Victor Horta - Staircase (1893)

Art Nouveau

* Japanese influence

Beardsley- Illustration to Oscar Wilde's "Salome" (1894)

Art Nouveau

*Owe so much to 3Whistler and Japanese prints

Toulouse Lautrec-Poster (1892)

Art Nouveau

*Japanese influence

Paul Cézanne - The Mont Sainte-Victoire seen from Bellevue (1885)

Modern Art

*Task: paint "from nature", to make use of the discoveries of the Impressionist masters, and yet to recapture the sense of order and necessity tha distinguished Poussin.

* Not impressionist: he hated messiness.

*Maybe Late Impressionism

Paul Cézanne - Portrait of the Artist's Wife (1885)

Modern Art

Paul Cézanne- Still Life (1878)

Modern Art 

*He sacrificed the conventional "correctness".

Georges Seurat - Bridge at Courbevoi (1886)

Pointillism (Late Impressionism)

*Impressionis painting method as starting point

Georges Seurat - A Sunday Afteroon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884)

Pointillism (Late Impressionism)

Paul Cézanne-Rocky scenery near Aix (1886)

Van Gogh - The sun rising from behind Mont Majours (1888)

Expressionism

Technique: Impasto

*Japanese influence

*Aimed for an art for every human being

Van Gogh - Landscape with cypresses near Arles (1888)

*He used colors and forms to paint what he felt and what he wished others to feel.

Paul Gauguin - Two Tahitian Women (1897)

*He was glad to be called "barbarian"

*His style originated Primitivism

Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres - Bath (1808)

*Leading conservative painter. He admired the heroic and classical antiquity.

*Cool clarity in compositions.

*He and his followers cultivated the Grand Manner and admired Poussin and Raphael

Eugène Delacroix - Arabic Fantasy (1834)

* Main opponent of Ingres

*Search for movement

François Millet - The Gleaners (1857)

Eary Realism

*He wanted to paint the peasants lives 

Gustave Courbet - Bonjour Monsieur Courbet

Realism 

'Le réalism, G. Courbet'

*He wanted to be the pupil of nature, seeking for the truth.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti- Ecce Ancilla Domini (The Annunciation) s. XIX

Member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

* He sought to emule the attitude of the saints

*Explore nature regardless of convention

Edouard Manet- Monet working in his boat (1874)

Impressionism

*Painted in open air

*Representation of nature by its colours

Edouard Manet - The Balcony (1896)

Impressionism

*Impression of depth thanks to the bold color of the balcony railing.

*The color of the railing breaks all color rules

Edouard Manet - The races at Longchamp (1872)

Impressionism

Claude Monet - The Gare St. Lazare in Paris

Impressionism

*Influenced in Turner.

*He was convinced of the magic effects of light and air, as a subject of painting. 

Auguste Renoir- A Dance at the "Moulin de la Galette" (1876)

Impressionism

*The one of the impressionists group that decided to apply the new principles to any scene of real life. 

*Unconventional, sketchy, "unfinished".

Camille Pissarro-The Boulevard Montmartre (1897)

Impressionism

Hokusai-The Fuji seen behind a cistern (1834)

Japanese colour-print

(Not the picture)

*Master of the Japanese print

*The Japanese print helped the european (french mostly) artists that the European conventions still remained with them without their having noticed it. 

Utamaro- Counting House, evening (1800)

Japanese colour print

(Not the image)

Edgar Degas- Awaiting the Cue (1879)

Impressionism

*Impression of space and solid forms from the most unexpected angles

*What mattered was the interplay of light and shade on the human form, and the way in which he could suggest movement or space.

Edgar Degas- Uncle and Niece (1875)

Impressionism

Auguste Rodin- The sculptor Jules Dalou (1883)

Impressionism

*Sculpture in the battle against modernism. 

*He despised the appearance of "finish".

*Sometimes he left part of the stone standing.

*He asserted the artist's right to declare his work finished. 

James McNeil Whistler- Arrangement in Grey and Black (portrait of the artist's mother) (1871)

Impressionism

*What matter was the way in which the matter was translated into colours and forms. 

* "The gentle art of making enemies"

*Leader in the "aesthetic movement"

James McNeil Whistler-Nocturne in Blue and Silver: Old Battersea Bridge (1872)

Impressionism

Strawberry Hill-Walpole, Bentley and Chute (1750-75)

Neo-Gothic

*Walpole didn't want his Villa to fit in the conventional Palladian style villa. 

*"Gothic revival"

Papworth- A Regency Façade: Dorset House, Cheltenham

*"Greek revival"

John Soane- Design for a country house

*Example of the "revival" of the Doric order in its original form (The Parthenon)

*Very popular in England

Thomas Jefferson- Monticello

Neo-Classical Style

*"Greek Revival"

John Singleton Copley- Charles I demanding the Surrender of the five impeached (1785).

*After the French Revolution artists felt free to choose as their subjects anything from a Shakespearian scene to a topical event, anything.

*Incident when Charles I demanded from the House of Commons the arrest of five impeached members, and when the Spekaer challenged the King's authority and declined to surrender them.

*Strong influence in the history of Europe

*This scene would be enacted by Mirabeau who denied the King's right to interfere with the representatives of people in France.

Jacques Louis David- Marat assassinated (1793)

*The French revolution gave a huge impulse to this type of interest in history.

Francisco Goya- King Ferdinand VII of Spain

*His portraits (which secured him a position at the Spanish court) look superficially like State portraits in the vein of Vandyke or Reynolds.

*But he seems to mock their pretentious elegance

Francisco Goya- The Giant (1820)

Etching

*He made a lot of etchings with a technique called aquantinta (etched lines + shaded patches)

*Most of them are fantastic visions of witched and uncanny apparitions 

William Blake- The Ancient of Days (1794)

Metal cut with water colour.

*He lived by making etchings, sometimes to illustrate his own poems.

*This painting is one of the illustrations to his poem "Europe, a Prophecy". 

*There is something of Michelangeli's figure of the Lord.

*Blake was the first artist to revolt against the accepted standards of tradition.