
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Term
Application/ Multicultural
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Definition
- Really great for anyone in a crisis or coping with guilt and loss
- Family, group, clinical mental health counseling
- Lead to client independent. You have the power to change
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Term
| A danish and german word whose meaning lies between the english words dread and anxiety. This term refers tot he uncertainty in life and the role of anxiety in making decisions about how we want to live |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a condition that results from having to face choices without clear guidelines and without knowing what the outcome will be |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| the process of creating, discovering, or maintaining the core deep within one's being; the process of becoming the person one is capable of becoming |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| the emphasis of this therapy approach is on the subjective and spiritual dimensions of human existence |
|
Definition
existential analysis (dasein analyse)
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Term
| an outcome of being confronted with the four givens of exstence; dim-f |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the result of, or the consciousness of, evading the commitment to choosing for ourselves |
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Definition
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|
Term
| feelings of despair and anxiety that result from inauthentic living, afailure to make choices, and avoidence of responsibility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seeks a balance between recognizing the limits and the tragic dimensions of human existence and the possibilities and opportunities of human life |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| a condition of emptiness and hollowness that results from meaninglessness in life |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a philosophical movement stressing individual responsibility for creating one's way of thinking, feeling, and behaving |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| core or universal themes in the therapeutic process: death, freedom, existential isolationm and meaninglessness. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| lacking awareness of personal responsibility and passively assuming that our existence is largely controlled by external forces |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| developed by frankl, this brand of existential therapy literally means "healing through reason." It focuses on challenging clients to search for meaning in life |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a response out of proportion to the situation. It is typically out of awareness and tends to immobilize the person |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| an appropriate response to an event being faced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method of exploration that uses subjective human experiencing as its focus. It is apart of the existential, adlerian, person-centered, and gestalt therapy |
|
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Term
| a state of functioning with a limited degree of awareness of onesels and being vague about the nature of one's problems. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the capacity for consciousness that enables us to make choices |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Chapter 7: Person - Centered Therapy |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
- Highlighted the good relationship between clients and therapists
- Fully affirm another person's potential
- Strong belief in the power of the person to heal themselves just by having a genuine relationship
- At the point of major vulnerability he was able to stay with their clients and didn't feel the need to pull you out of the feelings. Never hand clients a box of clinex because you don't want them to not hurt
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Term
| Four periods of development |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Nondirective counseling- provided a powerful and revolutionary alternative to the directive and interpretive approaches |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Client- centered therapy- to reflect its emphasis on the client rather than on non directive methods. It characterized a shift from clarification of feelings to a focus on the phenomenologic-world of the client
- understanding the client from their internal frame of reference
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Term
3rd period late 1950's-70"s
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Definition
| emphasized becomeing the self that one truely is |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| marked by considerable expansions to education, industry, groups and conflicts resolution. Because of this widening of his scope it was changed to person-centered approach |
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Term
Existentialism and humanism
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Definition
Same: Guided by choices, stress a phenomonoligical approach; Upbeat and stresses not problems but oppurtunities
Differ: existential says the world lacks intrinsic meaning and humanist think we can actualze and find some meaning in the world. |
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Term
|
Definition
- Provide a safe milieu, enviroment where the clients can do some self-exploration
- Focus on the person and not problem
- Actualizing tendencies- striving towards a goal
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Term
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Definition
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Term
to be real, sincere, truthful, authentic
- being transparent "Im really not too sure what you're talking about"
- When the real self and the ideal self are aligned
- Real, open and honest -take the bad and the good stuff and listen
- MOST IMPORTANT
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Definition
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|
Term
accepting, nonjudgmental, respect
- The client comes in and they should believe that you have no expectations of what they should be
- Accept the person as they come-take them as a whole person
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Definition
| Unconditional Positive Regard |
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|
Term
central to the psychotherapeutic relationship
- See yourself in that person's shoes
- I want to care for you like you would care for me
- Sense their subjective feelings like it's your own
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Definition
