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The Tao of Physics
Final Exam
151
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 2
05/10/2011

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Term

Who said this?

 

"The great scientific contribution in theoretical physics that has come from Japan since the last war may be an indication of a certain relationship between philosophical ideas in the tradition of the far East and the philosophical sustance of quantum theory."

Definition
Werner Heisenberg
Term
What ancient Greek philosopher believed in a world of perpetual change?
Definition
Heraclitus
Term
Heraclitus described a continuous flow of change of all things. This was called?
Definition
The Universal Principle of Fire
Term
The Universal Principle of Fire is much like what Taoist concept?
Definition
yinyang
Term
What is Logos and how is this achieved, according to Heraclitus?
Definition
Unity, achieved by a pair of opposites in their dynamic&cyclical interplay
Term
"Eternal Becoming" describes the philosophy of who?
Definition
Heraclitus
Term
This philosopher, associated with Unchangable Being, was the opposite of Heraclitus.
Definition
Paramenides
Term
The Being, in Paramenides philosophy, is what two characteristics?
Definition
Unique and Unchangable.
Term
What is change, according to Paramenides?
Definition
Impossible, nothing but an illusion of the senses.
Term
This concept of substance, created by Paramenides, is fundemantal to the development of Western science and philosophy.
Definition
Industractable Substance
Term
The combination of Heraclitus and Paramenides resulted in what scientific concept?
Definition
Atoms, the smalled indivisible unit of matter
Term
Accompanying the birth of modern science in the 17th century, what philosophy is the extreme of spirit/matter dichotomy?
Definition
Cartesian Dualism
Term
Who is the father of modern philosophy?
Definition
Rene Descartes
Term
Used by Rene Descartes, what does "res cogitans" mean?
Definition
"of the mind"
Term
Used by Rene Descartes, what does "res extensa" mean?
Definition
"of matter"
Term
Who is the father of modern philosophy?
Definition
Rene Descartes
Term
As a result of Cartesian Dualism, matter became undersood as what?
Definition
Dead, seperate from us
Term
The idea that matter is dead and seperate from us was the result of what view?
Definition
Mechanistic
Term
This classical physicist understood mechanics as the basis of physics
Definition
Isacc Newton
Term
Subatomic particles demonstrate what kind of view?
Definition
Organic
Term
"Cogito Ergo Sum" means what and was said by whom?
Definition

I think therefore I am

-Rene Descartes

Term
As a result of "cogito ergo sum" we equate ego with ___, not ___.
Definition
mind, not body
Term
The subject understanding itself as seperate from the object is a result of what?
Definition
"Cogito Ergo Sum"
Term
The individual being aware of self as an isolated ego existing inside of a body, leading to an endless conflict between will and instinct, can be attributed to what idea?
Definition
"Cogito Ergo Sum"
Term
Fragmentation of ourselves and society is the result of what view?
Definition
Mechanistic
Term
What are the two modes of consciousness?
Definition
Rational and Intuition
Term
"I know that I know nothing" was said by whom and represents which mode of consciousness?
Definition
Socrated, representing Rational consciousness
Term
"It is not knowing that one knows best" was said by whom and represents which mode of consciousness?
Definition
Lao Tzu, respresenting Intuition
Term
This type of knowledge creates a mentality where you discriminate, divide, compare, measure, and categorize.
Definition
Rational
Term
Buddhist refer to this type of knowledge as "relative" because opposites exist in relation to one another.
Definition
Rational
Term
These two traits of Rational knowledge force one to ignore some traits while emphasizing others.
Definition
Compare and Classify
Term
This knowledge is a system of abstract concepts and symbols
Definition
Rational
Term
This knowledge is characterized by linear, sequential structure.
Definition
Rational
Term
Linear thinking is a characteristic of this type of knowledge
Definition
Rational
Term
This type of knowledge is necessarily limited.
Definition
Rational
Term

Who said this?

"Every word or concept, clear as it may seem to be, has only a limited range of applicability."

Definition
Werner Heisenberg
Term

What does this phrase mean?

"A finger is needed to point to the moon, but we must see the moon, not the finger.

Definition
Language points to reality, it is not reality. 
Term

Who said this?

