Term
|
Definition
-Israel conquered by Babylonians
-1st temple in Jeresuelm destroyed
-city is sacked and torched
-Israel exiled
-Jews questioned, "where is God?" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Maccabean Revolt*
-Jew priests sick of Hellinization
-forbidden Jews from worshiping greek gods
-Judas Maccabee led revolt over Seleucid
-Jews won, cleaned temples, triumph
-Hanukkah remembers this victory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alexander the Great Dies
-his empire splits
-Palestine controlled by Ptolemaics (Alexandria)
-End of Ancient Greek Period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Pompey the Great, Roman emperor
-Rome conquers Jerseuleum; makes it a client kingdom
-destroys the city but leaves the temple in tact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Siege of Jerusalem
-1st Jewish/Roman War
-Titus conquered Jews
-Titus sacked the city and destroyed the 2nd temple* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bar Kokba Revolt
-Jews crushed again
-3rd major revolt
-Bar Kokba was seen as a messiah that could restore israel
-an independent state was created but was crushed by roman legions in ~2 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greek leader
-invades israel in 333 BC
-takes jereseulm in 332 bc
-dies in 323 bc
-hellenization across the world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Principles that ancient people used to get sacred meaning out of their text.
1) bible is fundamentally cryptic (hidden meanings)
2) fundamentally relevant (how to make connections)
3) scripture is perfectly in harmony/unified (make as many interpretations as possible, every detail matters)
4) scripture is of divine origin
*Jesus is Jewish Messiah |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In Stoic Philosophy, refers to a state of mind where one is free from emotional disturbance.
-Positive meaning; indifference
-*Life without passions (tendencies w/in us that would cause us to overreact)
-Root word of apathy but NOT negative
-from christian/stoic ethics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
27BC-14CE
-His birth seen as the "beginning of the gospel of the world"
-considered 1st emperor of Roman empire
-Pax Romana; kept Rome safe; Jesus was born during this time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the writer of a written work wrote the piece he had a specific meaning in mind. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-The word by which Judas identifies Jesus in Gospel of Judas
-Hebrew for God or emanation (overflowing)
-A divine being known from other Gnostic texts known as the mother of all creation
-*seen in the Gospel of John |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Earliest christian disciple
-Epistle of Barnabas; writing to other christians on how to live and oust Judaism
-paul's companion
-earliest christian convert; later becomes an apostle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-idea of an immaterial Christian Soul
-the body binds and traps the soul
-Being ideal forms (soul; one) VS becoming material things (body; many)
-Platonism
-fundamental split between body & soul |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-2nd cent. greek philosopher against christianity
-Wrote: On True Doctrine
-Christians copying ancient greek philosophers
-They're salvation hungry
-Different kinds of christianity
-anti-christian philosopher |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-removal of a male's foreskin
-Barnabas says Jews took circumcision literally; circumcise their hearts
-God's way of distinguishing Jews as his people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Favored christianity
-1st CHRISTIAN Roman Emperor
-no persecution, made sunday a roman holiday
-Church and state integrated
-Council of Nicaea, voted on Jesus's divinity
-put together the bible
-religious tolerance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Agreement between God & his people which God makes specific promises and demands
-10 commandments
-CIRCUMCISION
-"us-them" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-collection of 972 texts from the Hebrew Bible & extra biblical documents found north of the dead sea
-1947-1956
- Identified with the Essenes
-written in aramaic, greek & hebrew on parchment paper
-tell us about the time period; not about Jesus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-adopted by the gnostics
-a Platonic subordinate deity who fashions the sensible world in the light of eternal ideas
-*deity responsible for the creation of the physical universe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-exile of Jews from Judea
-6BC, destruction of 1st temple
-scattered jews living across the Mediterranean post Alexander the Great
-"urban sophisticates"
-more open to hellenization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Roman emperors and families worshiped as deities
-withdrawing from worship is treason
-emperor worship
-jews don't worship emperor or sacrifice but will pray for him (monotheistic) ->persecution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-cause of certain beings or states of being consists of an overflow from the essence of God or other higher spiritual beings, as opposed to a special act of creation
-1st principle (father, perfect), 2nd principle (overflows to mother), prior acquaintances/incorruptibility/eternal life/truth, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-4 cent. bishop of Salamis
-saint
-wrote books presented as antidotes for those bitten by the serpent of heresy
-lists heresies and ways to dispute them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Jews who moved to the desert to re-read the Bible
-wrote the dead sea scrolls
-principle founders of christianity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Christian bishop and historian 4th cent.