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|
Term
in the here and now
- Attend to the person's feelings at the moment
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Definition
|
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Term
| Relationship between therapist and client |
|
Definition
- It is primary and equalitarian
- Based on the if/then hypothesis
- If the therapist can convey the essential attributes then the clients will move in the positive direction
- The relationship and the use of the core conditions are necessary and sufficient for
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Term
|
Definition
- There is no place where you would not use this theory
- Great for crisis intervention
- Real supportive and can be used with clients not at a high function
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Term
| The act of perceiving accuratly the internal frame of reference of another; the ability to grasp the prson's subjective world without losing one's own identity |
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Definition
| accurate empathic understanding |
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Term
| a growth force within is; a directional process of striving toward self-regulation, self-determination, realization, fulfillment, perfection, and inner freedom; the basis on which people can be trusted to identify and resolve their own problems in a therapeutic relationship |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the state in which self-experiences are accurately symbolized in the self-concept. As applied to the therapist, congruence is matching |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an approach that makes use of various arts in a supportive setting for the purpose of growth and healing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a movement often referred to as the "third force," that emphasizes freedom, choice, values, growth, self-actualization, becoming, spontaneity, creativity, play, humor, peak experiences, and psychological health |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ability to "be with' someone fully in the present moment; being engaged and absorbed in the relationship with the client. |
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Definition
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|
Term
the necessary and sufficient characteristics of the therapeutic relationship for client change occur. (GUE-I)
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|
Definition
| therapeutic core conditions |
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Term
| Chapter 8: Gestalt Therapy |
|
Definition
Gestalt=Wholeness
-
- Frederick Pearls is known for the slogan "lose your mind and come to your senses"
- Male adjusted people suffer from disjointed perceptions or incomplete awareness
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Term
|
Definition
we want to do is have this wholeness of integrations of how we think, feel, act! Bring that all back into the self-actualizing thing
We carry around our past in a stage of unawareness
- Or a form of Unfinished business, there's a need for closure
What we want to do is heighten the person's awareness of their responsibility for their thoughts feelings and behaviors that they are unaware of
Clients are self-regulating, goal-oriented
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Term
Principles of Gestalt Therapy
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Definition
Holism-basically its that a healthy person has thinking, feeling, acting all integrated
- Body mind and soul
- How are you making contact with the environment
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Term
Homeostasis- Self regulation
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Definition
every organism has a tendency for balance. Every moment we are faced with two factors, external demand from environment or something internally where we have a need. Always trying to balance a physiological of psychological
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
- To live in the here and now.
- Everything happens in the present and we try to keep our patients here
- Ex: pillow thing...Experience their sadness now in the session
- Your past and future are there but it's how you interrupt it now
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Term
|
Definition
- Sometimes with this we talk about things associated with the past, memories, and with clients its unexpected
- Because they aren’t aware of it, it's hard to deal with it in the present. Help them sort out the unfinished business
- We use avoidance because we don't want to deal with it and you don't want to feel those emotions
- You get stuck you reach an impasse and you have to stay there with them
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Term
Contact and Resistances to Contact
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Definition
When we block contact we don't grow
- Sometimes we disown a part of our personality
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Term
| Five major Channels of resistances |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the stuff you find in you put on others
- Feelings of guilt you put on others
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Definition
|
|
Term
in critical acceptance of others values. You don't get your own identity you take someone
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Definition
|
|
Term
you withdraw from the environment by turning back on yourself what you'd like to do somebody else
- Cutters because they want to cut someone else
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|
Definition
|
|
Term
When you feel there are no boundary between yourself and the environment
- Can not distinguish between yourself and others
- Everyone needs to be alike or we think other people are like us
- Stalkers thinking she really loves me, she is my soul mate
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|
Definition
|
|
Term
distract it away from yourself
- They avoid direct contact, go off on tangent so they don't talk about things
- Talk in general terms and may fail to get to the point
- They act like they were bored, or confused
- Because they're might be something wrong with them
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Move from environmental support to self support
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Definition
Step by step process where you start to re-own those disowned parts of your personality. As you do that you will become strong and facilitate you growth |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Awareness in and of itself is curative and with that comes greater choices
The most important unfinished situation will always emerge into consiousness and be resolved
- We can bring it fully into the present we can act it out and own it
- Gain moment to moment experience.