"The map is not the territory"

Definition
Alfred Korzybski
Term
In the quote "the map is not the territory" what is meant by "the map"?
Definition
The map is language
Term

Fill in the blank:

The ____ structured the language, the ____ ability to define reality.

Definition
The more structured the language, the less ability to define reality.
Term

Where is this quote from, and who said it?

"The Tao that can be expressed is not the eternal Tao."

Definition
Opening line from the Tao te Ching, by Lao Tzu
Term
Describe the first step of the Hypothetical Deductive Method.
Definition
1) Gather experimental evidence of a phenomena.
Term
Describe the second step of the Hypothetical Deductive Method.
Definition
Turn experimental facts into mathematical symbols, creating a mathematical model or theory.
Term
In the third step of the Hypothetical Deductive Method, you use a mathematical  model or theory to do what?
Definition
Predict future experiments
Term
What is the "Third stage of research" (the 4th step) of the Hypothetical Deductive Method?
Definition
Translate mathematical knowledge to secular language
Term
Describe "hypothetical"
Definition
An inductive method, used in science
Term
Describe "Hypothetico" 
Definition
Deductive method, used in math
Term
The Greeks used what kind of reasoning from fundamental axioms?
Definition
Deductive
Term
When forming new insights and utilizing creativity in science, what type of knowledge is being used?
Definition
Intuition
Term
This is an extremely abstracted and condensed language
Definition
Math
Term
Who said "All things are numbers" ?
Definition
Pythagoras
Term
What ancient philosopher first introduced logical reasoning and religion?
Definition
Pythagoras
Term
The idea that everything is connected is representitive of which view?
Definition
Organic
Term
The idea that our world is but different aspects of the same ultimate reality is reprsentitive of which view?
Definition
Organic
Term

Fill in the blank:

Avidya (ignorance) results in a ____ mentality which created an isolated ego.

Definition
categorizing
Term
This view understand all as fluid and everchanging.
Definition
Organic
Term
This view doesn't divide nature into seperate objects
Definition
Organic
Term
This view believe the cosomos are in one inseperable reality, ever in motion, alive, spiritual, and material.
Definition
Organic
Term
Eastern thought provides a consistent and relevant philosophical background to conemporary science. What are the two basic themes of this conception?
Definition

"Unity and Change"

1) unity and interrelation of all.

2) intrinsically dynamic nature of the universe.

Term

Fill in the blank:

The modern physicist has come to see the world as a system of inseperable interacting and evermoving components with the ____ being a(n) _____ part of this system.

Definition
The modern physicist has come to see the world as a system of inseperable interacting and evermoving components with the observer being a(n) integral part of this system.
Term
There is no seperation between the observer and what?
Definition
What the observer is looking at.
Term
Can there be an objective observer?
Definition
No. Always a subject.
Term

Fill in the blank:

This book aims at showing there is a(n) _______ ______ between Easten wisdom and Western science. 

Definition
This book aims at showing there is a(n) essential harmony between Easten wisdom and Western science. 
Term

Fill in the blank of this Zen saying:

"The instant you _____ about a thing you miss the mark."

Definition
"The instant you speak about a thing you miss the mark."
Term
What did D.T. Suzuki do?
Definition
Brought Zen to the West
Term

Who said this?

"The seeing plays the most important role in Buddhist epistemology, for seeing is at the basis of knowing. Knowing is impossible without seeing. Seeing is experience enlightenment."

Definition
D. T. Suzuki
Term

Who said this?

"My prediliction is to see because only by seeing can a man of knowledge know."

Definition
Don Juan
Term

Fill in the blank:

Eastern "____" is akin to western "____"

Definition
Eastern "seeing" is akin to western "experimenting"
Term
What is the goal of meditation?
Definition
An immediate, nonconceptual awareness of reality.
Term
Silencing the thinking mind is a goal of what?
Definition
Meditation
Term
In meditation one shift from a _____ mode of consciousness to a _____ mode of consciousness.
Definition

In meditation one shift from a rational mode of consciousness to a intuitive mode of consciousness.

