Term
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Definition
ex. salivation to the bell
a learned response that happens when certain stimuli are applied |
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Term
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Definition
ex. salivate to meat (smell)
an unlearned response when presented with an unconditioned stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
conditioning of involuntary behaviors
ex. used to control migraines |
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Term
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Definition
the reappearance of learned behavior after extinction (weaker form)
ex. Dog salivates again after hearing a whistle 3 days after he was first taught |
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Term
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Definition
gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of conditioned response
ex. The dog hears the bell but gets no food after some time theyll stop salivating when they hear the bell. |
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Term
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Definition
the behavior increases because it results in the termination of the unpleasant stimuli.
ex. student studies more to avoid getting another F |
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Term
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Definition
where some but not all correct responses are reinforced.
ex. the slot machine |
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Term
| four schedules of partial reinforcement |
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Definition
fixed ratio: every BLANK time(s) very high rate
ex. soda machine
variable ratio: SRS of the time highest rate
ex. slot machine
fixed interval: after a specific time lowest rate
ex. Pay day every 2 weeks
variable interval: given after an undetermined time moderate rate
ex. getting nibbles on your fishing line |
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Term
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Definition
increase a behavior as a result of a pleasant consequence
ex. rat learns to press a button and gets a food tab. |
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Term
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Definition
a program to motivate socially desirable behavior
ex. Inmates get a reward or tokens to be turned in for items, if they behave |
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Term
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Definition
influence us to exhibit behaviors that we've previously learned to suppress.
ex. belching in public, teen drinking and drug use |
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Term
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Definition
aka hidden learning
ex. TV Ads |
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Term
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Definition
associating a stimulus with another
ex. Bell = food |
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Term
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Definition
(Thorndike)when a behavior is followed by reward learning in consequential
reward: repeat
punishment: stop |
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Term
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Definition
tendency to make the controlled reflex to similar stimuli.
ex. dog hears bell he thinks food, dog hear whistle he thinks food. |
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Term
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Definition
decreases and suppresses behavior as a result of consequences.
ex. (+) driver avoids a busy intersection because the route will make him late
(-) teen stops coming home late as a result of being grounded |
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Term
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Definition
organization:whatever works for you,
ex. KISS (keep it simple stupid)
over learning:learn beyond what you think you know
ex. repeat it over...& over....
spaced practice: ex. read 20 min. break...
recitation: walk to your car and try to remember what you just learned
elaborative learning: use it in your everyday world (what your learning)
reheaerse fresh memory |
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Term
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Definition
disruption to the consolidation (physiological) process of memory prevents long term memory from forming.
ex. Lucy from 50 1st dates |
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Term
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Definition
a memory strategy where you group or organize bits of info into larger units makes it easier to remember
ex. social security numbers |
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Term
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Definition
a vivid provoking memory we can remember in detail. exude strong emotions.
ex. when you recieved the news of a death in the family etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| aka the working memory recorded as sound, 7 +/- items, displaced if not rehearsed. |
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Term
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Definition
primacy: your remember what you heard 1st
recency: you remember what you heard last/most recently |
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Term
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Definition
record of personal life experiences
declarative memory
ex. Senior Prom |
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Term
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Definition
specific sequence of events
declarative memory
ex. How to put together a recipe |
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Term
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Definition
aka implicit memory stores:
motor skills: riding a bike
habits: right shoe, left shoe
simple conditioned reflexes: tie your shoe |
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Term
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Definition
| read your text for 20 min take a 5 min break... |
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Term
| levels of processing model |
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Definition
memory depends on the level of info processing.
Shallow=poor memory
deep=good memory based on meaning, form association w/ info and attach meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| inability of older children and some adults to remember events from the first few years of their life. |
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Term
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Definition
recall:
serial recall is in a specific order
free recall is in any order
Recognition:
being able to ID something as familiar
ex. Multiple choice test |
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Term
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Definition
the effect of the env.'t on recall
ex. you go to your room and forget why you went there you go back out and remember |
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Term
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Definition
loss of memories experienced shortly before a trauma
ex. After a car accident you forget what happened |
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Term
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Definition
where you don't pay attention to the info in the first place
ex. Whats on the back of a nickle |
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Term
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Definition
use it or loose it!
ex. Multiplication tables |
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Term
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Definition
too much on the mind
proactive: old vs. new
ex. stick shift Vs. automatic and you still reach for the shifter
retroactive: new vs old
ex. french vs. spanish and you use a spanish word for a french one |
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Term
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Definition
its there but you just cant get it
ex. You know the name of a person but you just cant seem to get it out! |
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Term
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Definition
inability to form new long term memories
ex. Richard |
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Term
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Definition
mental grouping/classification of objects, events or activities. based on common characteristics
Ex. Student=books, pencils etc. |
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Term
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Definition
evaluating alternatives against a set of factors that have been ranks from most to least important
ex. Apartment hunting example in class |
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Term
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Definition
tendency to base decision on info easily remembered
ex. Drive or fly |
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Term
| representativeness heuristics |
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Definition
make a decision based on how close a situation resembles another one you've made.
ex. Stereotyping |
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Term
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Definition
specific step by step process that guarantee the correct outcome if applied correctly
ex. area of a triangle equation |
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Term
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Definition
Binet-simon: 1st test and from France
Stanford-Binet: brought from France to the US, culturally biased
Wechsler: for adults |
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Term
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Definition
| where we apply solution that has worked before in a similar situation. |
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Term
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Definition
tendency for old patterns of prob. solving to persists even though there's a better approach.
ex. paying bills by mail instead of online |
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Term
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Definition
tendency to think an object only in terms of its traditional usage
ex. No hammer but there's a heavy sturdy object handy and you don't use it to nail the object instead |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to understand the world, adapt effectively, learn from experience, to reason and overcome obstacles thru mental effort |
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Term
| Spearman's general intelligence |
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Definition
g factor: general ability underlies all intellectual functions.
s factor: specific abilities like music dance etc. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an IQ test must give reliable (constant) scores in order to be a true measuring device |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to generate new ideas and appropriate solutions to problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| process of creativity generate multiple ideas and or solutions |
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Term
| four stages of creative problem solving |
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Definition
Prep: gather info
Incubate: let prob absorb and sit on it
Illuminate: have a sudden insight
translation: translate insight into useful action. |
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Term
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Definition
the way you state something to sway it to your way of thinking.
ex. Welfare or aid to the needy |
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Term
Language:
surface structure
deep structure |
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Definition
communication of thoughts and feelings using sounds, signs, or symbols arranged according to rules of grammer
surface: the literal words of a sentence
deep: the underlying meaning |
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Term
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Definition
deriving conclusions from particular facts or individual cases.
ex. with a detective evidence points out the suspect |
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Term
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Definition
determining the difference btwn the start situation and the desired goal and take steps to reduce hte difference
ex. I want to become a nurse and take steps to get there. |
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