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stimulation of sense organs
process of detectin stimuli |
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interpretation of sensory input
high order processes, organization, and selection |
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necessary for any type of vision
waves of electromagnetic energy
wavelength determines color
amplitude of wave determines the intensity and brightness |
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| controls light entering the eye |
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sensitivity not important
pupils constrict
image on each retina sharper |
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| focuses incoming light on retina |
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adjusts lens to focus
flatter when distant view
rounder when near view |
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neural tissue
lines inside back surface
absorbs light
processes images
sends visual input to brain |
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good for low levels of light
greater sensitivity
peripheral vision |
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good for high levels of light
grater acuity
colors
contains fovea |
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indentation in retina
densly packed wiht cones
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| retinal area that when stimulated affect firing of cells |
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| retina to primary visual cortex |
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Definition
left eye processed in right brain
goes from retina to thalamus to cortex
then to ventral and dorsal stream |
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| processes what your looking at |
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| processes where you are looking |
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processing becomes more specialized as info moves farther
there are cells that respond specifically to your grandmother, recognizes people |
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difficulty recognizing faces
may be damage to the ventral stream
may have unconsious recognition |
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origionally from a gene mutation in primates
facilitated in detection of food and predators |
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theory says that there are 3 types of cones
each has a different sensitivity to different wavelengths
color is determined by ratio of activity of red, blue, and green
any color can be made by mixing 3 different wavelengths |
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3 types of cones:
red/green
blue/ yellow
black/white (brightness)
excitation vs. inhibition of cells |
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produce white light when combined
nonexistant together |
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some visual input can result in radically different views
subjective
reversible figures |
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readiness to recienve a stimulus in a particualr way
motivational forces |
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progression from individual elements to the whole
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progression from whole to individual elements
recognition of word before letters |
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whole can be greater than sum of parts
how we precieve different images |
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| illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succesion |
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| elements that are close together group together |
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| supply missing elements to a picture |
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| inferences of what form could be responsible for a pattern of sensory stimulation |
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| what we know or are led to believe influences our perception |
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prey- eyes on side of head to see peripheral vision better
predator- eyes in front of the head |
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can be given in a flat picture
linear perspective
texture gradients
interpositition
relative size
height in plane
light and shadow |
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| discrepancy between appearance of stimulus and reality |
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| perception of objects through sounds |
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| vibrations of air molecules |
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| Sound travelling through ear |
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Definition
external ear- vibrations, travel down ear canal, to ear drum
middle ear- three ossicles
inner ear- oval window, fluid in cochlea, hair cells stimulated, cause action potential to brain |
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| ear to primary auditory cortex |
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no main auditory pathway
signals are given to both sides |
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| perception responds to vibes of different parts if basilar membrane |
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| responds to rate of vibrations in the entire basilar membrane |
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taste
receptors on tongue and part of oral cavity |
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| clusters of about 50 gustatory receptors |
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have more taste buds
react more to:
spicy
fewer sweets and high fats
lower use of alcohol and smoking
few vegetables
more common in women |
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Definition
| gradual decline in sensitivity to prolonged stimulation |
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hairlike structures
upper part of nasal passages
frequently replaced |
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Definition
cilia axons project to olfactory bulb
neurons from bulb project to cortex
doesnt pass through thalamus |
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Definition
stimuli:
mechanical, thermal, chemical
Perception:
tactile/ pressure, warmth, cold, pain |
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| part of ur body that reacts to touch |
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| skin, spinal cord, thalamus, cortex |
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fast and slow pathway
perception influenced by:
situation
stress
culture |
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something has to allow pain signals to get to brain
incoming pain signals can be blocked
could be endorphins |
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