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The Progressive Era
Test Review for Chapters 18 and 19
68
History
11th Grade
11/12/2009

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Term
Prohibition
Definition
Ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol
Term
Closed Shop
Definition
Everyone in the factory must join the union
Term
Progressivism
Definition
A movement aimed at reforming the numerous problems in American society, especially its urban areas
Term
Open Shop
Definition
Workers in this factory could not be made to join the union
Term
Labor Laws
Definition
These were targets of the Progressives, to provide protection for workers, especially children
Term
National Urban League
Definition
One of the first organizations to fight for racial equality in the U.S.
Term
Freedom of Contract
Definition
A worker has the right to negotiate the terms of their employment
Term
Muckraker
Definition
Writers, photographers, and reformers who tried to expose the social ills of American society to the public
Term
Society of American Indians
Definition
One of the first organizations to address the problems of native Americans
Term
Socialism
Definition
Economic system wherein much of the means of production is owned by the government.  The I.W.W. favored this system
Term
Ida Tarbell
Definition

Muckraker who wrote about John Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company in McClure's

 
Term
Lincoln Steffens
Definition
This muckraker gave evidence of political corruption in Shame of the Cities
Term
Theodore Dreiser
Definition
He told the story of the struggles of workers who suffered at the hands of greedy owners in Sister Carrie
Term
Florence Kelley
Definition
She helped bring about the National Child Labor Committee
Term
Louis Brandeis
Definition
He argued for the right to limit workers' hours in Muller v. Oregon 
Term
Samuel Gompers
Definition
Under his leadership the A.F. of L. had tremendous growth
Term
Lawrence Veiller
Definition
From his work at settlement houses, he began campaigning against the condition of tenements
Term
Billy Sunday
Definition
This former pro baseball player became a prohibitionist preacher
Term
Frances Willard
Definition
She became the leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union
Term
W.E.B. DuBois
Definition
he gave some amazing insight into life as an African American in the U.S. in The Souls of Black Folk
Term
Populists
Definition
Many Progressive reforms were based on this party's desire to give the people greater control of the government
Term
Terror of the Trusts
Definition
This was one of the nicknames that Teddy Roosevelt acquired
Term
Supreme Court
Definition
many of the desired Progressive reforms were shot down by this legal institutition
Term
Capitalism
Definition
Despite labor union's desire to make things better for workers, most still believed in this economic system
Term
A.F. of L.
Definition
This was by far the most effective labor organization during the Progressive Era
Term
African Americans
Definition
Unfortunately these people tended to be left out of the organized labor movement
Term
Urban
Definition
By the end of the Progressive Era, a majority of Americans lived in these areas
Term
Alcohol
Definition
The majority of Progressives were in favor of banning this
Term
Eighteenth 
Definition
Also called the "Prohibition Amendment", it was very difficult to enforce
Term
Skilled workers
Definition
The A.F. of L. only allowed these into their union
Term
I.L.G.W.U.
Definition
This group was closely aligned with the Women's Trade Union League
Term
Jewish and Italian immigrant women
Definition
These were the people who made up the majority of the I.L.G.W.U.
Term
I.W.W.
Definition
This was the only major union that allowed minorities to join
Term
Mann-Elkins Act
Definition
Allowed the Interstate Commerce Commission to control telephone and telegraph companies
Term
Direct Primary
Definition
Voters could now decide who the candidates for public office would be
Term
Bull Moose
Definition
Nickname given to the newly formed Progressive Party
Term
Initiative
Definition
Individuals could put a law or policy on the ballot for voters to decide
Term
Upton Sinclair
Definition
Muckraker responsible for The jungle, which exposed the conditions in the meatpacking industry
Term
Referendum
Definition
Individuals can challenge an existing law by having it put on the ballot for the voters to decide
Term
Wisconsin
Definition
The "Laboratory for Democracy", this state helped bring in many Progressive reforms
Term
Gifford Pinchot
Definition
T.R.'s "point man" for conservation, he was in charge of protecting the natural environment
Term
New Nationalism
Definition
T.R.'s domestic policy, aimed at protecting citizens and controlling big business 
Term
Recall
Definition
Individuals can remove an elected official from office 
Term
Secret Ballot
Definition
This eliminated the ability of political machines to intimidate or threaten voters into voting for a certain candidate
Term
City Manager
Definition
A non-politican, hired from the outside to administrate a city like a business
Term
Voting
Definition
Southern Progressives still tried to prevent African-Americans from doing this
Term
Robert Lafollette
Definition
Wisconsin's Progressive governor
Term
Richard Ballinger
Definition
His dispute with Pinchot over the sale of public land helped split the Republican party and bring T.R. back
Term
Joseph Cannon
Definition
Speaker of the House who Progressive Republicans felt wielded too much power
Term
Woodrow Wilson
Definition
This Democratic candidate for president benefited the most from the split in the Republican Party
Term
New Freedom
Definition
Wilson's domestic policy, centered on the belief that people operated best without interference from government or business
Term
Graduated Income Tax
Definition
Wilson introduced this to make up for revenue lost when the tariff was lowered
Term
Federal Trade Commission
Definition
This gave the government the ability to take corporations using unfair business practices to court
Term
National Women's Party
Definition
Group that proposed a Constitutional amendment providing women the right to vote
Term
Alice Paul
Definition
Founder of the National Women's Party
Term
Election Process
Definition
Progressives believed reforming this was the best way to break political machines
Term
Tax reform and pensions for city employees
Definition
The average voter was opposed to these initiatives  
Term

""Good" and "Bad"

 

Definition
T.R. believed this about trusts, and did not want to break them all up
Term
Food Service
Definition
Women were extremely active in the reform of this industry
Term
Square Deal
Definition
Term for T.R.'s domestic policy
Term
Public transportation  
Definition
Very little was done by Progressives to improve this
Term
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Definition
Taft's refusal to veto this and lower tariffs started the split between the Progressive Republicans
Term
T.R.'s delegates
Definition
Taft's refusal to seat these at the Republican Convention insured he would get the nomination
Term
Child Labor
Definition
Despite his tremendous efforts, Wilson did little to improve conditions here
Term
National American Woman Suffrage Association
Definition
Their tactic for gaining the vote was to bring it in at the state level
Term
Carrie Chapman Catt
Definition
Leader of the N.A.W.S.A., she had good success at the state level
Term
Constitution
Definition
Taft believed a president's power was limited by this
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