Term
| different views of Mary's virginity |
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Definition
1. ante partum- Mary was a virgin before Christ was conceived;
2. in partu- bizarre views of Jesus being born (ex. out of ear)
3. post partum- perpetual virginity; was virgin after Christ's birth |
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Definition
| An official declaration that a canonically valid marriage never existed between two parties |
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Definition
| Dogma defined in 1950 by Pope Pius XII that the body of the Blessed Virgin Mary was taken directly to heaven after her life on earth had ended |
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Term
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Definition
In the wider sense- process by which the whole Church continues and is faithful to the word, the witness, and the service of the Apostles &
In the stricter sense- legitimation of the bishops’ office and authority by their valid derivation from the Apostles. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which individuals are said to merit eternal life because of their good will, even though, through no fault of their own, they have not been baptized with water |
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Term
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Definition
| The martyrdom of an unbaptized person |
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Term
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Definition
| The formal stage of preparation for entrance into the Church |
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Term
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Definition
| o Total liturgical and catechetical process of becoming Christian through Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist |
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Term
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Definition
Principle that the church is a communion (college) of local churches which together constitute the Church universal...
In practice, collegiality introduces a mode of decision-making in the Church which emphasizes co-responsibility among the bishops expressed in ecumenical councils, synods, and Episcopal conferences |
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Term
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Definition
| Good that is shared and beneficial for all members of a given community or society |
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Term
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Definition
Spiritual union of the whole community of believers in Christ, living and dead
Those on Earth - Church Militant, those in Purgatory - the Church Suffering.
Those in Heaven - the Church Triumphant |
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Term
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Definition
| The experience of ourselves as moral agents, as persons responsible for our actions |
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Term
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Definition
| o Refers to those policies said to be enacted, encouraged, or personally favored by Constantine the Great, a 4th century Roman Emperor |
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Term
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Definition
o The philosophy that claims that contraception is not morally wrong.
o It can even be morally good, for the welfare of those who practice contraception and for the welfare of the human race |
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Term
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Definition
| o The Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. At the center was the Council of Trent and its reform of doctrine, liturgy, and law |
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Term
| de jure / de facto authority |
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Definition
| De jure- authority based on law or office vs. De facto- authority based on the way things really are; have influence over people |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1943 encyclical letter by Pope Pius XII- inaugurated modern period of Roman Catholic Bible studies by permitting the limited use of modern methods of biblical criticism |
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Term
| Deontological/teleological/relational models of morality |
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Definition
o Deontological- concerned with laws and obligations
o Teleological- concerned with ends
o Relational- concerned with God, neighbor, world, and self |
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Term
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Definition
| The ministry of a deacon of the Church, i.e. an ordained assistant to the bishop or presbyter |
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Term
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Definition
| The theological study of the Church |
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Term
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Definition
| o A conference of the bishops of the whole Church convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice |
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Term
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Definition
| The collective body of all bishops of the Church |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. “thanksgiving”; 2. common name for the Mass, or Lord’s Supper. 3. the third sacrament in the process of initiation |
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Term
| Ex opere operato vs. ex opere operantis |
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Definition
operato-“from the work done”; explains how a sacrament achieves its effect: not because of the faith of the recipient and/or the worthiness of the minister but because of the power of Christ who acts within and through it
vs.
