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| patented the sewing machine in 1846 |
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| invented a lightweight steel plow which coul |
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| opened a factory chigaco in 1847 that produced mechanical reapers (horse drawn machines that mowed wheat and other grains) could do the work of 5 people |
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| in 1844 recieved a patent for the telegraph |
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| a device that sends electrical signals along a wire |
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| a steam powered engine to pull rail cars |
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| launched the first of the clipper ships called the rainbow in 1845 |
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| vessels with tall masts and huge sails that caught every gust of wind, and broke every speed record |
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| workers who have learned a trade |
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| artisans in each trade united to form trade unions which called form shorter workdays, higher wages, and better working conditions |
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| union workers refuse to do their jobs |
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| the loss of a crop, or severe food shortage (famine in the 1840s in ireland caused 1.5 million irish immigrants to come to the u.s.) |
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| group of americans who wanted to preserve the country for native-born, white citizens, wanted to limit immigration and immigrant rights |
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| in the 1840s organized the lowell female labor reform association which petitioned the state legislature for a 10 hour workday |
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| a political party formed by the nativists which held secret meetings and rituals were keep secret |
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| a policy or attitude that denies equal rights to certain groups of people like the african americans |
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| an african american man who operated a profitable furniture company in cincinnati |
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| the first african american licensed to practice law in the u.s. |
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| was african american and graduated from bowdoin college in maine and became one of the editors of the first african american newspaper, freedom's journal |
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| in 1793, he was traveling to georgia from ct to be a tutor and when he heard of the plantation problems, he built a machine to clean cotton called the gin. it seperated the seeds from the fibers, and could do the work of 50 people cleaning by hand |
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| the wide band of plantations which extended from south carolina through alabama and mississippi to texas |
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| modeled his cotton mill in s.c. on the mills in lowell, massachusetts. he built house and grages for his workers and schools for their children |
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| wealthy families who owned 50 slaves or more and made tons of money from cotton, their fews dominated the south even though there were very few of them |
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| african american who invented a machine that revolutionized the way sugar was made |
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| african american who patented a seed planter |
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| laws passed by southern states to keep slaves from running away or rebelling |
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| grandparents, parents, children, aunts, uncles, and cousins |
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| a free african american planned a revolt in 1822 but we killed along with 35 others before it happened |
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| in 1831 an african american preacher led a major revolt through virigina killing more than 57 whites |
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