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-Anglo-Irish Writer
-Known for his wit.
-Anticipates Modernism
-Art for Arts Sake
-An emphasis on the beauty of nature
-Imprisoned for 'Gross Indecency' because of his sexuality |
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-English Playwright
-Started with melodrama but then began writing more serious, realistic drama.
-Interested in Social Change |
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-French Dramatist
-In the history of the French theatre, there are two periods: Before ____ and after ____.
-Believed it was impossible to maintain high standards while appealing to the masses.
-Anti-realism |
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-Irish Poet and Dramatist
-Founded the Abby Theatre
-Co-founded Irish National Theatre society
-1923 Nobel Prize in Liturature |
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| -Theatre run by Stanislavsky |
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-German realist
-Introduced by Freie Behne (free stage) in Germany
-Criticized for passive acceptance of Hitler
-Wrote "The Weavers" |
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-Leader of Realism
-Socially relevant drama
-Ghosts
-"Gladly would I torpedo the ark" |
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| English actor, director, designer, producer, theorist. the illegitimate son of Edward Godwin and Ellen Terry, the lover of Isadora Duncan, and actor in Henry Irving's company. Hugely innovative because he believed that the director was the true artist of the theatre, and that actors were no more imporatant than ubermarrionettes. Highly symbolic scenery |
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| French poet and critic. Believed that theatre was 'an evocation of the mystery of existence' a major figure in French symbolism. Helped inspire movements such as Dadaism and Futurism. |
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| a group of practitioners in New York, formed to gain some control over American theatre. Mafia of the theatre. It arranged for the financial destuction of managers that didn't deal directly with them. Refused to accept plays not likely to appeal to the mass audiences. it capitalized on stars, using their fame to sell more tickets. Largely responsible for how theatre of the time to become a conservative, commercial venture |
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| The Festival Theatre at Beyreuth |
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| -Theatre designed by Wagner |
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| Austrian/American theatre and film actor/director. Fled Austria and Germany when the Nazism began to spread. Harmonized stage design, language, choreography. Directed James Cagney, Mickey Rooney in a 1935 film version of Midsummer Night's Dream |
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| Swedish realist/symbolist. Started off as a realist, but, under Maeterlinck's influence, experimented with "dream plays". Cynical, dark, misogynistic, controversial. Struggled with insanity. |
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| Aurelien-Marie Lungne-Poe |
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| French actor and stage manager. Started off in the Theatre Libre. headed the Theatre de L'Oeuvre, and experimental theatre that contributed to the symbolist movement. 'the word creates the decor'. Used minimalist scenery and produced Maeterlinck |
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| a by-subscription-only organisation in London from 1891 to 1897, founded by Dutch drama critic Jacob Grein to give "special performances of plays which have a literary and artistic rather than a commercial value." The society was inspired by its continental forerunners, the Théâtre-Libre (Free Theatre) and Die Freie Bühne (Free Stage). The Society produced modern realist plays, mostly by continental European playwrights, on the London stage. |
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| Russian Director and Theorist. Directed Chekhov's plays at The Moscow Art Theatre. Developed a system for acting in which "Given Circumstances" and "The Magic If" are important. Other important terms include: objective, through line, illusion of the first time, etc. Wrote, "My Life In Art" and "An Actor Prepares" |
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| French Symbolist theatre founded in Paris in 1893 by Aurélien Lugné-Poë and directed by him until 1929 |
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| Benjamin Franklin Wedekind |
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| German playwright who melded naturalism and symbolism. Wedekind seemed to believe that commercialized art was the same as prostitution. A bit obsessed with sexual themes. wrote, "Spring's Awakening" "Samson" "Herakles" |
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| -Painted not an ideal picture of the future, but a an idea that we will overcome the future |
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| Several of W. S. Gilbert's early plays were staged here |
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| -Co-founded the Irish National Theatre Society with Yeats. This society helped usher in an indegenous Irish drama, and facilitated the founding of the Abby Theatre |
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| English actor and dramatist. Founded the Elizabethan Stage Society. Didn't like the opulent, showy productions of Shakespeare that were popular in some areas. Called for a return to 'bare boards' Shakespeare. Wanted to recreate authentic Shakespeare productions as much as possible. Used music played on Elizabethan instruments, for example. Would sometimes seat costumed audience members on the stage in order to be even more historically accurate |
