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Theoretical Perspectives on Development
N/a
14
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
04/29/2013

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Cards

Term
Structural-Organismic Perspectives
Definition

focus : structure set of stages

emphasis: nature, discontinuous, individual

Term
Psychodynamic Theory
Definition
A Structural-Organismic Perspective by Freud; childhood experiences shape adult personality psychodynamic forces at birth motivate behavior (ID, EGO, SUPEREGO)
Term
Psychosocial Theory
Definition
Structural - Organismic Perspective; fundamental personal/social task that the individual must accomplish at each stage
Term
Piagetian Theory
Definition
Structural-Organism Perspective; focuses on intellectual development -- child actively seeks information and new experiences; they adapt to their environment by assimilating or accomodating
Term
Learning Perspectives
Definition

focus : how behaviors are learned

emphasis : nurture, continutity, context

Term
Behaviorism
Definition

Learning Perspective ; states that theories of psychology must be based on observations of behavior rather than on speculation about motives or unobservable factors

Ex: classical conditioning and operant conditioning

Term
Cognitive Social Learning Theory
Definition

a learning perspective; holds that child learnin through observation/imitation

in order for immitation to occur child must have 1. atttention 2. retention 3. reproduction and 4. motivation

Term
Information- Processing Approaches
Definition
learning perspective ; focus on how children process information and use it to guide behavior
Term
Dynamic Systems Perspective
Definition

focus: change over time resulting from interacting elements in a complex system

- themes: nature/nurture, continuity, contex

Term
Socio cultural theory
Definition
vygotsky; contextual perspective ; states that child grows and changes as a function of own efforts and by guidance of more skilled others
Term
ecological theory
Definition
contextual perspective ; importance of understanding relationshp between organism and various environmental systems; microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem
Term
The life-span perspective
Definition
interested in the effets of historical events on human development
Term
Ethological Theory
Definition
biological-evolutionary approach; study patterns of behaviors across human and infrahuman species and across human societies/cultures -- direct observation
Term
Evolutionary Psychology
Definition
how cognitive capabilities and constraints of the organism may reflect survival needs and processes of human evolution
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