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· Person who takes dictation
· Chooses which Greek word to use
· Luke might be this for Paul in his pastoral epistles |
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| Not so much which ones are Catholic but rather what characterizes a Catholic epistle so that it is intended from the start for the universal church and is not occasional. There is a challenge that any of them are actually Catholic. |
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| one of the heretics in the early church, gnostic/dualism, split physical and spiritual, John could have been writing to him in John I. One of the heretics in the early church, sort of a gnostic dualism between what is spiritual and physical; the background to... Possibly 1 John. People are denying the incarnation because people want to keep soul and body separate so how does God put the perfect in an imperfect body. If the pure comes in contact with the physical it is necessarily a change for the bad. The body of Christ was a human body and the spiritual comes in at Jesus' baptism so it's not from birth. The divine leaves Jesus at the cross so that God does not suffer because they believed He couldn't. |
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it is the mark of being under the law with the intent of justifying oneself
deliberative discourse- seeks to persuade |
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| messiah appears to be human. Belief that Jesus only seemed to be human, and his physical body was a phantasm |
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| The naming of what seems to be a hierarchical position in the church. Either overseer, bishop, or priest. Low church people think this means simply overseer or elder. High church people think this means hierarchy. Know ramifications of each translation. |
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| parts that are added in later, not part of original bible/text. |
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| imputed righteousness, being made right |
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| “the Greek slave that is responsible for training the young master of the house” From Galatians, the Greek slave in charge of teaching and training the young master of the house. Paul says this is like Mosaic law, it trains and points out the need for grace and Christ but once you've received the spirit you don't do back to the paidogogos. Once you become and heir you don't go back under the rule of the paidogogos. |
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| For Borg, it is moving past fact fundamentalism. It historically happened, therefore it happened and, on the other side, it did not historically happen therefore it is not true. Don’t worry about whether it really happened, accept that they are stories used to illustrate a true point. Metaphorical truth doesn’t lessen actual truth |
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| ephesians, philippians, colossians, and philemon |
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· Heresy. Denial of the physical.
· Strong dualists, secret knowledge |
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| · Taking on someone else’s name to give one’s work more authority |
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| it is not the end of the world but it is the rebirth instituted by Jesus and continued by his disciples, a historical phenomenon. |
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| a tent sanctuary used by the Israelites during the Exodus |
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hink of Romans. Tractate letter is not written to persuade and is not necessarily occasional. “Let me lay out these fundamental beliefs.”
Two Ways literature: Two paths, one to life, one to death. This is big in first century Judaism. Dead Sea Scrolls. Light vs. Dark. Angel on one shoulder, devil on the other. |
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| Briefly describe the historical and social context of Paul’s letter to the church in Rome. |
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| Paul is delivering food from the Gentile Christians to the Jewish Christians of Rome |
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| How many letters to the church in Corinth does Paul write? What are the purposes of these letters? |
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4, MAYBE 5?
there are 4 letters, A= response to questions, B= 1 Corinthians, C= the tearful letter, D= 2 Corinthians |
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| What is the socio-historic context for 1 Corinthians? |
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| it was a city known for sexual laxity |
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| How does the Mosaic law function in relation to the Galatians new status in Christ? |
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| Paul needs to make that distinction where he doesn’t throw out the law as being irrelevant or inherently bad. Paul has the idea that the law is designed to show people that “they suck”, that people are bad. All people are equal because all people are equally bad. If one can be “good” enough then there is no necessity for the cross. Paul says it is not possible, but rather meant to show a standard for what one shoots for, thereby showing by how much we miss the mark. Dr. Huggard volleyball example. |
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| What is the relationship between the “slave” to the law and the son/heir in Galatian 4? |
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| Paul is going to describe a family slave who teaches and the child who is under the instruction of the teaching slave. Why would you put yourself under a slave when you have been made an heir? Slave does not have same things as the heir. |
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| Be able to list five indisputably Pauline epistles. |
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1) Galatians
2) Philippians
3) Corinthians
4) 1st Thessalonians
5) Romans |
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| What is unusual about the form of Philippians 2:6-11? |
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| o Word choice. Rhythmic style. Probably an existing hymn. Vocab. |
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| Whence did Paul write his letter to the church in Philippi? |
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| He wrote it between 50-60 depending on where he was imprisoned. If it was Rome than it was 61-62 |
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| What is the primary issue for the church in Thessalonica? |
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| Thessalonians doing pretty well for Paul, but they have concerns of Jesus’ return. “If he’s coming back soon, do we really need to work meow?” Should we focus just on praying, not doing anything else. Paul says they need to maintain expectancy right meow, but manage the expectation. “You do not know the hour, you do not know they day.” |
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| Briefly describe the issues of authorship with respect to 1 Thessalonians. |
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| 1 Thessalonians is said to be written by Paul but 2 Thessalonians is said be interpolated because the eschatology of 2 Thessalonians is not compatible with that of 1 Thessalonians. |
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| What is the primary issue at hand in the letter to Philemon? Who is Onesimus? |
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| Slavery is the main issue. Philemon is the owner of Onesimus. Paul tells Phil that One wants to stay with Paul and become a Christian. Tells Phil that if he wants back One he can have him, but must treat him as a brother in Christ. |
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| What are the pastoral epistles? |
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| they are 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy and Titus |