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| Russian playwright and medical doctor. Associated with the Moscow Art Theatre. Stanislavski directed his work to great acclaim. Wrote "The Seagull" "Uncle Vanya" "Three Sisters" "The Cherry Orchid" |
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| Belgian writer who gained success in Paris. Believed that the most dramatic moments are the silent ones during which 'the mystery of existence, ordinarily obscured by bustling activity, makes itself felt'. Wrote, "The Intruder" "The Blind" "Pelleas and Melisande" |
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| Vladimir Demirovich-Danchenko |
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| Russian dramatist. Co-founded the Moscow Art Theatre with Konstantin Stanislavski. They later had a falling out. Established the Moscow Art Theatre School, and the Musical Theatre of the Moscow Art Theatre. Granted many honors under the soviet regime |
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| English actor and dramatist. Participated in Elizabethan Stage Society. Produced Shakespeare in which the actors spoke naturally. His criticism of Shakespeare is hugely important because he writes as a practical producer rather than an esoteric critic. |
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| Actor Manager. Built Her Majesty's Theatre in 1897. took the trend towards realistic detail to new heights. His 1900, "Midsummer Night's Dream" had real rabbits and real sod. Hi founded the acting school which eventually became the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. |
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| Russian Writer. His constant support of the proletariat made him head of the Soviet Writers' Union. Believed that culture was going to be critical to the success of the Soviets. Wrote, "The Lower Depths" "Summer Folk" "Enemies" |
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| The Irish National Theatre Society |
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Founded by Wm Butler Yeats and Lady Gregory, J.M. Synge, and others.
Devoted primarily to indigenous drama
The Abby Theatre was built to house the society |
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| The Freie Buhne (or Free Stage) |
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| independent Berlin theatre founded in 1889 by 10 writers and critics and supervised by the writer-director Otto Brahm for the purpose of staging new, naturalistic plays. Like André Antoine’s Théâtre-Libre in Paris, Brahm’s company gave private performances to theatre subscribers only. |
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Designer Theorist
Born in Switzerland, inluenced by Wagner
Emphasized Artistic Unity
3 Dimensional Scenery
Critical role of light |
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| One of the leading writers and critics ever. Used comedy to convey his sophisticated ideas. A theorist who believed that is was more important to aid society through theatre than it was to entertain. For example, although, "Midsummer Night's Dream" will probably be popular forever due to its universal appeal, Shaw cited, "Doll's House" as a more significant play because of its extreme, if contingent, social relevance. |
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| A proto-absurdist. French writer who deals with symbolism and moral ambiguity. His, "Ubu Roi" is extremely important. It shows all that is ugly in bourgeois society, and what is selfish and hideous in human nature |
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| One of those who opposed the Syndicate (along with James O'Neill, the father of Eugene O'Neill, and several others) He was a child actor in California, and ultimately became a writer, producer, and director. he depended on stars, had excellent naturalistic staging, and experimented with stage lighting. |
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| English actor/playwright. Started out as an actor, then wrote farce, then began writing "dramas of ideas" Because of the success of his drama, specifically of, "The Second Mrs. Tanqueray" England began to develop an appetite for, "Ibsen-esque" dramas |
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| Russian director, actor, producer. Developed an acting system based on practicing and assuming poses, gestures and movements: biomechanics. Experimented in the avant-garde. Stalin found his work antagonistic, and closed his theatre. Stanislavski invited him to HIS theatre, where he remained until his arrest in 1939. Sent to gulag, and tortured and executed by the Russian government |
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| Heartbreakingly beautiful Italian actress. Noted for subtlety. Often refused make up, emphasizing her desire for simple honesty. Style was opposite of Bernhardt. There was some rivalry between them. |
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| One of the most respected theatre companies in the world over towards the late 1800's. Really grew under the leadership of George II, the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. Also influenced by Ellen Franz, the duke's third wife. The historical accuracy of the productions is one of the reasons the company is ranked so highly among the realists. |
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