Support

Protection

Blood cell production

Storage

Movement

Expanded portion at the ends of long bones

Dense bone

Contain lacunae & lamellae

Blood vessels & nerves enter the central canal

Contain trabeculae

Follow lines of stress

Contains red marrow

   Red marrow produces blood cells

A specialized tissue that produces blood cells

Mature bone cells, found within osteon

Condition caused by a reduction in mass of bones that make up the skeleton

-bones are thin, weak

-fracture easily

-women more likely than men to lose bone mass

Formation of bone

-intramembranous oss.- form bones of the skull

-endochondral oss.- form most bones of the body

Bone is broken through

Bone is NOT seperated into 2 parts

Broken but does not pierce the skin

Pierces the skin

Broken ends are wedged into each other

Ragged break due to twisting of bone

Repair of a fracture

7 Cervical (neck)

12 Thoracic (chest)

5 Lumbar (lower back)

5 Sacral

3 to 5 Coccygeal

Lordosis-exaggerated lumbar curvature "swayback"

Kyphosis-increased roundness of the thoracic curv. "hunchback"

Scoliosis-abnormal lateral curv. occurs most often in the thoracic region

Tailbone

-formed from a fusion of 3 to 5 vertebrae

Rib Cage

-protects heart & lungs

-aids in breathing

-provides support for bones of the pectoral girdle

12 pair- connect to thoracic vertebrae

True Ribs-upper 7 connect to sternum

False Ribs-next 5 attatch indirectly to stern.

Floating Ribs-do not attatch anteriorly to stern.

Flat, blade-shaped bone

-the breastbone

-helps protect heart & lungs

-composed of 3 bones that fuse

     manubrium

     body

     xiphoid process

The most inferior & smallest part of the sternum

Shoulder girdle

-contains 4 bones- 2clavicles,2scapulae

-supports the arms & serves as a place of attatchment for muscles

Collarbones

-s-shaped

-only place where pec girdle is attatched to axial skeleton

-braces the scapula

-stabilizes the shoulder

Shoulder blades

-contains glenoid cavity, acromion process, & coracoid process

Includes bones of the arm

-arm-humerus

-forearm-radius & ulna

-hand-carpals, metacarpals, & phalanges

The bone of the arm

-long bone

Bones of the fingers

-thumb has 2

-other fingers have 3

*also form the toes*

Thighbone

-longest & strongest bone in the body

7 bones

-make up the ankle

Saddle

Ball & socket

Pivot

Hinge

Gliding

Condyloid

Saddle-shaped

-fits into complementary regions of bones

-variety of movements

EX. joint between carpal & metacarpal bones of the thumb

Ball-shaped head

-fits into the cup-shaped socket of another

-movement in all planes as well as rotation

EX. shoulder & hip joints

Small cylindrical projection

-pivots w/in the ring formed bone & ligament of another bone

-only roatation is possible

EX. joint between atlas & axis

Convex syrface

-Joins with concave surface of another

-Up & down motion in one plane possible

EX. Elbow & knee joints

Flat or slightly curved surfaces join

-Sliding or twisting possible

EX. Joints between bones of the wrist & ankles

Oval-shaped condyle

-Fits into elliptical cavity of another

-NO rotation, movement in diff planes

EX. Joints between metacarpals & phalanges