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| A system of rule by the people, defined by the existence of popular soverignty, political equality, and political liberty. |
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| The abuse of power by a rule or a government |
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| A form of political decision making in which the public business is decided by all citizens |
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| Indirect democracy, in which the people rule through elected representatives |
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| The basic principle of democracy that the people ultimately rule |
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| The form of political decision making in which policies are decided on the basis of what a majority of the people want. |
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| The principle that says that each person carries equal weight in the conduct of the public business. |
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| Guarantees by government of equal citizenship to all social groups |
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| The principle that citizens in a democracy are protected from government interference in the exercise of a range of basic freedoms, such as the freedoms of speech, association, and conscience |
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| A philosophical device, used by Enlightenment thinkers such as Locke, Rousseau, and Harrington, to suggest that governments are only legitimate if they are created by a voluntary compact among the people |
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| Representatives of the states who formally elect the president; the number of electors in each state is equal to the total number of senators and congressional representatives |
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| The period of tense relations between the United States and the Soviet Union from the late 1940s to the late 1980s |
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| Popular term for the system of legally sectioned racial segregation that existed in the American South until the middle of the twentieth century |
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| A loose association of states or territorial units formed for a common purpose |
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| The basic framework of law the prescribes how government is to operate |
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| Artricles of Confederation |
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Definition
| The first Constitution of the United States, adopted during the last stages of the Revolutionary War, created a system of government with the most power lodged in the states and little in the cetral governement |
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Republicanism,
18th Century |
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| A politcal doctrine advocating litmited government based on pupular consent, protected against majority tyranny |
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| Enactments postponing the collection of taxes or mortgage payments. |
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| Created a strong central government dominated by Congress controlled by the most popular states |
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| Proposal of the smaller states at the Constitutional Convention to create a government based on the equal representation of the states in a unicameral legislator |
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Connecticut Compromise
Great Compromise |
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Definition
- Compromise between the Virgina and New Jersey plans
- Called for a lower legislative house based on a population size and a upper house based on a equal representation of the states
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| A system in which significant governmental powers are divided between central government and smaller territoral units, such as states |
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| Provision in Article VI of the constitution that states that the Constituion and the laws and treaties of the United States are the supreme law of the land, taking precedence over state laws and constitutions |
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Elastic Clause
Necessary and Proper clause |
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Definition
| Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution gives Congress the authority to make whatever laws are necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated responsibilities |
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| First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, concerned with basic liberties |
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| Distribuation of government legislative, executive, and judicial powers to seperate branches of government |
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| Constitutional principle that gonvernment power shall be divided and that the fragments should balance or check one another to prevent tyranny |
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| Proponents of the Constituion during ratification fight; also political party of Hamilton, Washington, and Adams |
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| The power of the Supreme Court to declare actions of the other branches and levels of government unconstitutinal. |
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| System of government in which authority is lodged in the legistlative body (the parliament) that chooses, usually from within its own ranks, a prime minister and a cabinet to run the day-to-day affairs of state. |
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| 10th Amemndment to constituion, reserving powers to the states of the people. |
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| Term used to refer to relationships among the states |
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| Agreements among states to cooperate on solving mutual problems; requires approval by Congress |
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| View of American federalism that holds that the constitution created a system in which the national government is supreme, relative to the states, and that granted to its broad range of powers and reponsibilities |
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| View of American federalism that holds that the Constitution created a system of dual sovereignty in which the national government and the state governments are sovereign in their own spheres |
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| Federalism in which the powers of the states and the national government are neatly seperated like the sections of a layer cake. |
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| An attempt by states to declare national laws or actions null and void |
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| Exclusion of the states from actions that might interfere with federal authority or statutes |
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| The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the constitution adopted immediately after the Civil War |
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14th Ammendment
Due Process Clause |
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| no state can deprive a person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. |
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| black males right to vote |
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| Section of the 14th Amendment that provides equal protection of the laws to all citizens |
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| Delegation of power by the central government to state or local bodies |
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| Funds from the national government to state and local governments to help pay for programs created by the national government |
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| Federal aid to states and localities clearly specifying what the money can be used for |
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| Federalism in which the powers of the states and the national government are so intertwined that public policies can happen only if the two levels of government cooperate |
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| Federal grants to the states to be used for general activities |
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| Federal aid to the states without conditions on how the money is to be spent |
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| Provisions in the federal assistance requiring that state and local government follow certain policies in to obtain federal funds |
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| Formal order from the national government that the states carry out certain policies |
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| Antiforeign; Applies to political movements active in the nineteenth century |
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| States of the Lower South, Southwest, and West, where sunny weather and often conservative politics prevail |
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Term
| Gross Domestic Product, GDP |
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Definition
| Monetary value of all good and sevices produced in a nation each year, excluding income residents earn abroad. |
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| Household income number at which one-half of all households have more income; the midpoint of all households ranked by income |
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| The federal government's calculation of the amount of income families of various sizes need to stay out of poverty |
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| The process by which individuals come to have cartain core beliefs and political attitudes |
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