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| the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases involving the structures of the lower respiratory tract, including the lungs, their airways and blood vessels, and the chest wall (thoracic cage) |
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| includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea |
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| includes the left and right bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and the lungs |
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| involuntary contraction, twitching |
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| abnormal breathing sounds heard during inhalation or expiration, with or without a stethoscope |
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| fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli; AKA rales |
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| dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body) |
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| loud, coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration that is caused by obstructed airways |
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| high-pitched, musical sound made on inspiration that is caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx |
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| continuous high-pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration, that are caused by narrowing of an airway |
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| excessive acidity of blood due to an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate |
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| acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
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| respiratory insufficiency marked by progressive hypoxia |
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| total absence of oxygen in body tissues |
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| collapse of lung tissue, preventing respiratory exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) |
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| process of becoming solid, especially in connection with the lungs |
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| acute inflammation of nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; AKA a cold |
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| acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor |
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| genetic disease of exocrine glands characterized by excessive secretions of thick mucus that do not drain normally, causing obstruction of passageways (including pancreatic and bile ducts and bronchi) |
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| pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity (pyothorax) |
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| in acute form, a severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and surrounding area that occurs most commonly in children between ages 2 and 12 |
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| hemorrhage from the nose; AKA nosebleed |
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| deficiency of oxygen in the blood, usually a sign of respiratory impairment |
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| deficiency of oxygen in body tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment |
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| acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by a sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain |
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| pulmonary malignancy commonly attributable to cigarette smoking |
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| acute infectious disease characterized by a “whoop”-sounding cough, AKA whooping cough |
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| abnormal presence of fluid in the pleural cavity |
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| collection of air in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung |
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| measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide content of arterial blood by various methods |
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| visual examination of the interior bronchi using a bronchoscope, a flexible fiberoptic instrument with a light, which can be inserted through the nose or mouth |
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| radiograph of the chest taken from the anteroposterior (AP), posteroanterior (PA), or lateral projections |
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| radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays that rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body that a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of that body part |
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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| radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body |
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| pulmonary function tests (PFTs) |
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| variety of tests to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently |
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| forced vital capacity (FVC) |
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| measurement of the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled from the lungs after the deepest inhalation |
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| forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) |
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| measurement of the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled during the first second of measuring the FVC |
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| measurement of FVC and FEV1 producing a tracing on a graph |
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| use of body positioning to assist in removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities |
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| drugs used to increase airflow by dilating constricted airways through relaxation of the smooth muscles that surround the bronchioles and bronchi |
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| hormonal agents that reduce tissue edema and inflammation associated with chronic lung disease |
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| nebulized mist treatment (NMT) |
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| therapy that uses a device to produce a fine spray (nebulizer) that delivers medication directly into the lungs |
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