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Themes in the study of life
test 1
37
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/09/2011

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Term
Levels of boilogical organization
Definition
1. boisphere
2. ecosystems
3. commuities
4. population
5. organisms
6. organs and organ systems
7. tissues
8. cells
9. organelles
10. molecules
Term
Thee domains of life
Definition
1.bacteria
2.archaea
3.eukarya
Term
Discovery science
Definition
discribes natural stuctures and prosess.
Term
Hypotheses
Definition
a tentative answer to a wellframed question.
Term
Element
Definition
is a substance that connot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.
Term
Compound
Definition
a substance consisting of two or more element in a fixed ratio.
Term
Atom
Definition
is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element.
Term
Atomic number
Definition
is the number of protons in its nucleus
Term
Atomic mass
Definition
the atom's total mass, can be approximated by the sum of protons plus netrons in the nuceules
Term
Isotopes
Definition
are atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons(do not confuse isotope s with isomer
Term
Chemical bonds
Definition
the interactions usually result in atoms staying close together,
Term
Covalent single bond
Definition
the sharing of one pair of valence electrons
Term
Covalent double bond
Definition
the sharing of two valence electron
Term
Nonpolar covalent bond
Definition
the atoms share the electron equally
Term
Polar covalent bond
Definition
one atom is more electronegitive,and the atom does not share the electron equally.
Term
Strutural isomer
Definition
have different covalent arrangements of their atoms
Term
Geometric isomers
Definition
differ in arrangement about a double bond (cis and trans isomers)
Term
Enantiomers
Definition
are isomers that are mirror images of each other
Term
Polymer
Definition
is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks these small building blocks molecules are called monomers
Term
dehydration reaction
Definition
occurs when two monomers bond together throuh the loss of a water molecule
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
the simplest carbohydrates or sugar
Term
Disaccharide
Definition
are double sugar ,formed when a dehydrated reaction join two monosaccharide join together
Term
Polysaccharide
Definition
polyme rcomposed of many sugar
Term
Starch
Definition
storage polysaccaride o plant,consist entirely of glucose monomers
Term
Glycogen
Definition
is a storage polysaccharide in animals
Term
Cellulose
Definition
is a structural polysaccharide
Term
Three Domains of Life
Definition
Domain Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya
Term
Phospholipid
Definition
Hydrophic tails, but the phosphate group and its attachents form a hydrophilic head.
Major compotent of all cell membranes.
Term
Steroids
Definition
A liquids charachterized by a certain skeeton consisting of four fused rings.
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
an important steroid, is a compotent in animal cell membranes.
Term
Quaternary Structure
Definition
Rsults when a protein consists of mutiple polypeptide chains.
Term
Nucleic acids
Definition
Sroe and transmit hereditary information DNA directs synthesis of messenger RNA and through RNA controls potein synthesis.
Term
Glogi Apparatus
Definition
Shipping and receiving Center.
Term
Lysosome
Definition
is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
are sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that generates ATP.
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
Found in plants and algae, are sites of photosynthesis
Term
The cytoskeleton
Definition
Support, Mobility, and regulation ytoskeleton interacts with motor proteins to produce mobility.
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