Term
All eastern art forms are what?
Definition
Meditation
Term
An extraordinary awareness can only be achieved by silencing what?
Definition
The rational mind.
Term
Who said this?
"As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality."
Definition
Albert Einstien. 
Term
Newton's classical mechanics ignored what two forces?
Definition
Friction and air resistence.
Term
What was the name of the paradoxical riddles used by masters in Zen Buddhism?
Definition
Koans
Term

Fill in the blank:

Theories, myths, etc. are all models to describe the authors' _____ of reality.

Definition
Theories, myths, etc. are all models to describe the authors' intuition of reality.
Term

Who said this?

"The problems of language here are really serious. We wish to speak in some way about the atoms, but we cannot speak about atoms in ordinary language."

Definition
Werner Heisenberg
Term

Who said this?

"The most difficult problem concerning the use of the language arises in quantum theory. Here we have at first no simple guide for correlating the mathematical symbols with concepts of ordinary language, and the only thing we know from the start is the fact that our common concepts cannot be applied to the structure of the atoms."

Definition
Werner Heisenberg
Term
This teaching method makes the student realize the limitations of logic and reasoning
Definition
koan
Term
This riddle is impossible to solve by thinking
Definition
koan
Term
This riddle can only be understood in terms of a new awareness.
Definition
koan
Term

Who said this?

"I remember discussions with Bohr which went through many hours 'til very late at night and ended almost in despair. When at the end of the discussion I went alone for a walk in the park and I repeated to myself again and again the question: can nature possible be as absurd as it seems in these atomic experiments?"

Definition
Werner Heisenberg
Term
Subatomic particles are like what Eastern concept?
Definition
Chi
Term

Fill in the blanks:

Chi flows through the body in a system of _____, flowing between _____ and _____.

Definition
Chi flows through the body in a system of meridians, flowing between yin and yang.
Term

Who said this?

"Absolute space, in its own nature, without regard to anything external, remains always similar and immovable."

Definition
Isacc Newton
Term

Who said this?

"Absolute, true, and mathematical time of itself and by its own nature flows uniformly without regard to anything external"

Definition
Isacc Newton
Term
What moves in the view of Classical Physics?
Definition
Particles
Term
What two concepts of Modern Physics shattered Classical Physics?
Definition
Relativity theory and Atomic Physics
Term
The theory of relativity was created by who?
Definition
Albert Einstein
Term
In this Modern Physics theory electrodynamics meets mechanics.
Definition
Theory of Relativity
Term
This theory understand time as not universal, but instead subject to the observer.
Definition
Theory of Relativity
Term
The theory of relativity redefines the classical understanding of a 3 dimensional space and a seperate entity of time. What new understanding does relativity construct?
Definition
4 dimensional space/time continuum.
Term
"Solid bodies moving in an empty space" describes what view?
Definition
Mechanistic
Term
This physical element has no meaning as isolated entities.
Definition
Subatomic Particles
Term
When studying this aspect of physics it is discoved that the observer is essential to the experiment. The properties can only be understood in terms of an objects interraction with the observer.
Definition
Subatomic particles
Term

Fill in the blank:

As a result of Modern Physics a(n) _____ description of nature is invalid.

Definition
As a result of Modern Physics a(n) objective description of nature is invalid.
Term
As a result of modern physics it is understood that we cannot speak of nature without speaking of ourselves. This directly contradicts which earlier philosophy?
Definition
Cartesian Dualism
Term
This is a Hindu collection of ancient scriptures written by sages.
Definition
Vedas
Term
A part of the Vedas, this literally means "to sit by the theatre"
Definition
Upanishads
Term
The Hindu monistic essence of reality. This is the ultimate reality and soul of all things, unable to be grasped by intellect.
Definition
Brahman
Term
This is the Brahman in the human soul.
Definition
Atman
Term

Fill in the blanks:

"That which is the finest essence - this whole world has that as its soul. That is reality. That is Atman. ____ ____ ____." -Upanishads

