Term
| Alchemy and Hermetic Magic |
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Definition
The scientific revolution was not always like the scientific world of today. people were still interested in alchemy and magic.
Hermeticism was the belief that the world was a living embodiment of divinity. (religious) people were therefore the embodiment of divinity, and could master nature through mathematical magic. |
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| Ptolemaic Universe and Aristotle |
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Definition
| Both Greek scientists. They were the base for all scientific exploration during the scientific revolution. |
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Definition
| Ptolemy had drawn an earth-centered universe with heaven on the outer boundary. (refuted by copernicus). this version emphasizes earth as the most important thing in the universe, and heaven/god as a central part of the universe. |
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Definition
| Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler and Galileo refute the ptolemaic model, and create a heliocentric universe. |
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| Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler |
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Definition
| Copernicus was the first to introduce the idea of a heliocentric universe, well before the beginnings of the scientific revolution. Brahe kept a detailed log of planetary motion that supported Copernicus' ideas, and Kepler made small adjustments, like the fact that the orbits were elliptical. |
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Definition
| He was the first man to look through a telescope, and saw that the planets were not the perfect heavenly bodies they were thought to be, but made of materials similar to those on earth. He played with the laws of motion. he was under pressure from the inquisition >> heresy. |
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Definition
| Took emphasis away from the earth, but also refuted the church's assertion that Heaven was on the boundary, and led people to question the church. Less religious. |
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| Three Laws of Planetary Motion |
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Definition
| orbits are elliptical, velocity of planets with more mass is lower, and the fact that a planet's period of revolution is proportional to the cube of its distance from the sun. |
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Term
| The Inquisition and House Arrest |
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Definition
| The Inquisition put serious pressure on Galileo to quit publishing his work. after he publishes a book supporting copernicus' ideas, he is put under house arrest, and he studies motion from then on. |
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Definition
| invented calculus, published the principia, and found the 3 laws of motion. he was still very interested in alchemy and magic. |
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Term
| Universal Law of Gravitation |
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Definition
| This law explained all motion in the universe, and this led to another universal model, the Newtonian world Machine. this limited significantly the role that god plays in everyday human life. |
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Definition
| People start to explore the workings of the human body. although many conjectures were extremely inaccurate, this interest leads to better hygiene and less disease. |
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| A scientist during the Middle Ages, he studied the human body, but was wildly inaccurate in his theories. |
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| blood, yellow bile, phlegm, black bile. diseases were caused by an imbalance of these humors. |
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Definition
| Rejected the work of Galen, he said that disease was caused by a chemical imbalance in the organs that could be treated by chemical remedies. he thought that like cures like, so poison would cure a poisoned person. |
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Definition
| Studied Anatomy, and wrote "on the fabric of the human body". he did practical research >> autopsies. |
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Definition
| studied the circulatory system |
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| Women in the origins of modern science |
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Definition
| New opportunities arose for elite women, because wealthy men encouraged their spouses to become educated. |
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Definition
| an aristocrat, she wrote "observations upon experimental philosophy and grounds of natural philosophy." she did not hesitate to attack theses conjectured by males. |
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Definition
| she was not aristocratic. she was an entomologist |
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Definition
| a german astronomer, she learned from her father, in the same way that a someone becomes an artisan. she was rejected from the berlin academy, which reflects the hardships that women still had to go through. |
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Definition
| used reason as his sole guide to truth. mind over matter. he explored the scientific method |
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Definition
| quote from Descartes, emphasizing the importance of sentient thought, and that it is more important than our physical attributes. |
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| Descartes new view of humankind |
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Definition
| The mind is what defines people. there is a split between mind and body. |
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Term
| Descartes' deductive method |
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Definition
| the starting point should always be doubt. he had a few postulates, and using reason, was able to find more truths. |
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Definition
| the mind and the body are split, and so people began to associate themselves with the mind instead of the mind AND body. |
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Definition
| Francis Bacon: look at particular examples of a phenomenon, and then move to more universal concluisons. |
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| Francis Bacon's Inductive method |
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Definition
| from carefully organized experiments, and thorough observations, correct generalizations can be made. |
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| "to conquer nature in action" |
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Definition
| Bacon's motivation in his scientific method was to conquer nature, to dominate it. he wanted to be able to create tools that would make human existence easier. |
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| Benedict de Spinoza's Pantheism |
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Definition
| god was not only the creator of the universe, he was the universe. everything is god, nothing can be apart from god. |
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| a collection of notes apologizing to the catholic church. he wanted to keep religion and science together |
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Definition
| received no government assistance, simply scientists working together. science became a cooperative effort. |
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| French Royal Academy of the sciences |
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Definition
| supported by the government, they tried to come up with practical solutions that would make life easier. these solution would benefit the rich and the king. |
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Term
| the spread of science through these societies |
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Definition
| these societies produced scientific journals to disseminate this knowledge. |
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Term
| compare with medieval science and renaissance science. |
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Definition
| scientific revolution was a lot less religious, and was mostly to conquer nature. |
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