-wrote Church History
-Participated on 1st council of Nicaea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-The book of matthew
-fulfillment of biblical prophecy
-used old testament scriptures to make it seem as if prophecies were being fulfilled
-"thus it fulfills ..." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Non-jewish people
-didn't worship the true God and generally indulged in immoral practices
-not descendants of abraham |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-salvation (escape from the body**) of the soul comes from knowledge
-not well defined, matter is evil/unreal
-body traps the spirit
-did whatever they wanted
-no distinction between christians & gnostics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bringing together multiple texts to create a sound story
-ex. Jesus's birth
-Matthew, Luke, James |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Stoics: ultimate materialists
-material world, nothing else
-people have souls but the soul is material (made of stuff; thin blood)
-believed history is a cycle; fire -> the world -> returns to original form; will end in a fire catechism, eternal cycle
-not much room for free will
-Reason/Logos** free will/harmony of how to live a good life
-devote life to philosophy and bring life into line with logos
-platonists: fundamental split not materialists
-christians borrowed from these ethics ideas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -term used to describe the spread of ancient Greek culture, and, to a lesser extent, language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-"in the beginning, the logos was with god and was god .. the logos was with god in the beginning. through it/him, all things were made, without it, nothing was made that has been made."
-John 1.14 the word became flesh; this is where they became disconnected. How was logos flesh/physical? christian reformulating the word becoming flesh; Jesus
-Stoicim connection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-borrowed from stoics*
-emphasis on cultivating virtues
-moral insight, courage, self control, justice, (sounds like Paul; fruits of the spirit)
-*Apatheia* life without passions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- a baptized Roman Catholic who willfully and persistently rejects any article of faith.
-*believed suppressed writings of the bible*
-*chose not to follow roman views
-*seen as heros holding onto old truth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-As seen in The Gospel of John
-Wisdom (a female, emanated from good beings) wants to create her own Aeon -> ialtabaoth (not good/evil)
-God from Genesis creation story (?)
-his traces of divine power allow him to create his own Aeons (distortions; divine "thugs"/archons)
-creates a human (adam; flawed, distorted connection to divine power)
-tricked into creating Eve by divine powers
-adam & eve: creation mistakes but more divine than ialtabaoth
-humans can be saved, just have to realize it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Romans identified themselves as pagans
-aren't jewish and aren't baptized
-being without religion as seen by jews & muslims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-The virgin mary conceived a child without any original sin
-betulah (young woman who is a virgin)
-Mary was preserved from sin by God’s grace
-The Gospel of Mary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-2 major wars; Jews vs Romans
-66AD-70AD
-Nero commanded the Romans to destroy Jerusalem and level the temple
-jews wouldn't worship the roman emperor
-revolted ex. Bar Kokhba |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Makes argument that Jesus was the Jewish messiah and that mary magdaline was his wife
-persecuted/run out of jerusalem by romans
-Monotheistic; Yahweh is their God
-jewish covenant of circumcision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-known from the single use in the New Testament (Galatians 2:14[1])
-Paul publicly challenges Peter for compelling Gentile believers to "judaize"
-"One who has Judaized", refers to a Christian who has accepted the necessity of adhering to the Mosaic Laws or to specific laws that are believed to be superseded
-ex. circumcision, sabbath observance
-*Jewish Christians in the Early Church, who either held that circumcision and the observance of the Mosaic Law were necessary for salvation* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Jewish bishop
-wanted a christianity clean/free of judaism
-rejected the entire old testament and accepted only certain new testaments
-**Like the Gnostics, he argued that Jesus was essentially a divine spirit appearing to men in the shape of a human form, and not someone in a true physical body**
-**believed that the wrathful Hebrew God was a separate and lower entity than the all-forgiving God of the New Testament**
-extremely anti-Semitic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Only woman disciple
-Jesus shared many thoughts/preachings with only her
-1st to witness jesus's resurrection
-Gospel of Mary; men (Peter) discounted/questioned her authority but Levi defended Mary and they all listened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1st Corinthians 10:28
-"This is meat sacrificed to idols," do not eat it, for the sake of the one who informed you, and for conscience' sake;"
-And yet they were in a large city surrounded by immorality and idol worship. One of the problems that plagued the church was how to relate to the pagan idol worshippers who surrounded them.
