Term
|
Definition
| Anteriorly merges with external nose and posteriorly communicates with the pharynx through the internal nares. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 functions of interior structures of external nose |
|
Definition
1. Warming, moistening, and filtering.
2. Detecting olfactory stimuli.
3. Modifying speech vibrations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Filters large dust particles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A vertical partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase the surface area in the internal nose and prevents dehydration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two openings in which the nasal cavity communicates with the pharynx. |
|
|
Term
| Paranasal sinuses & openings |
|
Definition
| Drain mucous and serve as resonating chambers for sound as we speak. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells that lie in the respiratory region. Contain cilia but no goblet cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Throat. Starts at the internal nares and extends to the level of the cricoid cartilage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superior portion of the pharynx. Exchanges small amounts of air with the auditory tube to equalize air pressure between the pharynx and the middle ear. Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. |
|
|
Term
| Auditory (eustachian) tubes |
|
Definition
1. Opening equalizes atmospheric pressure in the middle ear.
2. Closing protects the middle ear from unwanted pressure fluctuations and loud sounds.
3. Aerates and clears mucous from middle ear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located on the posterior wall of nasopharynx and is part of the lymphatic system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forms posterior portion of roof of mouth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extends from the soft palate inferiorly to the level of the hyoid bone. Serves as a common passage way for air, food, and drink. Lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opening from the mouth. Only opening into the oropharynx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found it the oropharynx at the back of the throat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in the oropharynx behind the tongue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Begins at the level of the hyoid bone. At its inferior end it opens into the esophagus (food tube) posteriorly and the larynx (voice box) anteriorly. Both respiratory and digestive passageway. Lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Voice box. Short passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea. Composed of nine pieces of cartilage. Singly - thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and cricoid cartilage. Pairs - arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 fused plates of hyaline cartilage that forms the anterior wall of the larynx and give it a triangular shape. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of the thyroid cartilage that forms the triangular shape. In both males and females but larger in males due to male sex hormones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx. Landmark for marking a tracheostomy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevation of the larynx causes the epiglottis to move down and form a lid over the glottis to prevent food from entering the larynx and airways. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most important of paired cartilages. Influence changes in position and tension of vocal folds (true vocal cords for speech). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wedge-shaped. Anterior to the corniculate cartilages. Support the vocal folds and lateral aspects of the epiglottis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Horn-shaped. Apex of each arytenoid cartilage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Form 2 pairs of folds. Superior pair called the ventricular folds (false vocal cords). Inferior pair called vocal folds (true vocal cords) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Superior to vocal folds - nonkeratinized stratefied squamous epithelium.
Inferior to vocal folds - pseutostratified ciliated columnar epithelium consisting of ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells, and basal cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| False vocal cords. When brought together, they function in holding the breath against pressure in the thoracic cavity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Voice production. Pitch is controlled by tension of the vocal folds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Portion of cavity of larynx above the true vocal cords. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lateral expansion of the middle portion of laryngeal cavity inferior to the ventricular folds and superior to the vocal folds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consists of the true vocal folds and the space between them called the rima glottidis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Windpipe. Tubular passage way for air. Layers of the tracheal wall: mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia (composed of areolar connective tissue). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epithelial layer of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Underlying layer contains elastic and reticular fibers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smooth muscle fibers. Allows diameter of the trachea to change during inhalation and exhalation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trachea divides into the right primary bronchus (more vertical, shorter and wider) which goes into the right lung and the left primary bronchus which goes into the left lung. Incomplete rings of cartilage are lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An internal ridge where the trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi. Most sensitive areas of larynx and trachea to trigger cough reflex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One for each lobe of the lung. Right has 3 lobes and left has 2 lobes. Ciliated simple columnar epithelium with some goblet cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The secondary bronchi branch forming smaller bronchi. Mostly ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium with no goblet cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Divide from tertiary bronchi. Branch repeatedly and branch into smaller tubes called terminal bronchioles. Contain Clara cells, columnar nonciliated cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Protect against harmful effects of inhaled toxins and carcinogens.
2. Produce surfactant
3. Function as stem cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| End of conducting zone. Non ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extensive branching from the trachea through the terminal bronchioles resembles and inverted tree. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Have alveoli budding from their walls that participate in gas exchange. Begin the respiratory zone of the respiratory system. Epithelial lining changes from simple cuboidal to simple squamous cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subdivide from respiratory bronchioles. Simple squamous epithelium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cup shaped outpouching lined by simple squamous epithelium and supported by a thin elastic basement membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two or more aveoli that share a common opening. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Area where exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air spaces in the lungs and the blood takes place by diffusion across the alveolar and capillary walls. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consists of four layers: 1. Type I and type II alveolar cells and macrophages. 2. Epithelial basement membrane. 3. Capillary basement membrane. 3. Capillary endothelium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Passage way for air and food.
2. Resonating chamber for speech sounds.
3. Houses the tonsils. |
|
|