operantis- “from the work of the worker;” explains how a sacramental achieves its effect: not only by the prayer of the Church but also, and necessarily, by the faith and disposition of the recipient and minister |
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Term
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Definition
| 1968 encyclical by Pope Paul VI- Subtitled "On the Regulation of Birth", it re-affirms the traditional teaching of the Catholic Church regarding abortion, contraception, and other issues pertaining to human life |
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Term
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Definition
| o The dogma defined by Pope Pius IX in 1854 which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary was free from sin from the very first moment of her existence |
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Term
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Definition
| o Pertains to the promise of Christ that the Church will last until the end of time without fundamental corruption of its faith and teaching |
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Term
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Definition
| o The partial or full remission of the temporal punishments still due to sins which have already been forgiven |
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Term
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Definition
| “immunity from error.” The charism by which the Church is protected from fundamental error in formulating a specific teaching regarding a matter of faith or morals. It can be exercised by the pope and by an ecumenical council. |
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Term
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Definition
| 17th & 18th century movement in Europe esp France; stressed moral austerity, the evil of the human body and of human desires, a restrictive concept of grace, and a scrupulous approach to the reception of the sacraments |
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Term
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Definition
| o The reign, or rule, of God. It is the transforming presence of God in the heart, in groups, in the world at large, renewing and reconciling all things. It is both a process and the reality toward which the process is moving. Thus, it is “already” and “not yet.” |
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Term
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Definition
| appointment of bishops, abbots, and other church officials by feudal lords and vassals. No one questioned a king or noble's right to grant a bishop or abbot a fief and have him become a vassal, but the church did object to kings and nobles naming bishops or abbots |
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Term
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Definition
| o The official public worship of the Church: the Eucharist, the other six sacraments, and the Liturgy of the Hours (Divine Office) |
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Term
| local vs. universal Church |
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Definition
Local Church- religious organization made up of a congregation, its members and clergy
vs.
Universal Church- the Catholic Church as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
| Vatican II’s Dogmatic Constitution on the Church |
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Term
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Definition
| the teaching authority of the Church, which belongs to some by some reason of office (pope and bishops) |
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Term
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Definition
| theological study of the Blessed Virgin Mary in terms of her role in the Church and in our redemption |
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Term
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Definition
| generic early 20th century movement in Catholicism condemned by Pope Pius X because it seemed to deny the permanence of dogmas and tended to reduce all doctrines to their rational or humanistic components |
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Term
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Definition
| having sex during infertile periods of a woman’s cycle; is okay by the Church; is not actively taking away a procreative end |
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Term
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Definition
| universal moral law given by God for all creatures, and knowable by reason alone |
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Term
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Definition
| Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions of the Second Vatican Council; (Pope Paul VI 1965) |
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Term
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Definition
| "right practice"; Doing the truth in justice and love |
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Term
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Definition
| 1963 encyclical by Pope John XXIII at the Second Vatican Council; looking to establish peace by negotiation rather than war and highlight the importance of respect of human rights |
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Term
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Definition
| apostolic authority of the Successor of Peter as the Bishop of the Church of Rome over several Churches |
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Term
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Definition
| service of unity and the strengthening of faith rendered to the universal Church by the Bishop of Rome. AKA the papacy |
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Term
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Definition
| 1931 encyclical by Pope Pius XI- discusses the ethical implications of the social and economic order |
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Term
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Definition
| sacramental presence of Christ in the Eucharist |
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Term
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Definition
| 1891 encyclical by Pope Leo XIII- addressed the condition of the working classes and social justice |
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Term
| sacraments vs. sacramentals |
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Definition
| Sacrament- any visible sign of God’s invisible presence vs. Sacramental- a grace-bearing sign that does not so fully express the nature of the Church as a sacrament does and which does not carry the guarantee of grace associated with the seven sacraments |
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Term
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Definition
| principle in Catholic social doctrine which holds that nothing should be done by a higher agency which can be done as well, or better, by a lower agency |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| “the bearer of God” The title given to Mary at the Council of Ephesus to establish that Mary is truly the “Mother of God” and not only the mother of the human Jesus |
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Term
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Definition
Venial sin- a less serious infidelity to the will of God, sufficient to diminish one’s Christian character but not to reverse one’s fundamental orientation vs.
Mortal sin- so fundamental a rejection of the Gospel and/or the will of God that, without contrition, it merits eternal punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| “food for the journey.” The last sacrament, i.e. the final reception of Holy Communion before death |
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Term
| pre-critical "blueprint" vs. critical approaches |
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Definition
pre-critical- Jesus left 12 apostles detailed blueprint for a Church - appointed Peter 1st pope & established specific offices, ministries, sacraments
vs. historical-critical - Jesus as rabbit, prophet, itinerant preacher; gathered disciples & established table fellowship; Jewish practices continued in early community |
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Term
How did Jesus and his disciples see themselves in relation to Judaism?