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| Paul gives instructions to Timothy for establishing a leadership team in Ephesus. How do these instructions play into the later discussions of church hierarchy? |
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| o Overseer and deacon or bishop and deacon? This is the type of people you would want in leadership. Low churches think there is no hierarchy. |
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| Who is the author of Hebrews? |
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| Orginally thought to be written by Paul himself, many scholars now think it may have been one of Paul’s pupils. |
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| According to the author, what makes Jesus a better/more complete high priest than previous iterations in the Hebrew tabernacle/Jewish temple? |
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| Both one giving the sacrifice and the sacrifice itself. Has no need to offer any sacrifice for his own sins. He does everything the high priest does, but does it even better. Temple and tabernacle meant to reflect the vision of the throne room of God. |
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| In the epistle to the Hebrews, what is the relationship of Jesus to the Day of Atonement in the Hebrew Bible? |
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| o Jesus is in at every time and priest can only go once a year. This is where god resides. |
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| The epistle to the Hebrews compares Jesus to a variety of OT and inter-testamental figures .Be able to briefly describe two such comparisons. |
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| What are the issues surrounding the authorship of James? |
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| which james? most likely Jesus brother |
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| What is the structure, if any, of 1 John? |
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| John has a triparte structure: 1) people who are walking in the light, 2) speaks to present situation in the churches, 3) those of the world vs. those of the church |
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| What are the three possible genres for Revelation? |
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| it could be a phrophecy, epistle, or an apocalypse. |
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| Describe the genre of apocalypse. |
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| it refers to a liteary genere. It has a dualistic conception of history with Gods kingdom and the present world. It is usually pseudonymous and has hope in future events |
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| What is the internal and external evidence for the authorship of Revelation? |
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o Internal- this is john writing fromInternal: the author is said to be a well known so John the apostle was the only well known person around Asia minor when this was written..
o External- early recognition of the apostle john |
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| When was Revelation most likely written? What is the evidence for this scholarly consensus? |
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| Date Revelations during the time of Nero due to the increased persecution of the Christians |
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| How can one reconcile the judgment of Revelation with the NT focus on the gospel of love? Are judgment and love mutually exclusive or complementary? Support your answer with specific biblical texts. |
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| Could take either route on this question. If it belongs in the new then it is because judgement is a part of love. If belongs in the Old then it is because of the judging God. |
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| How would first-century Jews have understood the idea of resurrection? |
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| In Wright's section, first century Jewish understandings of resurrection and how they would have understood resurrection not as appearances or ghostly visions but as bodily resurrection. Borg thinks it's a appearance or aberration. |
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| What is the scriptural evidence for the resurrection—be specific? |
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o 2 Maccabees- was a bodily resurrection
o 1 Corinthians 15*- strongest
o Acts 1 2 |
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| How does the “completed pattern” of the Passion reveal the “truth” of the Easter event? |
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| Borg: the appearance of Jesus, the resurrection as he intends, is meant to communicate truth in the sense that it is metaphorically true. The empty tomb is irrelevant because Jesus lives again but it can be viewed as a different type of life. A "post-Easter" Jesus did not have a physical existence. You having suffering, death, and resurrection though so post-Easter Jesus is somehow alive for everyone to experience. It is a real, emotional, and spiritual event which is more proof than an empty tomb. The pattern is what shows the truth of the Easter event, not some body that breaths again. "That would be a good short answer" |
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| What is the difference of the two kinds of bodies, physical and spiritual, for Marcus Borg? |
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o Spiritual body- connected to the physical body but we don’t anticipate that the resurrected body is the physical body changed, it is something completely new.
o Wright talks about physical continuity |
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| What are the two guiding principles for Wright’s concept of the Christian living? |
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| Why does Wright believe the gospel narratives as actual historical events are essential to the theological message of the gospels? |
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| o If the events aren’t historically true then it undermines the truth of the message |
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| What are the four aspects of Christian living that Wright believes are affected by his argument for the historical Jesus? |
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| 1) Spirituality( ones relationship with God obtained through spiritual disciplines), 2)Theology (if the gospel is true it should not be seen as a power play), 3)Politics (Jesus/gospels says something about politics), 4)Healing (if Jesus truly heals it is part of the christian life today) |
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| How does Wright use the term “healing” with respect to the modern work of Jesus? |
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| o Healing is encompassing. Still maintains its physical sense but is more than that. There is still this idea of spiritual and emotional healing. Still can be true |
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| What are the fundamental differences in methodological assumptions between Wright and Borg? |
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o Historicity, how to approach text. Borg, first century Jewish view. Etic. What does it mean for people now?
o Wright- traditional. What did it mean then? |
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| According to Borg, what is the difference between history metaphorized and history remembered? |
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| o Story can be true and not historically accurate. Have to get by fact fundamentalism |
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How does Borg’s argument for pre-Easter and post-Easter Jesus serve as an apologetic to the
postmodern audience? |
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| o Borg- wants to make gospel relevant, moves away from fact fundamentalism, metaphors can be true even if events did not happen that way, wants to be postmodern |
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