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Term
Psychopathology (Onion Metaphor)
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|
Definition
Perls says we become stuck in the process of growth and they come to see you because their psychological needs aren’t being met
- Sometimes they do different things to get it met
- He says there are 5 layers of psychopathology and relates it to an onion and you have to peel it back
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Term
|
Definition
that’s when we play games or roles. You act like a he-man!
- Id be something else if I got love
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Term
|
Definition
about the pain that we are facing when we realize we are unsatified in our life
- People run from it because it hurts.
- If I tell people who I really am they won't like me
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|
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Term
|
Definition
this is the most critical level of psychopathology. The client is unable to manipulate the therapist to help them and they can't do it themselves
- They may play crazy or enraged to get someone else to help them
- You need them to make it to independence
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
where we start to experience the deadness of the parts that we have disowned.
- Its like a catatonic person where they're really rigid. It's safe but you are dead, you have to shed it to find yourself
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Term
|
Definition
the good thing where you reliese energy and get rid of the phony pretenses and stop being something you're not
- The joy of maturity and the
|
|
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Term
|
Definition
| do not force change on client. create experiments within a context of the I/Thou dialogue in a here-and-now framework |
|
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Term
|
Definition
keep them here and ask them what they are experiencing
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Term
|
Definition
the client is instructed to play two parts of themselves depending on where they sitting.
- Ask client have to play the top dog the person doing the thing, then play the other role
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Term
|
Definition
use this in groups. You start with someone and ask him how you're doing tonight and about the week and they disclose a little bit with the group
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Term
|
Definition
ownership is very critical and theirs certain words and phrases
- Don't uses we, they, and you to refer to others and it to refer to some statement
- They are redirected to use the word I
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Term
|
Definition
You want to act out the opposite way that you normally are to bring out a part of your personality that you are trying to hide
- If someone is really passive then you make them be assertive
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Term
|
Definition
one of the things you can do is rehearse how to use I words
- Ex: The therapist pretends to be part of the management
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Term
|
Definition
this is when you ask them to exaggerate a movement or posture and get them to see the cues they make to other people
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Term
|
Definition
if it is unpleasent stay with it
- If they are sad make them tell you about it
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Term
|
Definition
they felt they were to be experienced not interrupted
- The dream is the royal road to understanding
- When we take responsibility for our life script we can really change our world
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|
Term
| the process of sttending to and observing one's own sensing, thinking, feeling, and actions; paying attention to the flowing nature of one's present-centered experience. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| paying attention to where energy is located, how it is used, and how it can be blocked |
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Definition
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Term
| an invitation for the client to become aware of discrepancies between verbal and non verbal expressions, between feelings and actions, or between thoughts and feelings |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of interacting with nature and with other people without losing one's sense of individuality. contact is made by seeing, hearingm smelling, touching, and moving |
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Definition
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Term
| staying with the moment-to-moment flow of experiencing, which leads individuals to discover how they are functioning in the world. |
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Definition
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Term
a split by which a person experiences or sees opposing forces; a polarity (weak/strong, dependent/independent)
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Definition
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Term
| ready-made techniques that are sometimes used to mae something happen in a therapy session or to achieve a goal. |
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Definition
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Term
| a dynamic system of interrelationships |
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Definition
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Term
| paying attention to and exploring what is occurring at the boundary between the person and the environment |
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Definition
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Term
| those aspects of the individual's experience that are most salient at any moment |
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Definition
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Term
| describes how the individual organizes the environment from moment to moment and how the emerging focus of attention ins on what is figural |
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Definition
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Term
| those aspects of the individual's experience that tend to be out of awareness or in the background |
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Definition
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Term
| a theroretical position that authentic change occurs more from being who we are than from trying to be who we are not |
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Definition
| paradoxical theory of change |
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Term
| through a therapist asking "what" and "how" questions, clients are assisted in noticing what is occuring in the present moment |
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Definition
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Term
| a supportive kind, and compassionate style that emphasizes dialogue in the therapeutic relationship, rather than the confrontational style of fritz perls |
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Definition
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