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Definition
-didn't establish strict distinction from Judaism
-saw themselves as Jes
-not a separate / competing religion
-before year 65, leaders were Jews & Jewish practices were observed
vs. after- gap widened |
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Term
| In what sense was Jesus the founder of the Church? In what sense was he not? |
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Definition
Not-
-didn't estalish new religious organization by deliberate actions
- didn't address specific group of people
-didn't make connection b/w membership & salvation
vs. did-
-gathered disciples & proclaimed word
-looked toward disciples to stay together after his death |
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Term
| Did Jesus directly institute the sacrament of Holy Orders? |
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Definition
(Directly instituted Eucharist & Baptism)
- willed the Sacraments to the same degree & extent as he willed the Church
-gave authoritative role to apostles (especially Peter)
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Term
| What connection did Peter have with Rome? |
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Definition
- prominence in early Churhc' leader of Apostles
-Jesus named Peter as the rock of the Church in NT
- Pope Leo I- insisted Peter continued to speak to whole Church through Bishop of Rome
-historically, function of leadership conferred by Jesus & passed down |
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Term
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Definition
-previously restricted to the ordained--> broader meaning after Vatican II
- means "service"
- each ministry w/ i Church is a function of mission of the Church: word, worship, witness & service
- every Christian is called to ministry in a wide sense, but not in a formal sense
-ordained ministries coordinate these ministries |
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Term
| What ministerial roles, if any, did women exercise in the Church of New Testament times? |
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Definition
-deaconesses- women ministers who gave service w/i community
- widows- to give themselves to a ministry of prayer, help raise children, give hospitality, & care for sick |
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Term
| How did Vatican II understand the Church? |
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Definition
- 1st & foremost- mystery or sacrament (NOT institution / organization)
- People of God (NOT hierarchal institution); all are called to participate in mission
-Part of misssion is service- as essential as preaching of Gospel & celebration of sacraments
-communion- includes whole Body of Christ: Catholics & other Christians (all churches aren't equal)
-ecumenical community- pertaining to the whole Christian community
-eschatological community- Church subsists in Kingdom of God |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the whole Christian community |
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Term
| How did Vatican II understand salvation outside the Church? |
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Definition
- acknowledges religion & salvific value of non-Christian religions
- religious traditions outside the Church have their place in God's saving design, w/ values that are intimately related to the divine mystery
-Lumen Gentium- “Those also can attain to salvation who through no fault of their own do not know the Gospel of Christ or His Church, yet sincerely seek God & moved by grace strive by their deeds to do His will as it is known to them through the dictates of conscience”
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Term
| What do papal primacy and papal infallibility mean? |
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Definition
papal primacy - primacy of pope over whole Church; meant to help unify whole Church
vs.
papal infallibility- "immunity from error"; solemnly defines a matter of faith / morals-
1. doctrine of faith / morals
2. as earthly head of universal Church
3. intention of binding whole Church |
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Term
| What is collegiality and how did Vatican II understand it? |
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Definition
-collegiality- Church is the whole People of GOd, not just the hierarchy; laity are as much a part of Church as religious & clergy
- Vatican II- intended to transform the exercise of authority from one of domination & unilateral-decision making |
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Term
| What are the various meanings of "magisterium"? |
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Definition
1. whole Church
2. bishops, including pope & theologians
3. bishops alone, including pope- official teaching body & hierarchal magesterium |
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Term
| What are the arguments for and against the ordination of women? |
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Definition
Arguments for:
- human dignity - baptismal mandate to participate in mission of Church
- women as ministers historically
- Scripture: ordination not excluded
-Jesus called no one to ordained priesthood
Arguments against:
-Church tradition
-physcial & spiritual representation of Christ
- Jesus didn't call women to priesthood
- no one has right to ordination
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Term
What is the significance of Vatican II's changing the names of some of the sacraments?