-Was sharing a meal wrong? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Redemption
-"Anointed one"*
-anticipated savior of the jews |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-worshiping/following only one god
-Jews were considered first monotheistic religion
-Jews worshiped Yahweh
-Jews didn't want to worship Roman emperors
-10 commandments say no other gods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Body/soul dualism (Most important aspect Christianity taken from platonism)
-Middle Platonism: stoicism/platonism mixed together/foggy /ideas blended |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-first was a persecutor of christianity; Saul
-declares he (now paul) is a apostle
-Apostles; One who is sent
-Pauls conversion mid 30s ce
-Paul's travels/letters 50s ce
-Galatians: Letters written by Paul
-Gentiles can be saved by faith in Jesus, not by circumcision, anyone can be saved, wrote to preserve his apostleship & justification for salvation by faith in christ
-Wrote Corinthians to corinth
-Sacrifices: don't eat if others are worshiping other Gods; bad influences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Make judaism practicable faithfully
-Pointed out as hypocrites in bible
-Jesus is not a fan
-interpreted laws & scriptures
-fought with Sadducees
-tried to make it workable for all people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-responsible for Jesus's crucifixion
- Gospel of Matthew: Pilate washes his hands; he's not responsible for the execution
- Gospel of Mark: depicts Jesus as innocent of plotting against the Roman Empire,Pilate reluctant to execute Jesus
-Gospel of Luke: Pilot says Jesus is not guilty; Herod agrees, crowd wants him dead anyway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Letter to the Tragan
-He was anonymously accused of being christian
-persecuted christians and killed them if they stood by being christian
-said christians were too stubborn when not following roman law/customs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-63BC he watches israel fight internally
-romans asked to help settle disputes but never leave
-build roads, aqueducts, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Writing texts under someone else's name and authority
-ex. letter of barnabas, 1st timothy (not written by Paul) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Tried to pursue moral/ethical lives similar to christians
-Roman persecution of Jews lead to christianity
-found in 753bc |
|
|
Term
| How much Plato is too much? |
|
Definition
-an idea of christianity not influenced by philosophy is inconceivable
-what does philosophy have to do with christianity? -Turtullian
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Proper rituals to preform at temples
-Conservative focus on proper ceremony ritual
-Always were closest to those in power in Israel
-social status guys
-soul IS NOT immortal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Jewish translators
-70 translators translated hebrew bible in 72 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-idea that christianity replaces judaism
-ex. letter of barnabus (jews inferior and irrelevant) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-jewish house of prayer/house of assembly
-doesn't replace destroyed jewish temples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Roman emperor during Jesus's crucifixion
-Great roman general
-reigned for 23 years, 14-37 ad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Jewish Law
-narratives, laws, ethics
-commandments/laws of moses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Pliny wrote to him about christian persecution and their refusal to follow roman law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Exegesis: critical explanation/analysis of a text (skill, something you learn)
-Old testament precursor for events of christ in new testament; purpose of old test.
-**looking at old texts to make a point about new texts*** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Sophia is greek for wisdom
-central idea in greek philosophy and religion, Platonism, Gnosticism, Orthodox Christianity, Esoteric Christianity, as well as Christian mysticism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-radicals, "domestic terrorists"
-stayed in Jerusalem to drive out/over throw invaders
-similar to Pharisees but more violent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-150ce
-only survived in Coptic (egyptian) translation from greek
-impact on some of early christianity
-not written by John; pseudonimity
-Creator of God - Bad
-Spirit of God - Wisdeom/Sophia
-Ialdabaoth creates adam, eve, seth
-christ brings gnosis to humans ->salvation
-Author knows judaism & philosophy
-probably from alexandria, egypt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-philosophical problem
-original single, perfect unity to diversity, material things
-1st principle of John 1st principle
-Platonism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Aren't jews & aren't baptized-
-romans identified themselves as pagan
-emperor Decius -> christian persecution
-Christians antisocial to romans |
|
|
