-movement    -storage

-structure   -movement

-blood cell formation

-connective tissue 

-extra cellular matrix

-No. 

-internal structure and size

skeleton derives from the greek word meaning;

oss;

-dried up body

-bone

blood cell formation; 

(hymatopawesis)

spongy bone;

cube shaped

wrist, ankles, feet knee cap

thin flat and curved

made of 3 layers (com.spon.com.)

skull, sternum &ribs

oddly shaped

pelvis, jaw, vertebrae 

Hyaline cartilage found surrounding the epiphysis of long bones

(reduce friction in joints)

area of hyaline cartilage in the epiphysis of long bones 

allow bones to grow

opening in the ex. cellular matrix

where osteocytes are found

-canaliculi

-central canal

-perforating canal

compound fracture;

bine breaks into many fragments

(common in elders)

broken bone is pushed inward 

(common in skull fracture)

broken bone ends are forced into each other

(breaking a fall with hands)

spiral fracture; 

ragged break due to twisting at the time of impact 

(common sports injury)

bone breaks incompletely 

(common in children)

Fracture Treatment:

reduction;

Fracture treatment:

open reduction;

Fracture treatment:

closed reduction;

Healing:

hematoma formation;

when bone breaks, blood vessels are ruptured (hema-blood)

-fills with blood, swelling (hematoma)

any bone cells without a blood cell die

Healing:

Fibrocartilage callus formation;

new capillaries form, dead tissue is digested by fagocytes

-various types of conn. tissue

(boney matrix, collagen, cartilage) form a mass called fibro. callus 

Healing:

Boney callus ;

Healing:

bone remodeling;

-boney callus is reshaped over the next several months to meet the needs of the bone 

(strong& permanent)

The vertebral column:

location;

vertebral column:

function;

spinal column:

made of;

spinal column:

intervertebral disks;

-disks made of fibrocartilage 

sit between vertebrae 

(prevents from crushing)

Parts of Vertebrae:

Body;

Parts of Vertebrae:

vertebral arch;

Parts of Vertebrae:

vertebral foramen;

Parts of Vertebrae:

Transverse process;

lateral projections 

(allow for muscle attachment)

Parts of Vertebrae:

spinal process;

spine

part you see, feel 

smallest, most delicate vertebrae

contain opening for vertebrae artery 

7 in neck area 

c1- atlas closest to skull 

c2- axis 

typical

in middle of column 

have articulations for ribs 

12 in middle 

5 most inferior 

thickest and sturdiest 

massive block like bodies 

Sacrum;

what is it?

formed by the fusion of 5 vertebrae 

located below lumbar vertebrae

articulates with L5

forms posterior walls of pelvis 

most inferior part of vertebral col.

formed from 3-5 tiny irregular shaped vert.

tailbone remnant of tail 

homeostatic imbalances;

drying out of disks; slipped disks 

result in numbness and pain 

spinal curvatures:

kyphosis;

spinal curvature:

lordosis;

front to back curve

causes abs to be forward

Joints:

synarthroses;

immovable joints 

(skull)

Joints:

amphiarthroses;

slightly movable joints

(pelvis, vertebral)

Joints:

diarthroses;

freely movable 

(jaw)

Structural classification:

fibrous joints;

bones are unitary fibrous tissue 

done tail 

bines connected by cartilage 

with no cavity 

what are the 4 parts of the synovial joint and fuction

-articular cart. reduce

-fibrose cart. friction 

-joint cavity  "  "

-reinforcing ligaments connect joint together

Synovial joints:

plane joints;

smooth flat surface over one another 

(carpals)

Synovial joints:

hinge joins;

opens like one way door

(elbow)

Synovial joints:

pivot;

twist one way

(elbow)

move in 2 places 

(carpal and metacarpal thumb)

what is arthritis?

-osteorthritis

-rheumatiod

-gouty

-chronic degenerative condition, elder

-chronic inflammatory dissorder

-acid accumulates in the blood and may be deposited as needle shaped crystal