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define Specificity
which are the simplest |
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Definition
type of stimulus to which a receptor best responds
free nerve endings are the simplest, can use many different stimuli
complex receptors may respond to only one stimulus |
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area monitored by a singer receptor
larger the receptor field the less ability to discriminate |
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labeled line has specific sensation in the specific area
sensory coding uses variations in action potentials |
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Definition
using receptors that change response
phasic receptors have this ability
tonic do not have this ability |
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Definition
| uses inhibition long sensory pathways |
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Definition
Exteroceptors- external environment (does that bug bit hurt, does that tickle)
Proprioceptors- Body position (where are your limbs ect.)
Interoceptors- internal environment (are you full) |
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Definition
| classified as to what they detect |
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pain, unpleasant stimuli
(fast vs slow) (chronic vs acute)
(referred pain) |
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Definition
-detect temperature
(also in you esophagus)
in the skin (external) skeletal muscle, Liver(no idea why) Hypothalamus (regulate body temperature) |
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Definition
cell membrane distortion
(any kind of change in the cell membrane makes this fire)
three types |
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Type of mechanoreceptors
tactile |
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Definition
| (in the skin, pressure and deep pressure vibratory pressure, some are wrapped around nerve roots of hairs (tells you when the wind blows) |
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Definition
| detect pressure/pressure changes. In the lamina of the stomach ( i am full) and blood pressure |
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chemical molecules detect chemicals.
taste and smell, brain regulated breathing by detecting CO2 changes |
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Definition
| sense of self, how long muscles are ect. |
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| Receptors only project through a very superior area of the nasal cavity (under the cribraform plate); olfactory nerves that come through cribriform plate project into receptor cells which have cilia (little fingers on the top of them) when you smell something, the chemicals in that smell dissolve into that mucous layer. These proteins on the cilia identify these chemicals when they touch each other and it fires a message to the brain |
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Definition
| receptors on the dorsal surface of the tongue (gustatory cells) chemicals are mixed in salvia and they are carried around until chemicals are identified. |
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Term
papille
(tastebuds)
three types |
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Definition
Filiform (feather like) slender
Fungiform (mushroom like)
Circumvallate (large rounded double ringed) back of tongue |
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Term
| how many taste buds are on the sides of the tongue? |
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Definition
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sweet, salty, bitter and sour
umami-makes chicken soup taste good when you're sick
water-we have receptors on our tongue to detect water. |
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Definition
Pinna (oracle)- your ear flap
external auditory canal ceremonious glands
tympanic membrane (ear drum)sound waves cause vibrations |
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Definition
Tympanic cavity
auditory tube- connects middle ear w/pharynx=pressure and equalization-pops open to allow pressure out. |
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Term
| auditory ossicles in the middle ear |
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Definition
malleus- the hammer on the ear drum
incus- the anvil
stapes stirrup sits on the oval window |
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Term
malleus
incus how do these do sound?
stapes |
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Definition
| These three help with the transmission of sound. If the tympanic membrane moves these three ossicles and when the stapes move, a fluid wave goes through and push receptors (They can be bigger/smaller waves depending on the sound) |
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Definition
| separates the middle and inner ear beginning of vestibular duct of cochlea |
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Definition
tensor tympani attaches to the malleus stabilizes the malleus
stapedius- attaches to the stapes minimizes movement of the stapes. |
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Definition
labyrinths- filled with perilymph surrounds the membranous
membranous labyrinth- endolymph- softer portions of the ears |
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| 2 divisions of the inner ear |
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Definition
vestibular-vestibule and semicircular canals-equilibrium
cochlea-hearing |
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Term
| round window via oval window |
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Definition
If your oval window vibrates it bulges in and sets the wave in motion.. then the round window bulges out to relive the pressure
-round window -at end of tympanic duct |
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Term
inner ear receptors
laras rant |
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Definition
-all the receptors in the inner ears (Whether they do equilibrium or hearing) are called : “hair cells” with stereocilia (all the projections off the hair cell) and 1 kinocilium (one long projection that helps orient what the cell does) FMMMMLLLLL.
If the stereocilia bends toward the kinocilium it will stimulate the cell and tell it to fire
If the stereocilia bends away from the kinocilium it will not fire. GO FIGURE |
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anterior, posterior, lateral.
ampulla- swollen area at the base of each canal has one spot with the crista which has hair cells and only on one side of the ampulla! |
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Definition
| has hair cells in a gelatinous cupola, when water rushes by it moves the cupola which bend the hair cells. |
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utricle ans saccule
laras rant again |
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Definition
-stereocilia project into otolith (the statoconia and gelatinous substance together) (statoconia: crystals that sit on the gelatinous substance)
The statoconia create drag when you tip your head back;
The utricle does acceleration and moving up and down. (detect linear acceleration and gravity)
They tell you about acceleration and going up and down? I think. Like an elevator… Elevators always make me sea sickish. I feel like I’m moving when I get out of those darned things. |
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Term
| neural pathways of equilibrium |
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Definition
vestibular ganglia contain sensory neurons
to vestibular branch of vestibulocochlear nerve
to vestibular nuclei in pons and medulla
Integrate both sides
Relay to cerebellum
Relay to cerebral cortex
Send commands to motor in brain stem and cord |
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