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Definition
· Reconciliation- before called Confession / Penance; word reconciliation to get to relational aspect of Church vs. obligation; about being put back in right relationship w/ God & Church as a whole
· Anointing of the Sick- vs. before- Extreme Unction; not just before death anymore
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Term
| What are the origins of the Eucharist (Mass), confession, anointing of the sick, and ordained priesthood? |
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Definition
-Eucharist (Mass)- rooted in very beginning of Church - Last Supper Tradition; structure taken from Jewish ritual meal; "thanksgiving"; shared meal as sign of people, trust & community; act of remembrance
- Confession- consistent w/ Jesus' concern about sin & his readiness to forgive; became once in a lifetime event
- Anointing of the sick- there was such a practice in the early Church - required presence of community leader, involved prayers, anointing & forgiveness of sins; wasn't public liturgical act;became Extreme Unction
- Ordained priesthood- classic image of Christian priest emerges after definitive separation from Judaism; ordination in 3rd century |
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Term
| What does the doctrine of the Real Presence mean? |
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Definition
-Christ is really present in consecrated elements of blood & wine
-transubstantiation- substance of bread & wine is changed into Body & Blood of Christ
-sacrificial nature
- substance (inner reality) of bread & wine change, phsycaility doesn't
- present in word, assembly, minister & Eucharist |
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Term
| What are the principal models (or approaches) in Catholic moral theology? |
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Definition
1. teleological - views Christian moral life in terms of goal / end (telos) to be achieved- eternal union w/ God some
2. deontological- views Christian moral life primarily in terms of duty (deon), law, or obligation
3. relational- views Christian moral life primarily in terms of Christians' multiple relations w/ God, neighbor, world & self; sin as damage to all relationships; love has central place |
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Term
| What is natural law and why is it important for understanding Catholicism's distinctive approach to moral issues? |
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Definition
- human reason, reflecting on human nature & human experience can also arrive at a true moral wisdom- knowledge that holds not only for Christians but all people
- consistent w/ sacramentality, mediation, & communion- presence & will of God available in all realities- mediated through human reason; source of moral wisdom & knowledge for whole human community
- Biblically grounded |
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Term
| What principles are at the heart of Catholic social teaching? |
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Definition
- dignity of human person- created in image of God w/ human rights & duty which protect & enhance this dignity
- common good- radically social nature of human existence; nature of society & state; balancing subsidiarity & socialization |
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Term
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What does the Catholic tradition have to say about the nature and primacy of conscience?
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Definition
- not a feeling
-radical experience of ourselves as moral agents
-since we never know ourselves completely, decisions of conscience are incomplete & partial- not infallible
- 5 princples applied in situation of conflict
1. conscience must be followed
2. no infallible statements on moral questions
3. no teaching accounts for all situations- prudential judgement
4. historical conditioning of teaching
5. need for assistance & correction |
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Term
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What is the official Catholic teaching on homosexuality and birth control?
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Definition
-homosexuality- official Catholic teaching has consistently judged all homosexual acts as at once unnatural & gravely sinful
- 3 approaches- 1. always sinful in themselves - procreation is impossible
2. morally neutral- depends upon quality of relationship
3. essentially imperfect- for a genuine homosexual, morally good in loving relationship striving for permanency
birth control
- official teaching: contraception by artificial means is always wrong
- inseparate connection b/w unitive meaning- procreative meaning of the act |
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Term
| Are Catholics required to believe in Marian apparitions? Why? Why not? |
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Definition
-may or may not be believed
- never regarded as essential to Christian faith
-authoritative only for those who directly & immediately experience them
- only recipients can be bound in conscience by what is communicated |
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Term
| What is Christian spirituality and what did Vatican II have to say about it? |
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Definition
-has to do w/ our way of being religious
- to know & live according to the knowledge, that htere is more to life than meets to the eye
- not exclusively Christian
- Christian spirituality has to do w/ our way of being Christian- in response to call of God, issued through Jesus in power of Holy Spirit
- Vatican II laid to rest assumption that spirituality is for priests & nuns alone
- no single mode or style of spirituality |
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Term
| What is the basis of Mary's important place in the mystery of salvation and in Catholic devotion generally? |
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Definition
- mother of all Christians insofar as she is, first of all, the mother of Jesus Christ
- preeminently a person of faith, hope, love, & obedience to Word of God
- Conceived w/o sin & in fullness of grace as Church was
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Term
| What is eschatology all about? |
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Definition
- directly concerned w/ the "study of the last things" - last thing- GOd / kingdom or Reign of God
- death, particular judgment, heaven, hell, purgatory, 2nd coming of Christ
- final destiny of Christians not different from final destiny of all human beings
- God is destiny & consummation of all reality |
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