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| The British smuggled Opium into China and proceeded to get a lot of people addicted to the drug. The Chinese government was very unhappy about this, and they made as many efforts as possible to destroy the Opium Trade. |
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| Treaty which ended the war between the British and the Chinese. The imperial government of China had to give Britain the island of Hong Kong forever and pay $100 million dollars and open 4 large cities to foreign trade with low tariffs. |
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| American officer who threatened to attack Japan if they did not open up to foreign trade. Japan complied with his demands. |
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| Grandson of Muhammad Ali, the ruler of Egypt. He built large irrigation networks and ordered the construction of the Suez canal. He tried to Europeanize his country and remarked that Egypt was a part of Europe rather than Africa. |
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| Egyptian colonel who tried to take over Egypt. He overthrew Ismail and his actions resulted in anti-European riots in Alexandria. |
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| the struggle to manufacture goods around the world and create or enlarge political empires abroad. |
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| African tribe which held the majority of the territory in what is now South Africa before the Dutch settlers came. |
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| African tribe who held land in the area now known as South Africa. They fought with the Dutch settlers in order to retain this land. |
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| The descendants of the original Dutch settlers in South Africa. |
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| The descendants of the Dutch in the Cape Colony. |
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| British commander who tried to get as much territory as possible in Africa. |
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| Area in Africa where the British were developing gold mines. |
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| This colony was united with the other British colonies to form a Union of South Africa. |
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| Another country in the union between Cape Colony and the other British territories to form the Union of South Africa. |
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| Berlin Conference, 1884/85 |
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| A conference between major European powers over the issue of dividing up Africa. It said that European claims to African territory had to rest on “effective occupation” in order to be recognized by other states. |
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| Place in Sudan where a major battle took place between the British forces under General Horatio H. Kitchener and the indigenous Muslims. The battle was almost a massacre, with 11,000 spear wielding Muslims dead and only 28 Britons dead. |
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| French occupied area. They barely avoided a war when both countries (France and Britain) raced to try to claim one of Africa’s last unclaimed areas – the upper reaches of the Nile. |
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| Influential British writer who claimed that is was the “white man’s burden” to go and civilize all the other countries in the world. |
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| The idea that the Western powers have an obligation to go and civilize the less developed nations around the world. |
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| Great Rebellion/Sepoy Rebellion |
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| An insurrection of Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army. It spread through northern and central India before it was crushed by native troops in southern India. |
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| Body formed by Hindus in India in order to make demands for equality and self-government. |
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| Military ruler of Japan. They enforced their rule with samurai. |
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| Soldiers of the shogun. They were a warrior nobility. |
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| The restoration of the power of the Japanese Emperor by the Samurai. |
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| rebellion which sought to expel all foreign influences from China. |
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| Dynasty of China which was on the verge of collapse but surprisingly made a giant comeback. They strengthened their leadership skills and they also received some help from the Europeans. However, an uprising in 1912 later ended the Manchu Dynasty. |
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