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| the conflict between the US and USSR that did not involve any actual fighting |
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| Truman's assertion that the US should defend countries that were being subjected to commmunism |
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| a policy that tried to prevent the spread of communism |
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| a telegram in which George Kennan introduced the idea of containment |
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| sent $12 billion to Europe to help rebuild its cities and economies; an alliance with America was expected |
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) |
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| a US defense alliance with Western Europe formed in 1949 |
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| (1945) a Soviet blockade of Berlin when they realized that the Allies were attempting to merge their sectors (of Germany) into one country |
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| National Security Council |
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| a group of foreign affairs advisers who work for the president |
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| Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |
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| the process by which the US assisted Japan in rebuilding itself, writing a democratic constitution, and demilitarized |
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| China's 20-year civil war against Mao Zedong's Communist insurgents |
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| a former State Department official who, in 1949, was found guilty of consorting with a communist spy |
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| a senator that made multiple fraudulent (yet sensational) claims of having the names of known communists in the government and in other places |
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| televised hearings in which McCarthy was made to look foolish for his claims |
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| United Mine Workers' strike |
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Definition
| a strike by UMW that cut off energy supplies to other industries; Truman ordered a seizure of the mines when a settlement could not be reached |
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| the Republican Congress that Truman managed to triumph over by deriding them as "do-nothing" after they failed to pass any legislation in a two-week meeting |
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| President's Committee on Civil Rights |
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Definition
| (1948) issued a report calling for an end to segregation and poll taxes |
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| the first black baseball player to compete professionally with whites |
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| prohibited "union only" work environments, restricted rights to strike, prohibited the use of union (1948) funds for political purposes, and gave the government more power to intervene in strikes |
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| a US commander who wanted an all-out confrontation with China; fired when he publicly critiized the president |
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| the president elected in 1952 by the Republican Party |
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| describes the 1950s; a consensus of values across America appeared |
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| the belief that access to modern conveniences constitued a good life |
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| (1944) provided an allowance for educational and living expenses of veteran soldiers |
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| Interstate Highway System |
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| a road system that spanned the country |
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| Eisenhower's policy for Native Americans; liquidate reservations, end federal support to Native Americans, and force them to comply with state law |
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| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka |
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| (1954) a court case in which the "separate but equal" precedent was overturned; ordered schools to desegregate |
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| a bus boycott in response to the arrest of Rosa Parks, who refused to give up her seat to a white man as required by law |
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| a young pastor who rose to national prominence through the Montgomery bus boycott |
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| the site of a sit-in at a local lunch counter; inspired similar sit-ins across America |
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| the threat of nuclear attack that the US could potentially launch |
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| the hypothetical Soviet fear of massive retaliation |
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| a policy of allowing negotiations to escalate towards war |
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| the Secretary of State who dictated Cold War policy |
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| the new Soviet leader after Stalin |
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| National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
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| a US organization to explore space in an effort to compete with the USSR |
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| countries that did not ally themselves with either the US or the USSR |
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| Eisenhower's vice president; nominated for the presidency in 1960 but defeated by Kennedy |
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| Kennedy's vice president, who would become president after Kennedy's assassination |
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| military-industrial complex |
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| a powerful potential alliance between the arms industries and the military |
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| the name of Kennedy's domestic program |
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| a Communist dictator who took control of Cuba in 1959 |
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| a (failed) plan to send Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overtake its government |
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| a wall that divided East and West Berlin; built by the Soviets to prevent East Germans from leaving the country |
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| (1962) missile sites were detected in Cuba |
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| an effort to provide teachers and specialists to the Third World |
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| (1963) required men and women to receive equal pay for equal work |
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| (1964) an act that enforced civil rights; passed by Johnson's efforts after Kennedy's assassination; outlawed discrimination |
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| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) |
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Definition
| staged sit-ins, boycotts, and other peaceful demonstrations |
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| an NAACP director who was assassinated in 1963 |
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| Equal Employment Opportunity Commision (EEOC) |
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Definition
| an organization to enforce the employment clause of the Civil Rights Act |
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Definition
| (1965) cracked down on states denying blacks the right to vote |
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| Johnson's large anti-policy program including programs like the Job Corps and VISTA |
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| a Chief Justice who made the Supreme Court extremely liberal |
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| the Supreme Court case in which it ruled that a defendant in a felony trial must be provided a lawyer for free if needed |
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| the Supreme Court ruled that a suspect must be advised of his right to remain silent |
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| a minister of the Nation of Islam who encouraged blacks to claim their rights by "any means necessary" |
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| groups that campaigned for the elimination of poverty, racism, and an end to Cold War politics |
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| (1963) a book by Betty Friedan that challenged assumptions about women's place in society |
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| enabled women to obtain abortions in all 50 states within the first trimester |
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| the lifestyle of hippies, or those who specifically opposed society |
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| a nationalist Vietnamese resistance to French rule |
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| leader of the Vietminh; led the country after Vietnam declared independence; a communist |
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| the US recognized his government; the Vietnamese emperor whom the French had installed |
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Definition
| divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel; Communists controlled the North and "democratic" forces controlled the South |
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| a South Vietnamese leader who allied with the US; turned out to be a vicious leader |
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Term
| Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) |
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Definition
| a US alliance with several other countires to provide for South Vietnam's defense against Communist takeover |
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| communist South Vietnamese insurgents who opposed Diem's policies |
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| a neighboring country to Vietnam; bombed by the US because it was being used to ship weapons to the Vietcong |
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| (1964) passed after a report that North Vietnam had fired on two American ships; allowed the president to take any actions to protect American interests in the region |
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| the process of the US taking over the war effort from the South Vietnamese |
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| an attack in which the North Vietnamese inflicted tremendous damage |
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| US soldiers abused, tortured, and murdered about 400 innocent civilians |
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| John F Kennedy's brother and former attorney general; assassinated while campaigning for President |
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| the Secretary of State who completed negotiations for a peace treaty with the North Vietnamese |
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| (1973) prevented any future president from involving the military in an undeclared war |
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| Nixon's and Kissinger's approach to foreign policy; called for countries to respect each other's differences |
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| announced that the US would withdraw many of its overseas troop commitments, relying instead on alliances with local governments to stop the spread of communism |
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| a period of combined recession-inflation |
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| a top-secret government study of the history of US involvement in Vietnam |
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| a team of investigators who worked for Nixon and undertook disgraceful acts to increase Nixon's chances for reelection |
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| a hotel in which the Democratic headquarters were located; the plumbers botched a burglary here; evidence incriminated Nixon and he resigned |
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| the president after Nixon; had not been elected by the public |
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| elected in 1976; a Democratic president |
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| a new government agency to research alternative sources of power |
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| the location of a Pennsylvania plant that failed, which released radioactive materials into the atmosphere |
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| the site of a negotiation between Israel and Egypt |
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