Definition
"That which is the finest essence - this whole world has that as its soul. That is reality. That is Atman. That art thou." -Upanishads
Term
When under the spell of this magic creative power one is confusing the forms with reality.
Definition
Maya
Term
This means "action", "the force of creation."
Definition
Karma
Term
When under the spell of maya, one is bound by this force.
Definition
Karma
Term
This term means "liberation", acheived when one experiences everything as Brahman
Definition
Moksha
Term
This is the most intellectual school of Hinduism. It reject mythology.
Definition
Vedanta
Term
The 6th century B.C. man became the first "Buddha"
Definition
Siddhartha Gautama
Term
This man woke up from the illusion of ideas and became a realist.
Definition
Siddhartha Gautama
Term
This first noble truth is the result of facing the basic fact that everything is impermanent and transitory, leading the suffering and frustration.
Definition
Duhkha
Term
"All things arise and pass away" describes which Noble Truth?
Definition
The first, Duhkha
Term
This means suffering and frustation.
Definition
Duhkha
Term
This means clinging and grasping.
Definition
Trishna
Term
This second Noble Truth explains the cause of all suffering, resulting from avidya (ignorance), clinging and grasping
Definition
Trishna
Term
This third Noble Truth says suffering and frustration can be ended through the elimination of the ego. Achieving this is total liberation.
Definition
Nirvana
Term
When achieving this awakening, "Buddhahood", the oneness of life becomes a constant sensation.
Definition
Nirvana
Term
This buddhist concept is the equivilant to the Hindu "moksha"
Definition
Nirvana
Term
What is the 4th Noble Truth?
Definition
Eightfold Path, the prescription to end all suffering
Term
This man was the most intellectual Mahayan philosopher
Definition
Nagarjuna
Term
This philosopher showed the limitations of all concepts of reality.
Definition
Nagarjuna
Term
This means "the void", "emptiness"
Definition
Sunyata
Term

Fill in the blank:

"Reality is _____"

-Nagarjuna

Definition
Sunyata
Term
This means "inuitive intelligence" and "transcendental wisdom"
Definition
Prajna
Term
This means "conventional knowledge"
Definition
Vijnana
Term
This philosophy focuses on common sense, practical knowledge, and social organization.
Definition
Confucianism
Term
This man taught the Six Classics, and later his disciples compiled his aphorisms into a book called Lun Yu
Definition
Confucius
Term

What idea is described by this quote?

"The sage avoids excess, extravagance, and indulgence"

-Lao Tzu

Definition
The Golden Mean
Term

What concept is described by this quote?

"Those who flow the natural order flow in the current of the Tao"

Definition
wu-wei
Term
This means "non-action", "refraining from activity contrary to nature"
Definition
wu-wei
Term
This is the goal of Zen
Definition
satori
Term
This means "the attainment of enlightenment"
Definition
satori
Term
The three methods of achieving this aim of Zen are koan, sanzen, and sazen.
Definition
Satori
Term

Who said this?

"Zen is the discipline of enlightenment."

Definition
D. T. Suzuki
Term

This is "understanding reality through language"

 

Definition
naive realism
Term

Finish this quote:

"Before you study Zen, mountains are mountains and rivers are rivers; while you are studying Zen mountains are no longer mountains and rivers are no longer rivers..."

Definition

"Before you study Zen, mountains are mountains and rivers are rivers; while you are studying Zen mountains are no longer mountains and rivers are no longer rivers

But once you have enlightenment, mountains are once again mountains and rivers again rivers."

Term
In the Zen proveb about mountains and rivers, "mountains are not mountains" describes what concept?
Definition
Sunytua
Term
This Zen school is known as the "sudden" school, utilizing the koan method.
Definition
Rinzai
Term
This is a dialogue between the master and the student. In these periodic formal interviews the student present their understanding of the koan.
Definition
sanzen
Term
This is a sudden insight into a koan
Definition
satori
Term
This Zen school emphasizes gradual maturing
Definition
Soto
Term
Quiet sitting and ordinary work are both used for meditation in this Zen school.
Definition
Soto
Term
This means "sitting meditation"
Definition
Zazen
Term

Who said this?

"What we observe is not nature itself, but nature exposed to our questioning."

Definition
Werner Heisenberg
Term
This idea that position and momentum can never be measured simeltaniously with percision describes what theory?
Definition
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
Term
This theory expresses the limitation of our classical concepts in precise mathematical form.
Definition
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
Term
If the premises are true, the conclusion may be true.
Definition
Induction
Term
If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
Definition
Deduction
Term
In hinduism, this is the wheel of life/reincarnation.
Definition
Samsara
Term
This is known as the moral law of cause and effect
Definition
The Law of Karma
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